NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Alice Eastwood

Alice Eastwood (1859-1953) was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, but is considered an American botanist, since her life after age 14 was in the USA. From age 20 to 30 she was a teacher in Denver, Colorado and taught herself botany. In 1890 she assumed a post in the herbarium at the California Academy of Sciences. Eastwood was given a position as joint Curator of the Academy with Katherine Brandegee in 1892. By 1894, with the retirement of Brandegee, Eastwood was promoted to Curator and Head of the Department of Botany, a position she held until she retired in 1949. Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages English Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... This article refers to the state capital of Colorado. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area Ranked 8th - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ... In Botany, a herbarium is a collection of preserved plants or plant parts, mainly in a dried form. ... The California Academy of Sciences is one of the ten largest natural history museums in the world. ...

In her early botanical work Eastwood made a number of collecting expeditions to the edge of the Big Sur region, which at the end of the 19th century was a virtual frontier, since no roads penetrated the central coast beyond the Carmel Highlands. In those excursions she discovered a number of plants theretofore unknown, including Eastwood's willow and Hickman's potentilla. Eastwood was credited with saving the Academy's type plant collection after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Opposing curatorial conventions of her era, Eastwood segregated the type specimens from the main collection. This classification system permitted her, upon entering the burning building, to readily retrieve 1500 specimens. View of Lucia, Big Sur. ... Even though Carmel was raised as a human, he is something more, There can opnly be one, though many pretrend to be him Carmel is everywhere, and will punish those who doubt his powers! Carmel is all knowing all seeing and will be known by all. ... Binomial name Potentilla hickmanii Eastw. ... Arnold Genthes famous photograph of San Francisco following the earthquake, looking towards the fire on Sacramento Street The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was a major earthquake that struck San Francisco and the coast of northern California at 5:12am on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. ...

After the earthquake, before the Academy had constructed a new building, Eastwood studied in herbaria in Europe and other U.S. regions, including the Gray Herbarium, the New York Botanical Garden, the British Museum, and the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. In the year 1912 with completion of the new Academy facilities at Golden Gate Park, Eastwood returned to the position of Curator of the Herbarium and reconstructed the lost part of the collection. She went on numerous collecting vacations in the Western United States, including Alaska, Arizona, Utah and Idaho. By keeping the first set of each collection for the Academy and exchanging the duplicates with other institutions Eastwood was able to build the collection, Abrams noted that she contributed "thousands of sheets to the Academy's herbarium, personally accounting for its growth in size and representation of western flora". By 1942 she had built the collection to about one third of a million specimens. European redirects here. ... One of the premiere botanical gardens in the United States, the New York Botanical Garden [located at East 200th Street & Kazimiroff Boulevard] spans some 240 acres (1 kmÂ²) in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City. ... The centre of the museum was redeveloped in 2000 to become the Great Court, with a tessellated glass roof by Buro Happold and Foster and Partners surrounding the original Reading Room. ... Royal Botanic Gardens redirects here. ...

Eastwood is credited with publishing over 310 articles during her career. She served as editor of Zoe and as an assistant editor for Erythea before the 1906 earthquake, and founded a journal, Leaflets of Western Botany (1932-1966) with John Thomas Howell. Eastwood was director of the San Francico California Botanical Club for several years in the 1890s, and has eight species named for her. A member of the California Academy of Sciences since 1892, she was unanimously elected an Honorary Member of the Academy in 1942. Her main botanical interests were western U.S. Liliaceae and the genera Lupinus, Arctostaphylos and Castilleja. She died in San Francisco on October 30, 1953.

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