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An algal bloom is a relatively rapid increase in the population of (usually) phytoplankton algae in an aquatic system. Typically only one or a few species are involved and the bloom is recognized by discoloration of the water resulting from the high density of pigmented cells. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae are unlikely to be considered to be blooming unless more than 10,000 cells per millilitre occur. Algal bloom concentrations may reach millions of cells per millilitre. Colors observed are green, yellowish-brown, or red. Diagrams of some typical phytoplankton Phytoplankton refers to the autotrophic component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. ...
A seaweed (Laurencia) up close: the branches are multicellular and only about 1 mm thick. ...
The excessive growth of algae may disrupt higher links of the local food web. Algae that die and sink to the bottom stimulate growth of decomposers, especially bacteria. Decomposition can result in the depletion of oxygen in the deeper water layers, and these conditions may result in fish kills or replacement with less valuable species more tolerant of higher phosphorus and lower oxygen levels. Deoxygenation also may cause chemical changes in the mud on the bottom, lowering the redox value of the sediment, releasing chemicals and toxic gases. All these changes further accelerate the eutrophication of the aquatic ecosystem. Figure 1. ...
Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ...
Redox reactions include all chemical processes in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. ...
Eutrophication is apparent as increased turbidity in the northern part of the Caspian Sea, imaged from orbit. ...
Look up aquatic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Algal blooms may also be of concern as some species of algae produce neurotoxins. At the high concentrations reached during blooms, these may cause death if affected water is ingested. A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells, or neurons, usually by interacting with membrane proteins and ion channels. ...
 Phytoplankton bloom in the North Sea and the Skagerrak - NASA Algal blooms are monitored using biomass measurements coupled with the examination of species present. A widely-used measure of algal and cyanobacterial biomass is the chlorophyll concentration. Peak values of chlorophyll a for an oligotrophic lake are about 1-10 µg/l, while in a eutrophic lake they can reach 300 µg/l. In cases of hypereutrophy, such as Hartbeespoort Dam in South Africa, maxima of chlorophyll a can be as high as 3,000 µg/l (Zohary and Roberts, 1990; Bartram et al., 1999). Phytoplankton bloom in the North Sea and the Skagerrak - NASA File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Phytoplankton bloom in the North Sea and the Skagerrak - NASA File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. ...
An Oligotrophic refers to any environment which offers little to sustain life. ...
Eutrophication is apparent northern part of the Caspian Sea as imaged from orbit. ...
Red tide Main article: Red tide A red tide off the coast of La Jolla, California. ...
The so-called red tide is an example of a naturally occurring estuarine or marine algal bloom. Red tide is caused by species of dinoflagellates, often present in sufficient numbers (thousands or millions of cells per milliliter) to turn the water red or brown. Classes Dinophyceae Noctiluciphyceae Syndiniophyceae The dinoflagellates are a large group of flagellate protists. ...
Black water So-called black water is a dark discoloration of sea water, first described in the Bay of Florida in January 2002 [1]. Although fishermen in Florida complained and requested that the "government do something", scientists say that black water results from a non-toxic algal bloom, probably of diatoms. It dissipated within a few months by transport through the Florida Keys into the Florida Straits and by disruption by winds and wave action. Diatoms are a major group of eukaryotic algae, and are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. ...
Palm trees in Islamorada The Florida Keys are an archipelago or cluster of about 1700 islands in the extreme southeast of the United States. ...
Water treatment Algal blooms sometimes occur in drinking water supplies. In such cases, toxins from the bloom can survive standard water purifying treatments. Researchers at Florida International University in Miami are experimenting with using 640-kilohertz ultrasound waves that create micropressure zones as hot as 3,700° C. This breaks some water molecules into reactive fragments that can kill algae (Song et al., 2005). Florida International University State University System of Florida FAMU FAU FGCU FIU FSU NCF UCF UF UNF USF UWF Florida International University (FIU) is a state-run university in Miami-Dade County, Florida, well-known for its creative writing, hospitality management, international business, and management information systems programs. ...
This article is about the city in Florida. ...
A baby in its mothers womb, viewed in a sonogram Ultrasound is sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing, approximately 20 kilohertz/20,000 hertz. ...
See also This page is about the oceanic phenomenon; see The Dead Zone for the novel by Stephen King. ...
Chemical structure of Domoic acid Domoic acid, also called Amnesic Shellfish Poison (ASP), is an amino acid phycotoxin (algal toxin) found associated with certain algal blooms [1]. 1958, domoic acid was originally isolated from the Red alga called Doumoi or Hanayanagi (Chondria armata [2]) in Japan;Doumoi is used as...
References - Bartram, J., Wayne W. Carmichael, Ingrid Chorus, Gary Jones, and Olav M. Skulberg. 1999. Chapter 1. Introduction, In: Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management. World Health Organization. URL: WHO
- Song W., Teshiba T., Rein K., and O'Shea K. E. 2005 (In press). Ultrasonically induced degradation and detoxification of microcystin-LR (cyanobacterial toxin). Environmental Science & Technology. Abstract.
- Zohary, T. and R. D. Roberts. 1990. Hyperscums and the population dynamics of Microcystis aeruginosa. J. Plankton Res., 12: 423.
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