A pseudonym (Greek pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a person's true name. Pseudo is a prefix of Greek origin. ... Words in English with the suffix -onym (from the Greek onoma which means name) refer to words with a particular property. ... For other senses of this word, see name (disambiguation). ...

In most legal systems, a name assumed for a nonfraudulent purpose is a legal name and usable as the person's true name, which is however preferred or required for various official purposes. The most common example is when a woman assumes her husband's surname without resorting to the formal statutory process (i.e. by petitioning a court; a few American states have a statutory provision for recording a new name at marriage.) Note that in some States only the given and surnames form the legal name; middle names are not technically part of the person's legal name. A pseudonym is distinct from an allonym, which is the name of another actual person, usually historical, assumed by someone in authorship of a work of art; such as when ghostwriting a book or play, or in parody, or when using a front such as by screenwriters blacklisted in Hollywood in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Someone who is pseudonymous is someone who is using a pseudonym. The opposite is anthroponym, meaning a full legal name or some recognisable shortened form of it such as Fred Smith for Frederick John Smith, with or without titles. This article is about a ghostwriter, the type of writer. ... Parody of Back to the Future In contemporary usage, a parody is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject. ... Screenwriters, scenarists or script writers, are authors who write the screenplays from which movies and television programs are made. ... A blacklist is a list or register of entities who, for one reason or another, are being denied a particular privilege, service, or mobility. ... ... // Recovering from World War II and its aftermath, the economic miracle emerged in West Germany and Italy. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... An anthroponym (Gk. ... Legal name is the name with which an individual is registered at birth or which appears on their birth certificate. ...

In some cases, the pseudonym has become the legal name of the person using it.

Pseudonyms in print

When used by an author, a pseudonym is also called a pen name (or in French nom de plume.) An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article or the like. ... A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. ...

Some authors use pseudonyms for a variety of reasons: for example, to experiment with a new genre without the risk of upsetting regular readers. One author may have several pseudonyms depending on the genre. This use of pseudonyms is especially common if the new genre is of a somewhat risqué nature; such was the case of Pauline Réage, the pseudonym under which an editorial secretary with a reputation of near-prudery published Histoire d'O (Story of O), an erotic novel of sadomasochism and sexual slavery. Pauline Réage, pseudonym of Anne Desclos (September 23, 1907 - April 27, 1998), was a French author. ... Cover of a French edition of Histoire dO featuring Corinne Clery One version of the Roissy triskelion ring Histoire dO (English title: Story of O ) is an erotic novel about sadomasochism by French author Anne Desclos (1907-1998) under the pen name Pauline Réage. ... Cover of a French edition of Histoire dO featuring Corinne Clery One version of the Roissy triskelion ring Histoire dO (English title: Story of O ) is an erotic novel about sadomasochism by French author Anne Desclos (1907-1998) under the pen name Pauline Réage. ... Eroticism is an aesthetic focused on sexual desire, especially the feelings of anticipation of sexual activity. ... Flogging demonstration at Folsom Street Fair 2004. ... Sexual slavery is a special case of slavery which includes various different practices: forced prostitution single-owner sexual slavery ritual slavery, sometimes associated with traditional religious practices slavery for primarily non-sexual purposes where sex is common or permissible In general, the nature of slavery means that the slave is...

Occasionally, a pseudonym is employed to avoid overexposure. Prolific authors for pulp magazines often had two and sometimes three short stories appearing in one issue of a magazine; the editor would create several fictitious author names so that readers would not realize this. Flynns Detective Fiction from 1941. ...

Some female authors have used male pen names to ensure that their works are taken seriously, such as Mary Ann Evans, who wrote under the pen name George Eliot. George Eliots birthplace at South Farm, Arbury George Eliot is the pen name of Mary Anne Evans[1] (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), who was an English novelist. ...

Popular authors also sometimes use pseudonyms to distinguish different types of writing. Samuel Langhorne Clemens, a famous American writer, used the aliases "Mark Twain" and "Sieur Louis de Conte." For instance, mathematician Charles Dodgson used Lewis Carroll for his fantasy fiction. Science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein set his early stories in a single future history; when he wrote stories not in this setting he used pseudonyms to avoid confusing readers. He also wrote stories under pseudonyms so that John W. Campbell could publish more of his work in his magazine at the same time. These stories were later reprinted under his real name. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910),[1] better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, writer, and lecturer. ... Lewis Carroll. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of hard science fiction. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

In some forms of fiction, the pseudonym adopted is actually the name of the lead character, so as to suggest the book might be an autobiography of some sort. Daniel Handler did this by using the pseudonym Lemony Snicket to make his books appear to be records of the lives of the Baudelaires. Alternately, a pseudonym could allow additional books to be credited to the original writer of a series, even though that writer is no longer involved. Such was the case with The Saint adventure series of the 1920s-80s which saw numerous volumes credited to Leslie Charteris long after the author had retired from writing the series. Another example of this is the Nick Carter series of spy novels of the 1960s-80s which featured a number of writers (including Michael Avallone) credited as Carter. Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970 in San Francisco), is an American author, screenwriter, and accordionist. ... Lemony Snicket is a pseudonym used by author Daniel Handler in his childrens book series A Series of Unfortunate Events, as well as a character in that series. ... An artists conception of Simon Templar as seen on the cover of a 1983 omnibus edition collecting several early Saint books. ... Leslie Charteris (May 12, 1907, Singapore–April 15, 1993) was born Leslie Charles Bowyer-Yin, to a Chinese father and an English mother. ... Nick Carter is the name of a popular fictional detective who first appeared in dime novels published by Street & Smith in the 1890s. ... The first novel, by Michael Avallone, one of dozens of TV tie-ins he would write. ...

Pseudepigraphy, a particular form of pseudonym or pen name, is the technique of adopting the name of well-known figures as the publicly ascribed author on whom the actual writers attempt to pass off their work — typically to attain greater interest or credibility or pious tradition. It was traditionally employed in the Western world from Hellenistic times all the way up to the Middle Ages, particularly in theology and scripture. Examples include Pseudo-Dionysius or, according to liberal scholars, the ascribed Solomonic authorship of the Song of Songs. The term Western World or the West can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... The Hellenistic period (4th - 1st c. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and gods. ... Many religions and spiritual movements hold certain written texts (or series of spoken legends not traditionally written down) to be sacred. ... Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite is the name scholars have given to an anonymous theologian and philosopher of the 5th century, who wrote a collection of books (Corpus Areopagiticum) falsely ascribed to the Dionysius mentioned in Acts 17:34. ... King Solomon Latin name (Hebrew: שְׁלֹמֹה, (Shlomo) Standard Tibe88rian ; Arabic: سليمان, Sulayman; all essentially meaning peace) is a figure described in Middle Eastern scriptures as a wise ruler of an empire centred on the united Kingdom of Israel. ... Song of Solomon is also the title of a novel by Toni Morrison. ...

A pseudonym may also be used to protect the writer, as in the case of Andy McNab, the former SAS soldier famous for his book about a failed SAS mission titled Bravo Two Zero. (However, some critics have suggested that the primary motivation here may have been to boost the mystique of the SAS to help market McNab's books.) Ibn Warraq has been used by dissident Muslim authors. Andy McNab (born December 28, 1959) is a British former soldier turned novelist. ... The Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) is the principal special forces unit of the British Army. ... Bravo Two Zero (B20) was the name popularly given to an eight-man British Special Air Service patrol that was tasked with finding Iraqi Scud missile launchers during the Gulf War. ... Ibn Warraq is the bestselling author of several books on Islam. ...

Regnal name

In many monarchies, the prince starting his reign chooses his official name (regnal name) to be used hence, which may differ from his (birth) name till then; sometimes he selects one of his existing names, sometimes a completely different one. The same is true of the newly elected Pope, where it fits just as well in the monastic tradition of choosing a new religious name when entering orders. A Reign is a period of time a person serves as a monarch or pope. ... A regnal name, or reign name, is a formal name used by some popes and monarchs during their reigns. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ...

The choice of an existing name may simply be a matter of tradition or intend to honour a specific predecessor, and/or emphasize the hereditary legitimity of succession, or may actually convey a programme or intention.

Nom de guerre

Pseudonyms are adopted by resistance fighters, terrorists and guerrillas often to make enquiries more difficult, to create and maintain an aura of mystery, and to protect their families from reprisal, although other reasons often may exist. The expression nom de guerre (/näm-di-ger/, "name of war") is often used for such pseudonyms, though this expression is rarely, if ever, actually used in French. It is occasionally used as a stylish substitute for nom de plume. A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to fighting an invader in an occupied country through either the use of physical force, or nonviolence. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A pen name or nom de plume is a pseudonym adopted by an author. ...

Noms de guerre were frequently adopted by recruits in the French Foreign Legion as part of the break with their past lives. Pseudonyms used by some members of the French resistance were integrated into their last names after World War II; for instance, Jacques Delmas, alias Chaban, became Jacques Chaban-Delmas. Legionnaire (film) The French Foreign Legion (French: Légion étrangère) is a unique elite unit within the French Army established in 1831. ... The French Resistance is the name used for resistance movements during World War II which fought the German occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy regime, and was a vital and some say decisive factor in the defeat of Hitler and the Nazi revolution. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Jacques Chaban-Delmas, French politician Jacques Chaban-Delmas (March 7, 1915–November 10, 2000) was a French Gaullist politician. ...

Another famous nom de guerre is Willy Brandt, adopted in 1934 by a German resistance fighter named Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm who had fled Germany for Norway. After his return to Germany, he had the name Willy Brandt officially recognised. He later became mayor of West Berlin, West German foreign minister and West German chancellor. Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992) was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 – 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 – 1987. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Boroughs of West Berlin West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... West Germany was the informal but almost universally used name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ...

Within Communist parties and Trotskyist organisations, noms de guerre are usually known as party names or cadre names. This took hold because revolutionaries were often persecuted by states (and also, in the case of Trotskyists, by pro-Soviet communist parties). In modern usage, a communist party is a political party which promotes communism, the sociopolitical ideology based on Marxism. ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution. ... A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ...

In the novel The Three Musketeers, the musketeers of the title use the pseudonyms Athos, Porthos and Aramis instead of their real names, Le Comte de la Fère, M. du Vallon, and Chevalier d'Herblay, respectively. For other uses, see The Three Musketeers (disambiguation). ...

Some of the more famous noms de guerre include:

• Carlos the Jackal for Ilich Ramírez Sánchez
• Abu Ammar for Yasser Arafat
• Abu Ala for Palestinian leader Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei
• Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi possibly for Jordanian terrorist Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh
• Abu Nour for Sunni Islamist terrorist Abdullah Rashid al-Baghdadi, head of the Mujahideen Shura Council and lead captor of journalist Jill Carroll

Some famous Communist Party names include: Ilich Ramírez Sánchez (born October 12, 1949) is a Venezuelan-born terrorist and mercenary. ... Yasser Arafat in 1999 Yasser Arafat (August 4 or August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born Muhammad `Abd ar-Rauf al-Qudwa al-Husayni (Arabic محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الح&#1587... Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني; August 1929 - November 11, 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( Yāsir `Arafāt) and by the kunya Abu `Ammar (أبو عمّار AbÅ« `Ammār), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004) and President[2] of the Palestinian National Authority... Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia), also known as Abu Alaa, was the Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council and is currently Prime Minister and holds the security portfolio of the Palestinian Authority. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi Lotter... Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia), also known as Abu Alaa, was the Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council and is currently Prime Minister and holds the security portfolio of the Palestinian Authority. ... Wikinews has news related to: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi killed in airstrike Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (Arabic: ‎, ) (October 20, 1966 – June 7, 2006) led Al-Qaeda in Iraq until his death in June 2006. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... This article is about political Islamism. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Jill Carroll appeared in a video released by the terrorist group Brigades of Vengeance Jill C. Carroll (born October? 1977) is an American journalist, currently employed by the Christian Science Monitor. ...

• Fahd
• Lenin
• Trotsky
• Freddie Forest (Raya Dunayevskaya) and J.R. Johnson (CLR James).
• Stalin
• Tito
• Ho Chi Minh

Yusuf Salman Yusuf (aka Comrade Fahd, 1901-1949) was a prominent leader of the Iraqi Communist Party. ... Lenin redirects here. ... 1915 passport photo of Trotsky Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Trotskii, Trotski, Trotzky) (October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 - August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (&#1051... Raya Dunayevskaya (1910 – 1987) was a Ukrainian born immigrant to the United States of America who was a member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). ... Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901–19 May 1989) was a journalist, and a prominent socialist theorist and writer. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვი&#4314... Josip Broz Tito (May 7, 1892 - May 4, 1980) was the ruler of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... Hồ Chí Minh   (Chu nho: 胡志明, May 19, 1890 – September 2, 1969) was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman, who later became Prime Minister (1946–1955) and President (1955–1969) of North Vietnam. ...

The origin of “nom de guerre”

The assigning and adopting of noms de guerre was a long standing tradition in the French army; it certainly existed before 1651. In 1716 the practice became more formalised and the French army required all regular soldiers to have a nom de guerre. The names could be arrived at through the choice of the soldier, or perhaps the soldier’s company captain. Some of the naming practices adopted by particular companies enabled the men to be identifiable as members of their companies, much like a serial number: Practices such as assigning men the names of vegetables (the Company of Casaux of the Régiment de Boulonnois-infantrie, between 1764 to 1768) existed.

These names would be retained by the soldiers when they left service and would often be passed on to their wives and children. It is important to understand the old French practice of assigning Noms de guerre when tracing French family histories.

Name in religion

In the tradition of various Roman Catholic religious orders and congregations, members abandon their birthname (for women, e.g. in the Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls, this reflects the mystical marriage as bride of Christ) to assume a new, often unrelated, devotional name, often referring to an admired saint. Catholic religious orders (Religious Institutes, cf. ... Mystical marriage is a term equating the intimacy of a mystical relationship, as between a Christian mystic and God, with the natural intimicay between marital partners. ... Ecclesia (or Ekklesia) in Christian theology denotes both a particular body of faithful people, and the whole body of the faithful. ...

Radio

When used by a radio operator, a pseudonym is a handle, especially in Citizens' band radio. Professional names are also common in radio broadcasting. A typical CB base station. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Marketing Note: broadcasting is also a term for hand sowing. ...

Computers

For a person using a computer, a pseudonym is also a handle, a user name, login name, avatar or, sometimes, screen name, nick or nickname. Example of an avatar as used on internet forums. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In online gaming clans, especially first person shooter games, in the demoscene, or in a distributed computing project using Internet-connected computers, users or players often create a "clan name" when joining. Often they add the "clan tag" to their existing nick, but some create a new name altogether. Clan tags have been used both before, and after the individual name. The demoscene is a computer art subculture that specializes itself on producing demos, non-interactive audio-visual presentations, which are run real-time on a computer. ... Distributed computing is a programming paradigm focusing on designing distributed, open, scalable, transparent, fault tolerant systems. ...

• Hunter{FLP}
• [EW]Bob
• KWSN - Sir Chris @ GNA
• KWSN - Migratory Coconuts
• KWSN - Sir Taomyn
• VestiUn-L337

See Computer Gaming Clans

In computer and video gaming, a clan or guild is a group of players who regularly play together in a particular (or various different) multiplayer games. ...

Pseudonyms in entertainment

When used by an actor, performer or model (person), a pseudonym is a stage name or screen name. In professional wrestling, and sometimes in other combat sports such as mixed martial arts, a pseudonym is a ring name. Actors in period costume sharing a joke while waiting between takes during location filming An actor is a person who acts, or plays a role, in a dramatic production. ... Photograph of the once famous model Dovima A model is a person who poses or displays for purposes of art, fashion, or other products and advertising. ... A stage name, or a screen name, is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers (such as actors, comedians, musicians, and clowns) Performers take stage names for many reasons, often because their real name is considered unattractive, dull, unintentionally amusing, already used, difficult to pronounce or spell, or projects the... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Mixed martial arts (commonly referred to as MMA) is a combat sport in which two competitors attempt to defeat each other by potentially utilizing a wide variety of fighting techniques, including striking and grappling. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Actors — and others in show business — rarely use a pseudonym to disguise themselves. Actors who are members of a less-privileged ethnic or religious group have often adopted stage names, typically changing their surname or entire name to mask their original background — as has been done in other fields as well. This phenomenon was common in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century, as ethnic minorities began to attain a greater role in acting and films, yet social trends had not yet reached the point where such minorities would be accepted with their original non-mainstream identity. Popular Jewish comedian and "Daily Show" host Jon Stewart was born Jonathan Stewart Leibowitz. When asked why he dropped Leibowitz in a "60 Minutes" interview, Stewart sardonically explained that it "sounded too Hollywood". (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... Not to be confused with John Stewart, Jonnie Stewart or John Stuart. ...

John Wayne, building a reputation as a tough guy, felt that his given name, Marion Morrison, did not connote the image he sought to assume. Stan Laurel, born Arthur Stanley Jefferson, was apparently happy to be known as Stan Jefferson until he realised that it had thirteen letters. Famous poet and singer Jim Morrison used the pseudonym "Lizard King" and the anagram Mr. Mojo Risin. Paul McCartney sometimes checked into hotels as Paul Ramon, after which The Ramones named themselves. John Wayne (May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), born Marion Robert Morrison, popularly known as Duke, was an iconic, Academy Award winning, American film actor whose career began in silent movies in the 1920s. ... Arthur Stanley Jefferson (June 16, 1890 – February 23, 1965), better known as Stan Laurel was a comic actor, writer and director, famous as part of the comedy double act Laurel and Hardy, whose career stretched from the silent films of the early 20th Century until post-World War II. // Laurel... Look up triskaidekaphobia, paraskavedekatriaphobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An anagram (Greek ana- = back or again, and graphein = to write) is a type of word play, the result of rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce other words, using all the original letters exactly once. ... The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group[1][2]. After forming in Forest Hills, Queens, New York in 1974, they performed and played 2,263 concerts[2], touring virtually non-stop for 22 years until disbanding in 1996 after a final tour...

In many cases, a screen name was constructed simply because a studio executive did not like the actor's real name. Creighton Tull Chaney did not succeed until after he adopted the pseudonym Lon Chaney, Jr., a reference to his famous father Lon Chaney, Sr. Today, the most common reason for a performer to adopt a pseudonym is that someone else has already achieved fame with that name. Performing arts guilds (SAG, WGA, AFTRA, etc.) enforce rules on the use of names formerly registered for credits, generally refusing to allow an identical name to be used again. A notable example is Michael J. Fox, who added the "J" upon joining SAG due to Michael Fox already being registered. Lon Chaney, Jr. ... Lon Chaney, Sr. ... The performing arts include theater, motion pictures, drama, comedy, music, dance, opera, magic and the marching arts, such as brass bands, etc. ... A guild is an association of persons of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards of morality or conduct. ... SAG in your may refer to: Screen Actors Guild([1]) Seoul Auto Gallery([2]) SAG Electronics([3]) Society of Australian Genealogists([4]) Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero([5]) This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title. ... The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ... The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) is an actors union that aims to represent actors in radio and television, much like the Screen Actors Guild does for movies. ... For other persons named Michael Fox, see Michael Fox (disambiguation). ... SAG in your may refer to: Screen Actors Guild([1]) Seoul Auto Gallery([2]) SAG Electronics([3]) Society of Australian Genealogists([4]) Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero([5]) This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title. ...

A special case is the name Alan Smithee, which was used until 1998 (and is still occasionally used) by directors in the DGA to remove their name from a film they feel was edited or modified beyond their artistic satisfaction. Many productions over the years have been credited to the name, which is also occasionally used for in-flight versions or telecasts. Alan Smithee, Allen Smithee, Alan Smythee, and Adam Smithee are pseudonyms used between 1968 and 1999 by Hollywood film directors who wanted to be dissociated from a film for which they no longer wanted credit. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... DGA may refer to: Directors Guild of America, a motion picture industry labor union Deck Guardrail Australia, an Australian company specialising in fall protection products Délégation Générale pour lArmement, a French weaponry organization Democratic Governors Association, a Democratic Party-affiliated organization of U.S. state...

In some cases, a stage name is intended to separate the public persona from the private life. But while keeping a real name for private use may help one go unrecognized in public, it can rarely be kept entirely secret and may become an item of gossip in itself.

In the music world, pseudonyms have been used to allow artists to collaborate with artists on other labels while avoiding the need to gain permission from their own labels. George Harrison, for example, played guitar on Cream's song "Badge" (which he also co-wrote with Eric Clapton). He was credited on the recording as "L'Angelo Mysterioso" ("The Mysterious Angel"). This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cream was a 1960s British supergroup which featured guitarist Eric Clapton, bassist Jack Bruce, and drummer Ginger Baker. ... The famous Clapton is God graffiti Eric Patrick Clapton CBE (born March 30, 1945), nicknamed Slowhand, is a Grammy Award winning English guitarist, singer and composer, who is one of the most respected and influential musicians of the 20th century[1], garnering an unprecedented three inductions into the Rock and...

Most hip hop artists prefer to use a pseudonym that represents some variation of their name, personality, or interests. Prime examples include Ol' Dirty Bastard (who was known under at least six aliases), Diddy (formerly known as P. Diddy, and Puff Daddy), Ludacris, LL Cool J, and Chingy. See List of hip hop musicians. Russell Tyrone Jones (November 15, 1968 – November 13, 2004) was an American rapper known by the stage name Ol Dirty Bastard (often shortened to ODB by mainstream media). ... Sean John Combs (born November 4, 1969[1]) is an American entertainment mogul, record producer, actor and rapper. ... Christopher Brian Bridges (born on September 11, 1977 in Champaign, Illinois), better known as Ludacris, is a rapper and actor. ... James Todd Smith III (born January 14, 1968), better known as LL Cool J, is an American hip hop artist and actor. ... Chingy (born Howard Bailey, Jr. ... See also: List of rappers This is a list of DJs, producers, and groups that create, record, and/or perform hip hop music. ...

Other pseudonyms

Others in public life have adopted pseudonyms for many reasons. From the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, it was established practice for political articles to be signed with pseudonyms, the most famous American example being the pen name Publius, used by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, in writing The Federalist Papers. Malcolm X, the civil rights campaigner, (born Malcolm Little), adopted the 'X' to represent his unknown African ancestral name. Many Jewish politicians re-adopted Hebrew family names on return to Israel, dropping westernized versions that may have been in the family for generations. David Ben Gurion, for example, was born David Grün in Poland. He adopted his Hebrew name in 1910, when he published his first article in a zionist journal in Jerusalem. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Title page of an early Federalist compilation. ... Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 — July 12, 1804) was an American politician, leading statesman, financier, intellectual, and military officer. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836), an American politician and fourth President of the United States of America (1809–1817), was one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... John Jay (December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, writer, and a jurist. ... Title page of an early Federalist compilation. ... Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, also known as Detroit Red and Al-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Omaha, Nebraska, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 in New York City) was a Muslim Minister and National Spokesman for the Nation of Islam. ... ... Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushalayim) (Standard) Yerushalayim or Yerushalaim Arabic commonly القـُدْس (Al-Quds); officially in Israel أورشليم القدس (Urshalim-Al-Quds) Name Meaning Hebrew: (see below), Arabic: The Holiness Government City District Jerusalem Population 724,000 (2006) Jurisdiction 123,000 dunams (123 km²) Mayor Uri Lupolianski Web Address www. ...

Famous pseudonyms of people who were neither authors nor actors include:

• Le Corbusier, the architect, was Charles Édouard Jeanneret.
• Aphex Twin, prolific IDM artist Richard D. James, who uses up to 11 other different names on various releases.
• Alan Smithee is a name commonly used by directors who want to disown their own movie.
• George Spelvin and Georgina Spelvin are names used in American theater when the actor playing the part is unknown at printing time, wishes to remain anonymous, or the part is double cast or played by an actor who plays more than one character in the cast.
• Luther Blissett is a shared pseudonym often used for activist and artistic purposes, especially in the Italian art scene.
• David Agnew is used on BBC programmes where a writer's name cannot be used for contractual reasons.
• Nicolas Bourbaki was a famous pseudonym for a group of mathematicians.
• Student was William Sealey Gosset, discoverer of Student's t-distribution in statistics.
• Hambali is Riduan Isamuddin, the leader of Jemaah Islamiah, a terrorist group; he was born Encep Nurjaman
• Edward Gorey had dozens of pseudonyms, each one an anagram of his real name.
• Jim McKay is the professional name of American sportscaster James Kenneth McManus.

On the internet, pseudonymous remailers utilising cryptography can be used to achieve persistent pseudonymity, so that two-way communication can be achieved, and reputations can be established without linking a physical identity to a pseudonym. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, widely known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887– August 27, 1965), was a French Swiss born architect, famous for his contributions to what is now called modernism, or the International Style. ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An Architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... Aphex Twin (Richard David James, born August 18, 1971 in Limerick, Ireland) is an electronic music artist, credited with pushing forward the genres of techno, ambient, acid, and drum and bass. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Alan Smithee, Allen Smithee, Alan Smythee, and Adam Smithee are pseudonyms used between 1968 and 1999 by Hollywood film directors who wanted to be dissociated from a film for which they no longer wanted credit. ... The film director, on the right, gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, whilst filming a costume drama on location in London. ... George Spelvin and Georgina Spelvin are the traditional pseudonyms used in programs in American theatre by actors who dont want to be credited or whose names would otherwise appear twice because they are playing more than one role in a production. ... Georgina Spelvin (born January 3, 1936)is a former American pornographic film actress. ... Likeness of Luther Blissett produced by Wu Ming Luther Blissett is a multiple identity, a nom de plume that anyone is welcome to use for activist and artistic endeavour. ... David Agnew is a pseudonym that was traditionally used on BBC television drama programmes in the 1970s where a writers name could not be used for contractual reasons, for example where a script editor had written an episode of his or her own programme, or when a writer had... The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is one of the largest broadcasting corporations in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the UK alone and with a budget of more than £4 billion. ... Nicolas Bourbaki is the collective allonym under which a group of mainly French 20th-century mathematicians wrote a series of books presenting an exposition of modern advanced mathematics, beginning in 1935. ... Students attending a lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stÅ­dÄ“rÄ•, meaning to direct ones zeal at; hence a student is one who directs zeal at a subject. ... William Sealy Gosset (June 13, 1876 – October 16, 1937) was a chemist and statistician, better known by his pen name Student. ... In probability and statistics, the t-distribution or Students t-distribution is a probability distribution that arises in the problem of estimating the mean of a normally distributed population when the sample size is small. ... Template:Otherusescccc A graph of a bell curve in a normal distribution showing statistics used in educational assessment, comparing various grading methods. ... Riduan Isamuddin Riduan Isamuddin (also transliterated as Riduan Isamudin, Riduan Isomuddin, and Riduan Isomudin, better known by the nom de guerre Hambali, born as Encep Nurjaman, born April 4, 1966) was the leader of the Indonesian terrorist organization Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), which allegedly has a partership with Al Qaeda. ... Jemaah Islamiyah, sometimes rendered Jemaah Islamiah, is a militant Islamic separatist movement, suspected of killing hundreds of civilians, dedicated to the establishment of a fundamentalist Islamic state in Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, and the south of Thailand and the Philippines. ... Edward St. ... An anagram (Greek ana- = back or again, and graphein = to write) is a type of word play, the result of rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce other words, using all the original letters exactly once. ... James Kenneth McManus, better known by his professional name of Jim McKay (born September 24, 1921 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), is an American television sports journalist. ... A pseudonymous remailer or nym server, as opposed to an anonymous remailer, is an Internet software program designed to allow people to write anonymous messages on Usenet newsgroups and send anonymous email under a pseudonym. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write) is the study of message secrecy. ... Pseudonymity is a word derived from pseudonym, meaning false name, and describes a state of disguised identity resulting from the use of a pseudonym (also called nym). ... Identity theft is a term first emerging in U.S. literature circa 1996. ...

See also

• -onym
• A. N. Other
• Anonymity
• John Doe
• List of pseudonyms
• Nickname
• Personally identifiable information
• Pseudonymity
• Ring name
• Secret identity
• Stage name
• List of French phrases used by English speakers

Words in English with the suffix -onym (from the Greek onoma which means name) refer to words with a particular property. ... A. N. Other is a pseudonym used by a person wishing to remain anonymous. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In the United States, the name John Doe is typically used as a placeholder name for a male party in a legal action or legal discussion whose true identity is unknown or is intended to be anonymous. ... This article gives a list of pseudonyms, in various categories. ... // A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Bob, Rob, Robby, Robbie, Robi, Robin, Bobby, Rab, Rabbie, Bert, Bertie, Butch, Bobbers, Bobert, Beto, Bobadito, and Robban (in Sweden), are all nicknames for Robert). ... In information security and privacy, personally identifiable information or personally identifying information (PII) is any piece of information which can potentially be used to uniquely identify, contact, or locate a single person. ... Pseudonymity is a word derived from pseudonym, meaning false name, and describes a state of disguised identity resulting from the use of a pseudonym (also called nym). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses of this term, please see Secret identity (disambiguation). ... A stage name, or a screen name, is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers (such as actors, comedians, musicians, and clowns) Performers take stage names for many reasons, often because their real name is considered unattractive, dull, unintentionally amusing, already used, difficult to pronounce or spell, or projects the... It has been suggested that List of French phrases be merged into this article or section. ...

External links

• An extensive list of pseudonyms
• Another list of pseudonyms
• The U.S. copyright status of pseudonyms