Alfred Jules Ayer (October 29, 1910 _ June 27, 1989), better known as simply A. J. Ayer (and called Freddie by friends), was a philosopher who helped popularise logical positivism in English-speaking countries in his books Language, Truth and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956). He attended Eton and served in the British military during World War II. In many ways he was the philosophical successor to Bertrand Russell, although he gained fame more for adapting ideas of others than for true originality. He is perhaps best known for his verification principle, an attempt at creating a process for determining whether a sentence has any logical meaning. At several periods he taught or lectured in the United States, including serving as a visiting professor at Bard College in the fall of 1987, when he taught classes on "Moore and Russell" and "Ryle and Austin." Shortly before his death in 1989 he received publicity after having an unusual "near-death" experience, which to some suggested that he had moved away from his lifelong and notorious religious skepticism. However, he may have been merely attempting to report his experiences in an honestly objective, empirical manner.
At a party Ayer, then 77, encountered Mike Tyson harassing Naomi Campbell and demanded Tyson stop. Tyson said "Do you know who the fuck I am? I'm the heavyweight champion of the world." Ayer replied "And I am the former Wykeham Professor of Logic. We are both pre-eminent in our field; I suggest that we talk about this like rational men."
Ayer (or Freddie by his friends), was a British philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956).
Ayer was the Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic at the University College London from 1946 until 1959, when he became Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford.
Ayer was closely associated with the British humanist movement.
Ayer explains that the principle of verifiability may be used as a criterion to determine whether a statement is meaningful.
Ayer agrees with Hume that there are two main classes of propositions: those which concern 'relations of ideas,' and those which concern 'matters of fact.' Propositions about 'relations of ideas' include the a priori propositions of logic and mathematics.3 Propositions about 'matters of fact,' on the other hand, make assertions about the empirical world.
Ayer is careful to explain that the verification principle is a definition of meaning, and that it is not an empirical proposition.
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