The Algic (also Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) languages are an indigenous language family of North America. They are all thought to descend from Proto-Algic, a second-order proto language reconstructed using Proto-Algonquian and the attested languages Wiyot and Yurok. The word indigenous is derived from the latin word indigena, meaning nativ, indigenous, aboriginal, and has several, related meanings: The native people of a place; see the article indigenous people. ... Most languages are known to belong to language families (families hereforth). ... World map showing location of North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is the third largest continent in area and in population after Eurasia and Africa. ...

distribution of Algic languages (in red)

Most Algic languages are part of the Algonquian subfamily, which are spoken from the Rocky Mountains to New England. The Algonquian languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... Rocky Mountain National Park (photo courtesy of NPS) View of Colorado Rockies. ... Modern New England, the six northeastern-most states of the United States, indicated by red The New England region of the United States is located in the northeastern corner of the country. ...

The other Algic languages are the Yurok and Wiyot languages of northwestern California. The last known Wiyot speaker died in 1962, and Yurok is thought to have ten or fewer speakers. Yurok (also Weitspekan) is an Algic language. ... Wiyot (also Wishosk) is an extinct Algic language. ... State nickname: The Golden State Other U.S. States Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger Official languages English Area 410,000 km² (3rd)  - Land 404,298 km²  - Water 20,047 km² (4. ...

Family tree outline

1. Wiyot (a.k.a. Wishosk) (extinct)
2. Yurok (a.k.a. Weitspekan)
3. Algonquian languages (a.k.a. Algonkian)

• Arapaho (a.k.a. Arapaho-Atsina)
• Blackfoot
• Cheyenne
• Cree (a.k.a. Cree-Montagnais or Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi)
• Fox (a.k.a. Fox-Sauk-Kickapoo or Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo)
• Menominee (a.k.a. Menomimi)
• Miami-Illinois (a.k.a. Peoria) (extinct)
• Ojibwa (a.k.a. Ojibway, Ojibwe, Chippeway, Ojibwa-Potawatomi, or Ojibwa-Potawatomi-Ottawa)
• Potawatomi (a.k.a. Ojibwa-Potawatomi)
• Shawnee
• Eastern Algonquian languages
  • Eastern Abenaki (a.k.a. Abenaki or Abenaki-Penobscot)
  • Etchemin (extinct)
  • "Loup A" (a.k.a. Nipmuck ?) (extinct)
  • "Loup B" (extinct)
  • Mahican (a.k.a. Mohican) (extinct)
  • Maliseet (a.k.a. Maliseet-Passamquoddy or Malecite-Passamquoddy)
  • Massachusett (a.k.a. Natick) (extinct)
  • Micmac (a.k.a. Mi’kmaq, Mi’kmag, or Mi’kmaw)
  • Mohegan-Pequot (extinct)
  • Munsee (a.k.a. Delaware)
  • Nanticoke (a.k.a. Nanticoke-Convoy) (extinct)
  • Narragansett (extinct)
  • Pamlico (a.k.a. Carolina Algonquian, Pamtico, or Pampticough) (extinct)
  • Powhatan (a.k.a. Virginia Algonquian) (extinct)
  • Quiripi-Naugatuck-Unquachog (a.k.a. Connecticut-Naugatuck-Unquachog) (extinct)
  • Shinnecock (extinct)
  • Unami (a.k.a. Delaware or Lenape)
  • Western Abenaki (a.k.a. Abnaki, St. Francis, Abenaki, or Abenaki-Penobscot)

The two Algic languages of California, Wiyot and Yurok, have sometimes been combined into a subgroup called Ritwan (leading to a two-branch genetic tree of Ritwan and Algonquian). This grouping has been disfavored by many specialists. Wiyot and Yurok do not seem to be any more similar to each other than either language is to Algonquian languages. The Algonquian languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... Blackfoot is the name of any of the Algonquian languages spoken by the Blackfeet tribe of Native Americans, currently in the northwestern plains of North America. ... The Cheyenne language is a Native American language spoken in present_day Montana and Oklahoma, USA. It is part of the Algonquian language family. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... The Fox tribe of Native Americans are an Algonquian language-speaking group that are now merged with the allied Sac tribe as the Sac and Fox Nation. ... The Menominee language is an Algonquian language spoken on the Menominee (Menomini) Nation lands in Northern Wisconsin in the United States. ... The Miami language is a Native American language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in northern Indiana and Ohio by members of the Miami tribe. ... The Illinois language is a Native American language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in Illinois by the Illiniwek tribes. ... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... The Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie or Pottawatomi) are an Aboriginal American people of the upper Mississippi River region. ... For other meanings, see Shawnee (disambiguation). ... The Mohicans were, during the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, a functional confederation of several branches of Native Americans. ... The Maliseet (also known as Wolastoqiyik and in French also as Étchemins and Malécites) are a Native American tribe that inhabits the Saint John River valley and its tributaries, roughly overlapping the International Boundary between New Brunswick and Quebec in Canada, and Maine in the United States. ... The Mikmaq (also Míkmaq, Micmac, Migmaw; in Quebec, Migmaq) are a Canadian First Nations people indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Maritimes, and the Gaspé Peninsula of the province of Quebec. ... The Mohicans were, during the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, a functional confederation of several branches of Native Americans. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ... Nanticoke is the name of two places in the United States: Nanticoke in New York Nanticoke in Pennsylvania This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Nahahigansek Soveriegn Nation people live in Narragansett Bay as well as in present-day Rhode Island, Connecticut, and eastern Massachusetts. ... The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten) were a very powerful tribe of Native Americans, speaking an Algonquian language, who lived in what is now Virginia at the time of the first European-Native encounters. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ... Abenaki wigwam with birch bark covering The Abenaki (also Wabanaki) are a tribe of Native Americans belonging to the Algonquian peoples of the Northeast portion of North America. ...

Within the Algonquian subfamily there is a smaller genetic grouping of the Eastern Algonquian languages. The other (non-Eastern) Algonquian languages have sometimes been categorized into two smaller subgroups: Central Algonquian and Plains Algonquian. However, these two subgroups are not based on genetic relationship but are rather areal subgroups. (See Algonquian.) The Algonquian languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ...

Bibilography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-1604-8774-9.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978-present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).