Alizarin
IUPAC name	1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione
Other names	1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Turkey red, mordant red 11, alizarin B, alizarin red, 9,10-anthracenedione
Identifiers
CAS number	72-48-0
SMILES	Oc2c(O)c1C(=O)c3c(C(=O)c1cc2)cccc3
Properties
Molecular formula	C14H8O4
Molar mass	240.21 g/mol
Appearance	orange-red crystals or powder
Melting point	279 - 283 °C Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1639 × 1229 pixel, file size: 961 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 555 pixelsFull resolution (2076 × 1440 pixel, file size: 22 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
Boiling point	430 °C Italic text This article is about the boiling point of liquids. ...
Solubility in water	? g/100 ml (?°C)
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
R-phrases	R36 R37 R38
S-phrases	S26 S36
Related Compounds
Related compounds	anthraquinone, anthracene
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Alizarin, is the red dye originally derived from the root of the madder plant. In 1869, it became the first natural pigment to be duplicated synthetically. Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... R-phrases are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. ... S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. ... Anthraquinone (9,10-dioxoanthracene) is an aromatic organic compound whose structure is shown to the right. ... In chemistry, anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three benzene rings derived from coal-tar. ... The plimsoll symbol as used in shipping In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Species See text. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

The word alizarin ultimately derives from the Arabic al-usara, juice.^[1] Arabic redirects here. ...

History

Madder has been cultivated as a dyestuff since antiquity in central Asia and Egypt, where it was grown as early as 1500 BC. Cloth dyed with madder root pigment was found in the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun and in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Corinth. In the Middle Ages, Charlemagne encouraged madder cultivation. It grew well in the sandy soils of the Netherlands and became an important part of the local economy. For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Pharaoh (disambiguation). ... Nebkheperure Lord of the forms of Re Nomen Tutankhaten Living Image of the Aten Tutankhamun Hekaiunushema Living Image of Amun, ruler of Upper Heliopolis Horus name Kanakht Tutmesut The strong bull, pleasing of birth Nebty name Neferhepusegerehtawy One of perfect laws, who pacifies the two lands[2] Wer-Ah-Amun... For other uses, see Pompeii (disambiguation). ... Temple of Apollo at Corinth Corinth, or Korinth (Κόρινθος) is a Greek city, on the Isthmus of Corinth, the original isthmus, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnesus to the mainland of Greece. ... Charlemagne (left) and Pippin the Hunchback. ...

alizarin color

By 1804, the English dye maker George Field^[2] had refined the technique to lake madder by treating it with alum, and an alkali,^[3] that turns the water-soluble madder extract into a solid, insoluble pigment. This resulting madder lake has a longer-lasting color, and can be used more versatilely, for example by blending it into a paint. Over the following years, it was found that other metal salts, including those containing iron, tin, and chromium, could be use in place of alum to give madder-based pigments of various other colors. This general method of preparing lakes has been known for centuries.^[4] ImageMetadata File history File links Alizarin01. ... The following is a partial list of colors with associated articles. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... A crystal of alum Alum, (IPA: ) (aluminium potassium sulfate,) in chemistry, is a term given to the crystallized double sulfates of the typical formula M+2SO4·M3+2(SO4)3·12H2O, where M+ is the sign of an alkali metal (or generally monovalent cation) (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or caesium... Alkaline redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... This article is about the metallic chemical element. ... General Name, symbol, number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 6, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 51. ...

In 1826, the French chemist Pierre-Jean Robiquet found there were two colorants in madder root, the red alizarin and the more rapidly fading purpurin. The alizarin component became the first natural dye to be synthetically duplicated in 1868 when the German chemists Carl Graebe and Carl Liebermann, working for BASF, found a way to produce it from anthracene. About the same time, the English dye chemist William Henry Perkin independently discovered the same synthesis, although the BASF group filed their patent before Perkin by only one day. The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Pierre Jean Robiquet (born January 13, 1780 in Rennes, died April 1840 in Paris) was a French chemist. ... Purpurin, or 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthroquinone, is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye in the roots of the plant madder (or known as Rubia tinctorum L). ... Carl Gräbe (or Carl Graebe; February 24, 1841 - January 19, German chemist. ... This article is about the German chemical company. ... In chemistry, anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three benzene rings derived from coal-tar. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... William Perkin (1838-1907) Sir William Henry Perkin FRS (March 12, 1838 – July 14, 1907) was an English chemist best known for his discovery, at the age of 18, of the first aniline dye, mauveine. ...

The synthetic alizarin could be produced at less than half the cost of the natural product, and the market for madder collapsed virtually overnight. Alizarin itself has been in turn largely replaced today by the more light-resistant quinacridone pigments developed at DuPont in 1958. Quinacridones are a family of synthetic pigments used to make high performance paints. ... Dupont, DuPont, Du Pont, or du Pont may refer to: // E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the worlds third largest chemical company Du Pont Motors Gilbert Dupont, a French stock brokerage part of retail banking network Crédit du Nord ST Dupont, a French manufacturer of fine...

Applications

Alizarin red is used in a biochemical assay to determine, quantitatively by colorimetry, the presence of calcific deposition by cells of an osteogenic lineage. As such it is an early stage marker (days 10-16 of in vitro culture) of matrix mineralisation, a crucial step towards the formation of calcified extracellular matrix associated with true bone. This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

In clinical practice it is also used to stain synovial fluid to assess for basic calcium phosphate crystals. Calcium phosphate is the name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with orthophosphates (PO43-), metaphosphates or pyrophosphates (P2O74-) and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions. ...

Alizarin Crimson

Alizarin Crimson
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#E32636
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(227, 38, 54)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(348°, 90%, 77%)
Source		BF2S Color Guide
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the color alizarin crimson. Web colors are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. ... A representation of additive color mixing—In CRT based (analog electronics) television three color electron guns are used to stimulate such an arrangement of phosphorescent coatings of the glass, the resultant reemission of photons providing the image seen by the eye. ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Green (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An image with the hues cyclically shifted The hues in the image of this Painted Bunting are cyclically rotated with time. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chromaticity. ... Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to emit a given amount of light. ...

See also

• Alizarine ink
• Aniline

The following is a recipe for Alizarene ink taken from the Household Cyclopedia of General Information, [1] which was published in 1881. ... Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. ...

References

1. ^ alizarin. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alizarin (accessed: January 02, 2007).
2. ^ Field's notes are held at the Courtauld Institute of Art. See: http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=4107&inst_id=2 (accessed: 2007/09/05)
3. ^ Winsor Newton's madder pigment is made according to his process. See http://www.winsornewton.com/artnews/EN/artnewsletterA4_english03_2002.pdf page 6. (accessed: 2007/09/03). Note that Henry Charles Newton, founder of Winsor Newton, was his assistant and friend.
4. ^ Daniel V. Thompson - The Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting - Dover - pp115-124. ISBN 0-486-20327-1

External links

• Molecule of the day: Alizarin

Amaranth is a color that is a representation of the color of the flower of the amaranth plant. ... Burgundy is a shade of dark red associated with the Burgundy wine of the same name, which in turn is named after the Burgundy region of France. ... Cardinal is a vivid red, which gets its name from the cassocks worn by Catholic cardinals. ... Carmine is the general term for a particularly deep red color. ... Cerise (pronounced IPA: in English and IPA: in French) is a deep to vivid purplish red. ... Indian red also known as chestnut, is a brownish shade of red. ... Categories: Stub | Colors ... For other uses, see Crimson (disambiguation). ... This article is about the color. ... Traditional Swedish houses in the countryside, painted with Falu red paint. ... Fire engine red is an intense, bright red commonly used on emergency vehicles, mostly on, as the name implies, fire engines. ... Fuchsia is a color named after the flower of the fuchsia plant. ... Rose is the colour that is defined in colour theory as being the colour halfway between red and magenta (the web color fuchsia) on the color wheel. ... Fuchsia is a color named after the flower of the fuchsia plant. ... Magenta is a color made up of equal parts of red and blue light. ... Maroon is a color related to dark red. ... This is an article about the color mauve. ... Persian red is a purplish red earth or pigment from the Persian Gulf composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. ... This article is about the color. ... Persimmon is a color that closely resembles the tint of a very ripe persimmon fruit (Persimmons can only be eaten if they are very ripe because otherwise the flavor is too astringent. ... For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Purple. ... Rose is the colour that is defined in colour theory as being the colour halfway between red and magenta (the web color fuchsia) on the color wheel. ... Rust is a color resembling rust. ... Puce (noun, ) is generally considered to be dark rose to brownish-purple. ... Sangria is a color that resembles Sangría wine. ... Scarlet (from the Persian saqirlat or Latin astacus, crayfish) is a red color with a hue that is somewhat toward the orange. ... This article is about the color. ... Terra cotta is a hard semifired waterproof ceramic clay used in pottery and building construction. ... Venetian red is a light and warm somewhat (unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of scarlet, derived from nearly pure ferric oxide (Fe2O3) of the hematite type. ... Vermilion, also spelled vermillion, when found naturally-occurring, is an opaque reddish orange pigment, used since antiquity, originally derived from the powdered mineral cinnabar. ...