NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Algerian Arabic

Algerian Arabic is the dialect or dialects of Arabic native to Algeria. In Algeria, as elsewhere, spoken Arabic differs very substantially from written Arabic; Algerian Arabic has a substantially changed vocabulary with many new words and many words from Berber, Turkish, and French, and, like all Arabic dialects, has dropped the case endings of the written language. Within Algerian Arabic itself, there are significant local variations; Jijel Arabic, in particular, is noteworthy for its pronunciation of qaf as kaf and its profusion of Berber loanwords, and certain ports' dialects show influence from Andalusi Arabic brought by refugees from al-Andalus. Algerian Arabic is part of the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum, and fades into Moroccan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic along the respective borders. A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ... The Afro-Asiatic languages constitute a language family (Languages of Africa) with about 375 languages (SIL estimate) and more than 300 million speakers spread throughout North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, and Southwest Asia (including some 200 million speakers of Arabic). ... 14th century BC diplomatic letter in Akkadian, found in Tell Amarna. ... 14th century BC diplomatic letter in Akkadian, found in Tell Amarna. ... 12th century Hebrew Bible script The Semitic languages are a family of languages spoken by more than 250 million people across much of the Middle East, where they originated, and North and East Africa. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Writing systems of the world today. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing languages such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and others. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... Arabic redirects here. ... The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ... A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one language from another with little or no translation. ... Andalusi Arabic was a dialect of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus, the regions of Spain under Muslim rule. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... Maghrebi Arabic is a cover term for the dialects of Arabic spoken in the Maghreb, including Western Sahara, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya. ... A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater. ... Moroccan Arabic, also known as Darija, is the language spoken in the Arabic-speaking areas of Morocco, as opposed to the official communications of governmental and other public bodies which use Modern Standard Arabic, as is the case in most Arabic-speaking countries, while a mixture of French and Moroccan... Tunisian Arabic is a Maghrebi dialect of the Arabic language, spoken by some 9 million people. ...

According to the Ethnologue, there are two forms of Algerian Arabic: Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ...

Algerian Spoken Arabic: Currently spoken by an estimated 26 million people roughly (as 2005) in Algeria, and by an estimated 2 million in other countries where Algerians have emigrated. These include Belgium, France, Germany, UK, Canada, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Motto: A Mare Labor(Latin) From the Sea, Work[] Anthem: La Marseillaise Capital (and largest city) Saint-Pierre Official languages French Government - President of the General Council StÃ©phane Artano - PrÃ©fet (Prefect) Yves Fauqueur CollectivitÃ© doutre-mera of France - ceded by the UKe 30 May 1814 - Territoire d...

Algerian Arabic vocabulary is pretty much similar throughout Algeria, although the Easterners sound closer to Tunisians while the Westerners speak an Arabic closer to that of the Moroccans.

Algerian Saharan Spoken Arabic: Spoken by an estimated 100,000 people in Algeria, predominantly along the Moroccan border with the Atlas mountains range. It is also spoken by about 10,000 people in neighbouring Niger. It is structurally different to Arabic. Map showing the location of the Atlas Mountains (colored red) across North Africa The Atlas Mountains (Arabic: â€Ž) are a mountain range in northwest Africa extending about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and including The Rock of Gibraltar. ...

The classification of both of these is Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic. Map showing the distribution of Afro-Asiatic languages The Afro-Asiatic languages are a language family of about 240 languages and 285 million people widespread throughout North Africa, East Africa, the Sahel, and Southwest Asia. ... In linguistics and ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical Shem, Hebrew: ×©×, translated as name, Arabic: Ø³Ø§Ù…) was first used to refer to a language family of largely Middle Eastern origin, now called the Semitic languages. ...

The Berber languages (Tamazight) are also used in Algeria and nearby countries. The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ... Afro-Asiatic - Berber The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ...

Phonology

Note that Algerian Arabic is particularly rich in uvular, pharyngeal, and pharyngealized ("emphatic") sounds. The emphatic sounds are generally considered to be ṣ, ḍ, and ṭ. Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. ... A pharyngeal consonant is a type of consonant which is articulated with the root of the tongue against the pharynx. ... Pharyngealisation is a secondary feature of phonemes in a language. ... Emphatic consonant is a term widely used in Semitic linguistics to describe one of a series of obstruent consonants which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents. ...

Algerian Arabic has a distinct pronunciation and is nearly unintelligible to some Arabic speakers from the Middle East and it's heavily influenced by Berber pronunciation, it has even been argued that it's Arabic pronounced the Berber way, or with Berber Phonemes as Algerian arabic and Algerian Berber pronouciations are very close to each other. This is the same phenomenon as the one observed in the south of France where French is pronounced with Occitan_language phonemes. In human language, a phoneme is the theoretical representation of a sound. ... Occitan (IPA AmE: ), known also as Lenga dÃ²c or Langue doc (native name: occitan [1], lenga dÃ²c [2]; native nickname: la lenga nÃ²stra [3] i. ...

One of the most notable features of Algerian Arabic is the collapse of short vowels. Short /a/ and /i/ are deleted entirely in most positions, and short /u/ is either deleted or maintained only as rounding on an adjacent labial consonant. This can result in long strings of consonants (a feature shared with Berber and almost certainly derived from it). These clusters are never simplified; instead, consonants occurring between other consonants tend to syllabify, according to a sonorance hierarchy.

Long /a/, /i/ and /u/ are maintained as semi-long vowels, which are substituted for both short and long vowels in borrowings from Modern Standard Arabic. Long /a/, /i/ and /u/ also have many more allophones than in most other dialects; in particular, /i/ and /u/ show up as /e/ and /o/ in the vicinity of emphatic consonants (emphatic spreading occurs much less than in dialects such as Egyptian Arabic, for example). Egyptian Arabic (MarÄ« Ù…ØµØ±ÙŠ) is part of the Arabic macrolanguage of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. ...

Unlike in most other Arabic dialects (but, again, similar to Berber), non-emphatic /r/ and emphatic /rˁ/ are two entirely separate phonemes, almost never contrasting in related forms of a word. Original /q/ splits lexically into /q/ and /g/; for some words, both alternatives exist.

Grammar

Nouns and adjectives

Gender

Algierian arabic has two genders, Masculine and Feminine. masculine nouns and adjectives generally end with a consonant, while the feminine nouns generally end with an a (there are some exceptions, however). Note that most feminine nouns are in fact feminized versions of masculine nouns. In linguistics, grammatical gender is a morphological category associated with the expression of gender through inflection or agreement. ...

Pluralization

Contrary to Classical Arabic, Algierian arabic uses almost exclusively the broken plural for the masculine: To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In linguistics, broken plurals is a grammatical phenomenon typical in many Semitic languages of the Middle East and Ethiopia in which a singular noun is broken to form a plural by having its root consonant embedded in a different frame, rather than by merely adding a prefix or suffix to...

For the feminine, the plural is obtained either by psotfixing "-at", "-wat" (regular) or through the broken plural:

Article

The article l is indeclinable and expresses definite state of a noun of any gender and number. It is also prefixed to each of that noun's modifying adjectives.

If the word starts with one of these consonants, l is assimilated and replaced by the first consonant :

Conjugation

Conjugation is done by adding affixes (prefixes, postfixes, both or none), these suffixes change according to the tense: In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (regular alteration according to rules of grammar). ...

Negation

Algerian arabic usually expresses negation in two parts, with the particle ma attached to the verb, and one or more negative words that modify the verb or one of its arguments. For example, simple verbal negation is expressed by ma before the verb and the particle c after the verb: In linguistics, the term particle is often employed as a useful catch-all lacking a strict definition. ... Look up argument in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Other negative words (walu...etc.) are used in combination with ma to express more complex types of negation.

Verb derivation

Verb derivation is done by adding suffixes or by doubling consonants, there are two types of derivation forms : Causative, Passive. In English as in many other languages, the passive voice is the form of a transitive verb whose grammatical subject serves as the patient, receiving the action of the verb. ...

The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ...

Pronoun

Personal pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Example : « dar-na. » — "Our house." (House-our), these possessive are frequently combined with « nteε » "of" and « dial » "property" : « dar nteε-na » — "Our house.", « dar dial-kum » ...etc.

Pronouns of the verb

Demonstratives

There are three demonstratives, near-deictic ('this, these'), far-deictic ('that, those'): In pragmatics and linguistics, deixis (Greek: Î´ÎµÎ¹Î¾Î¹Ï‚ display, demonstration, or reference, the meaning point of reference in contemporary linguistics having been taken over from Chrysippus, Stoica 2,65) is a process whereby words or expressions rely absolutely on context. ...

Sample text

The text below was translated from Kabyle, In. MOULIERAS (Auguste), les fourberies de si Djeh'a. Kabyle is a Berber language (Kabyle: , , pronounced ) spoken by the Kabyle people. ...

See also

The Arabic language is classified as a Semitic language. ... Maghrebi Arabic is a cover term for the dialects of Arabic spoken in the Maghreb, including Western Sahara, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya. ... Moroccan Arabic, also known as Darija, is the language spoken in the Arabic-speaking areas of Morocco, as opposed to the official communications of governmental and other public bodies which use Modern Standard Arabic, as is the case in most Arabic-speaking countries, while a mixture of French and Moroccan... Tunisian Arabic is a Maghrebi dialect of the Arabic language, spoken by some 9 million people. ... á¸¤assÄnÄ«ya is a Bedouin dialect derived from the Arabic dialect spoken by the Beni HassÄn tribes, who extended their authority over most of the Mauritanian Sahara between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. ... Libyan Arabic is a collective term for the closely related spoken varieties of Arabic as spoken in Libya. ... % speaking Berber in each wilaya in 1966 The official language of Algeria is Arabic, as specified in its constitution since 1963. ...

External links

Categories: Languages of Algeria | Arabic languages The Arabic language is classified as a Semitic language. ... Age of the Caliphs Expansion under the Prophet Muhammad, 622-632 Expansion during the Patriarchal Caliphate, 632-661 Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750 The initial Muslim conquests (632â€“732), also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab conquests,[1] began after the death of the Islamic prophet... The Arabic language family consists of The Arabic macrolanguage (ISO 639-3 ara), including the living varieties of Arabic as well as Classical Arabic and Standard Arabic. ... Safaitic is the name given to an Old North Arabian dialect, preserved in the form of inscriptions which are written in a type of South Semitic script. ... The Lihyanites (Arabic,Ø§Ù„Ù„ØÙŠØ§Ù†ÙŠÙŠÙ† )were a tribe of northern pre-Islamic Arabia, known from Old North Arabian inscriptions dating to ca. ... The Thamud (Arabic: Ø«Ù…ÙˆØ¯) were an early Arabian people. ... Hasaitic is an Old North Arabian dialect attested in inscriptions in the al-Hasa region of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and at Mileiha. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Literary Arabic ( the Eloquent Arabic language) or Standard Arabic is the literary and standard register of Classical Arabic used in writing. ... Maghrebi Arabic is a cover term for the dialects of Arabic spoken in the Maghreb, including Western Sahara, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya. ... Moroccan Arabic, also known as Darija, is the language spoken in the Arabic-speaking areas of Morocco, as opposed to the official communications of governmental and other public bodies which use Modern Standard Arabic, as is the case in most Arabic-speaking countries, while a mixture of French and Moroccan... Tunisian Arabic is a Maghrebi dialect of the Arabic language, spoken by some 9 million people. ... Andalusian Arabic (also known as Andalusi Arabic and Spanish Arabic) was a dialect of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus, the regions of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) under Muslim rule. ... Libyan Arabic is a collective term for the closely related spoken varieties of Arabic as spoken in Libya. ... HassÄnÄ«ya is an Arabic dialect originally spoken by the Beni HassÄn Bedouin tribes, who extended their authority over most of Mauritania and the Western Sahara between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. ... Maltese is the national language of Malta[1], and an official language of the European Union. ... Siculo-Arabic was a dialect of Arabic spoken in Sicily between the ninth and the fourteenth centuries. ... Levantine Arabic (sometimes called Eastern Arabic) is a group of Arabic dialects spoken in the 100 km-wide eastern-Mediterranean coastal strip known as the Levant, i. ... Lebanese or Lebanese Arabic is the colloquial form of Arabic spoken in Lebanon. ... Syrian Arabic is the variety of Arabic spoken in Syria, classified as a Levantine dialect. ... North Syrian Arabic (Arabic: ) is the variety of Arabic spoken in Northern Syria. ... Palestinian Arabic is a Levantine Arabic dialect subgroup spoken by Palestinian Arabs. ... Probably the most divergent of all Arabic dialects is Cypriot Maronite Arabic, still spoken by most of the 130 elderly Maronite Catholics in Kormakiti (Korucam) in Northern Cyprus, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. ... Arabian Arabic is a term used to refer to several Arabic dialects and dialect-groups spoken in modern-day Saudi Arabia. ... Gulf Arabic is a variety of the Arabic language spoken around both shores of the Persian Gulf, mainly in Kuwait, eastern and central Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and parts of Oman. ... Bahrani Arabic is a dialect of the Arabic language spoken by the Bahranis Shia of Bahrain and some parts of Saudi Eastern Province, and also in Oman. ... Najdi Arabic is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in the desert regions of central and eastern Saudi Arabia. ... Hejazi Arabic is a term used to describe the variety of the Arabic language spoken in the western region of Saudi Arabia. ... Yemeni Arabic is the variety of Arabic spoken in Yemen. ... Hadhrami Arabic [also spelt (HA) is an Arabic dialect spoken by the people living in the Governorate in Yemen. ... Iraqi Arabic is a dialect of Arabic used in Iraq. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Egyptian Arabic (MarÄ« Ù…ØµØ±ÙŠ) is part of the Arabic macrolanguage of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family. ... Sudanese Arabic, as spoken throughout much of northern Sudan, is the result of a mixing of Egyptian Arabic and Arabic from the Arabian peninsula with local languages (El Rutana). ... Nigerian Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken in the furthest nothern-eastern part of Nigeria. ... Chadian Arabic is the variety of Arabic spoken in Chad. ... Khuzestani Arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken in the Iranian province of Khuzestan. ... Shirvani Arabic was a dialect of Arabic that was once spoken in what is now central and northwestern Azerbaijan (historically known as Shirvan) and Dagestan (southern Russia). ... Central Asian Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and currently facing extinction. ... The Judeo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Arabic-speaking countries; the term also refers to more or less classical Arabic written in the Hebrew script, particularly in the Middle Ages. ... // Widely used in the Jewish community during its long history there, the Moroccan dialect of Judeo-Arabic has many influences from languages other than Arabic, including Spanish (due to the close proximity of Spain), Ladino, or Judeo-Spanish, due to the influx of Sephardic refugees from Spain after the 1492... The Judeo-Yemenite language is the form of Judeo-Arabic spoken by Yemenite Jews. ... Jewish Baghdad Arabic is the Arabic dialect spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Southern Iraq. ... The Nubi language (also called Ki-Nubi) is a Sudanese Arabic-based creole language spoken in Uganda around Bombo and Kenya around Kibera by the descendants of Emin Pashas Sudanese soldiers, settled there by the British. ... Juba Arabic is a lingua franca spoken mainly in Equatoria Province in Southern Sudan, and derives its name from the town of Juba, Sudan. ...

Contents

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