Aliyah Bet (Hebrew: 'עלייה ב), meaning "Aliyah 'B'" (bet being the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet) was the code name given to immigration by Jews to the British Mandate of Palestine in violation of British restrictions against such immigration. Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lublin Powiat city county Gmina Lublin Established before 12th century City Rights 1317 Government  - Mayor Adam Wasilewski Area  - City 147. ... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... Berihah (literally escape in Hebrew) was the organized effort to help Jews escape post-Holocaust Europe for the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Aliyah (Hebrew: עלייה, ascent or going up) is a term widely used to mean Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948, the State of Israel). ... Bet or Beth is the second letter of the Phoenician alphabet, the Hebrew alphabet, and the Aramaic alphabet. ... Flag Palestine and Transjordan were incorporated (under different legal and administrative arrangements) into the British Mandate of Palestine, issued by the League of Nations to Great Britain on 29 September, 1923 Capital Not specified Organizational structure League of Nations Mandate High Commissioner  - 1920 — 1925 Sir Herbert Louis Samuel  - 1945 — 1948...

It was distinguished from Aliyah Aleph ("Aliyah 'A'") (Aleph is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet): the limited Jewish immigration British authorities did allow during the mandatory period. Aleph ‎ is the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, together with Arabic descended from Phoenician . Its original sound value was a glottal stop. ... Mandates in the Middle east and Africa. ...

In modern day Israel it has also been called the Ha'apala (Hebrew: העפלה), which is also a Hebrew term used for the immigration by Jews to the Palestine in violation of British restrictions against such immigration. During Ha'apala, several Jewish organizations worked together to facilitate immigration beyond the established quotas. As persecution of Jews intensified in Europe during the Nazi era, the urgency driving the immigration also became more acute. Those who participated in the immigration efforts consistently refused to term it "illegal", instead calling it "clandestine." “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Flag Palestine and Transjordan were incorporated (under different legal and administrative arrangements) into the British Mandate of Palestine, issued by the League of Nations to Great Britain on 29 September, 1923 Capital Not specified Organizational structure League of Nations Mandate High Commissioner  - 1920 — 1925 Sir Herbert Louis Samuel  - 1945 — 1948... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Illegal immigration refers to immigration across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. ...

The journey of Aliyah Bet Group 14

Ha'apala occurred in two phases: First from 1934 to 1942, in an effort to rescue European Jews from the Holocaust; and then from 1945 to 1948 to find homes for displaced Jewish survivors (Sh'erit ha-Pletah) who were languishing in DP Camps. During the first phase, several organizations (including Revisionists) led the effort; after World War II, the Mossad Le'aliyah Bet ("the Institute for Aliyah B"), an arm of the Haganah, commissioned the ships. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 638 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (640 × 601 pixel, file size: 6 KB, MIME type: image/png) Rasterized Image:Group_14_Aliyah_Beth_1947. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 638 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (640 × 601 pixel, file size: 6 KB, MIME type: image/png) Rasterized Image:Group_14_Aliyah_Beth_1947. ... For other uses, see Holocaust (disambiguation) and Shoah (disambiguation). ... Sherit ha-Pletah is a biblical (First Chronicles 4:43) term used by Jewish survivors of the Nazi Holocaust to refer to themselves and the communities they formed following their liberation in the spring of 1945. ... A displaced persons camp is in principle any temporary facility for displaced persons but in common usage refers to camps for individuals displaced as a result of World War II, particularly refugees from Eastern Europe. ... Palestine (comprising todays Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza strip) and Transjordan (todays Kingdom of Jordan) were all part of the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Mossad Lealiyah Bet (Hebrew: המוסד לעלייה ב) was a branch of the Haganah that operated as the organizing body for the Yishuv leaderships Haapala programme: the illegal Jewish immigration into the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Haganah Poster (1940s) The Haganah (Hebrew: The Defense, ההגנה) was a Jewish paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. ...

Post-World War II, Ha'apala journeys would typically start in the DP camps and move through one of two collection points in the American sector: Bad Reichenhall and Leipheim. From there, the refugees, including men, women, and children, would find their way by concealed trucks, foot, train, and other means to Mediterranean ports, where ships would seek to bring them to Palestine. More than 70,000 Jews arrived in Palestine using more than 100 boats.^[1] Alte Saline (old salt refinery) former Townhall Bad Reichenhall is a spa town, and administrative center of the Berchtesgadener Land district in Upper Bavaria, Germany. ... Leipheim is a town in the district of Günzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. ...

American sector camps imposed no restrictions on the movements out of the camps, and American, French, and Italian officials would often turn a blind eye to the movements. Several UNRRA officials (in particular Elizabeth Robertson in Leipheim) would act as facilitators of the emigration. The British vehemently opposed the movement, placing restrictions on movements in and out of their camps and imposing an armed naval blockade to prevent immigrants from landing in Palestine. The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943 to provide relief to areas liberated from Axis powers. ... A blockade is an effort usually (but not always, see below) at sea, to prevent supplies from reaching the enemy. ...

Over 100,000 people attempted to illegally enter Mandatory Palestine in the course of 142 sailings by 120 ships. Over half were stopped by the blockade and sent to internment camps on Cyprus (Karaolos near Famagusta, Nicosia, Dhekelia, and Xylotumbou), Palestine (the Atlit detention camp), and Mauritius. The British held as many as 50,000 prisoners in these camps (see Jews in British camps on Cyprus). Over 1,600 drowned at sea and a few thousand managed to enter the British Mandate of Palestine. This article is considered orphaned, since there are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Famagusta (Greek: Αμμόχωστος, Ammochostos; Turkish: GazimaÄŸusa; Italian: Famagosta) is a city on the east coast of Cyprus and capital of the Famagusta District. ... District Nicosia District Government  - Mayor Eleni Mavrou Population (2004)  - City 270,000 (Greek part) 85,000 (Turkish part) 355,000 (Total) Time zone EET (UTC+2) Website: www. ... Map of Akrotiri (Western) SBA Akrotiri (also known as the Western Sovereign Base Area or WSBA) and Dhekelia (also known as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area or ESBA) are UK Sovereign Base Areas (SBAs) in Cyprus, a former British Crown Colony. ... In the 1930s and 1940s, Atlit detainee camp was used by the British authorities to detain illegal immigrants to Palestine. ... Jews in British camps on Cyprus during the 1940s was a result of the British not allowing Jews to enter the British Mandate of Palestine. ... Flag The approximate borders of the British Mandate circa 1922. ...

The pivotal event in the Ha'apala program was the incident of the Exodus 5707 (1947), when British methods for stopping immigration got the public eye. The ship was intercepted, attacked, and boarded by British navy forces. It was diverted back to Europe, and after significant resistance from its passengers, the refugees were once again in Germany. Exodus 1947 after British takeover (note damage to makeshift barricades). ...

Four major disasters happened: The Haganah blew a hole in the Patria a deportation ship taking the detainees to Mauritius (November 1940), and 267 lives were lost. The Salvador sank December 1940 near Istanbul, and 260 drowned. About 100 were saved and later boarded the Darien II [1]. The Struma was torpedoed by the Russians in February 1942 and 770 lives were lost. The Mafkura was torpedoed by the Germans in August 1944, and 400 lives were lost. Haganah Poster (1940s) The Haganah (Hebrew: The Defense, ×”×”×’× ×”) was a Jewish paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. ... The Patria sinking in Haifa harbor The Patria was a ship that sank in Haifa harbor on November 25, 1940, with the loss of approximately 267 lives (over 200 Jews and 50 crew and British soldiers). ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... The ship ultimately known as the Darien II was the last ship to bring Aliya Bet refugees to Haifa (now in Israel), on March 19, 1941, during World War II. Originally named the Pole Star, it was built in Glasgow, Scotland in 1892 for the Northern Lighthouse Board. ... Struma was a ship chartered to carry Jewish refugees from Romania to British-controlled Palestine. ...

The success rate of the Aliyah Beth programme was modest when measured in terms of the numbers who succeeded in entering Palestine; but it proved to be a unifying force both for the Jewish community in Palestine (the Yishuv) and for the Holocaust-survivor refugees in Europe (Sh'erit ha-Pletah). Yishuv is a Hebrew word meaning settlement. ... Sherit ha-Pletah is a biblical (First Chronicles 4:43) term used by Jewish survivors of the Nazi Holocaust to refer to themselves and the communities they formed following their liberation in the spring of 1945. ...

References

1. ^ Reich, Bernard. A Brief History of Israel, 39-40. ISBN 0-8160-5793-1. 

• Aliyah Bet and Machal Virtual Museum
• "Aliyah During World War II and its Aftermath", Jewish Virtual Library