Alfred Stock
Born	16 July 1876(1876-07-16) Danzig , German Empire
Died	12 August 1946 (aged 70) Aken an der Elbe, Germany
Nationality	German
Field	Chemistry
Institutions	University of Karlsruhe
Notable students	Egon Wiberg

Alfred Stock (July 16, 1876 - August 12, 1946) was a German inorganic chemist. Born in Danzig (Gdańsk) and educated at Berlin, he became the director of the Chemistry Department at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe from 1926 to 1936. He was renowned for his pioneering research on boron hydrides.^[1] If you hold the copyright to an image (e. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For alternative meanings of Gdańsk and Danzig, see Gdansk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... For German colonial territories, see German Colonial Empire. ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aken [] is a town in the district Köthen, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. ... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... The Universität Karlsruhe (TH) (also called Fridericiana / University of Karlsruhe) recently merged with Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe to form the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. ... This is a list of famous chemists: (alphabetical order) Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Emil Abderhalden, (1877–1950), Swiss chemist Richard Abegg, (1869–1910), German... Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (No rashness, no timidness) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Pomeranian Powiat city county Gmina GdaÅ„sk Established 10th century City Rights 1263 Government  - Mayor PaweÅ‚ Adamowicz Area  - City 262 km²  (101. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ... Karlsruhe (population 285,812 in 2006) is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Research on the hydrides of boron and silicon

Stock began studying the boron hydrides - the boron hydrogen chemical compounds with general formula B_xH_y - since 1909 at Breslau. Due to their extreme reactivity and flammability in air, boron hydrides could not been purified until his development of methods for separation using high-vacuum manifolds around 1912. He performed similar work on the hydrides of silicon. The hydrides of boron and silicon represented the first family of binary compounds to approach the richness of hydrocarbons in terms of structural diversity. Not only did the boron hydrides exhibit challenging properties, their structures were also unusual. Elucidation of the structures and the associated bonding models dramatically expanded the scope of inorganic chemistry. Boron hydrides such as diborane later developed into a range of reagents for organic synthesis as well as a source of diverse ligands and building blocks for researchers. Hydride is the name given to the negative ion of hydrogen, H−. Although this ion does not exist except in extraordinary conditions, the term hydride is widely applied to describe compounds of hydrogen with other elements, particularly those of groups 1–16. ... General Name, Symbol, Number boron, B, 5 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 13, 2, p Appearance black/brown Standard atomic weight 10. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Wrocław. ... Hydride is the name given to the negative ion of hydrogen, H−. Although this ion does not exist except in extraordinary conditions, the term hydride is widely applied to describe compounds of hydrogen with other elements, particularly those of groups 1–16. ... Diborane is a colorless gas at room temperature with a repulsive, sweet odor. ... A reagent is a material used to start a {[chemical reaction]}. For example hydrochloric acid is the chemical reagent that would cause calcium carbonate to release carbon dioxide. ... Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ...

Research on other areas of inorganic chemistry

In 1921, he first prepared metallic beryllium by electrolyzing a fused mixture of sodium and beryllium fluorides. This method made beryllium available for industrial use, as in special alloys and glasses and for making windows in X-ray tubes. Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... General Name, symbol, number beryllium, Be, 4 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, period, block 2, 2, s Appearance white-gray metallic Standard atomic weight 9. ... For sodium in the diet, see Edible salt. ... A fluoride ion is the ionic form of fluorine. ...

He was also influential in coordination chemistry. The term "ligand" (from ligare Latin, to bind) was first used by Stock in 1916.^[2] H. Irving and R.J.P. Williams adopted the term in a paper published in 1948.^[3] Monodentate, bidentate, tridentate characterized the number of ligands attached to a metal. Given the introduction of ligand concept, he was also able to further derive the idea of bite angle and other aspects of chelation. Synthesis of copper(II)-tetraphenylporphine, a metal complex, from tetraphenylporphine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. ... In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule (see also: functional group) that generally donates one or more of its electrons through a coordinate covalent bond to, or shares its electrons through a covalent bond with, one or more central atoms or ions (these ligands act as a... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

The "Stock system," first pubKLished in 1919, was a means of nomenclature on binary compounds. In his own words, he considered the system to be "simple, clear, immediately intelligible, capable of the most general application." In 1924, a German commission recommended Stock system to be adopted with some accommodations. FeCl₂, which would have been named iron(2)-chloride according to Stock's original idea, became iron(II) chloride in the revised proposal. In 1934 Stock agreed to the use of Roman numerals but preferred keeping the hyphen and dropping the parentheses. Although this suggestion has not been followed, the Stock system remains in use worldwide. Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... A binary compound is a compound that contains two different elements, such as NaCl (salt). ... Roman numerals are a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. ...

Interests in mercury poisoning

He also introduced sensitive tests and devised improved laboratory techniques for dealing with mercury with minimized poisoning risk, possibly initiated by his chronic mercury poisoning in 1923. He became more vocal on protesting the mercury usage after realizing the toxicity of its organic derivatives. German dentists abandoned his warning in 1928 against copper amalgam usage. Nevertheless a paper from Fleischmann, in which removal of mercury in amalgam-related illness had led to complete recovery, supported his idea. (Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1928, No. 8). A committee was founded in Berlin to investigate cases of possible mercury intoxication and hence the term micromercurialism was first used.^[4] General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight 200. ... It has been suggested that Acrodynia be merged into this article or section. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the dental profession. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Amalgamation. ...

Retirement and death

After retirement in 1936, he moved from Karlsruhe to Berlin. He died at Aken an der Elbe, a small town near Dessau, in August 1946 at the age of 70. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Aken [] is a town in the district Köthen, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. ... Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. ...

References

1. ^ Stock A. (1933). The Hydrides of Boron and Silicon. New York: Cornell University Press. 
2. ^ For a fascinating review of the origin and dissemination of the term 'ligand' in chemistry see: W.H. Brock, K.A Jensen, C.K. Jorgensen and G.B. Kauffman, Polyhedron, 2, 1983, 1-7.
3. ^ Nature, 1948, 162, 746.
4. ^ Stock, A. "Die Gefaehrlichkeit des Quecksilberdampfes", Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie, pp. 461-466, volume 39 (1926). DOI: 10.1002/ange.19260391502.

• Egon Wiberg (1950). "Alfred Stock 1876-1946". Chemische Berichte 83 (6): XIX-LXXVI. doi:10.1002/cber.19500830619.