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Encyclopedia > All India Home Rule League
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The All India Home Rule Leagues was a national political organization founded in 1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule to the British Raj in India. Jump to: navigation, search The British Raj is an informal term for the British colonial administration of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also included from 1886 was Burma. ...


In Context of World War I

Most Indians and Indian political leaders had been divided in their response to World War I and the Indian soldiers fighting on behalf of the British Empire against Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The latter's involvement irked India's Muslims, who saw the Sultan as the Caliph of Islam. Jump to: navigation, search World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War... Jump to: navigation, search World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War... Jump to: navigation, search The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps The British Empire was the worlds first global power and the largest empire in human history, a product of the European Age of Exploration that began with the... Official languages Latin, German, Hungarian Established church Roman Catholic Capital & Largest City Vienna pop. ... Jump to: navigation, search Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (Constantinople) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... Jump to: navigation, search Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Jump to: navigation, search Islam ▶(?) (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ...


Many Indian revolutionaries opposed the war, while moderates and liberals backed the war. The issue divided India's political classes and left the increasing demand for self-government going nowhere.


Between 1916 and 1918, when the war was closing, prominent Indians like Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the leader of the Theosophical Society, Annie Besant decided to organize a national alliance of leagues across India, specifically to demand Home Rule, or self-government within the British Empire for all of India. Tilak founded the first League in the city of Pune, Maharashtra. Mohammad Ali Jinnah headed up the Bombay League. With its national headquarters in Delhi, the main cities of activity were Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Jump to: navigation, search Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mohammad Ali Jinnah office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 – September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai, Rattanbai Petit... Jump to: navigation, search Lokmanya Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ... The Theosophical Society was the original organization formed to advance the religious doctrine known as Theosophy. ... Annie Besant Annie Wood Besant (Clapham, London October 1, 1847 - India September 20, 1933) was a prominent Theosophist, womens rights activist, writer and orator. ... Jump to: navigation, search Pune (पुणे in Marathi), formerly Punavadi and Poona (पूना in Hindi), Maharashtra state, western India, is situated at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article deals with the city of Delhi. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ...


The move created considerable excitement at the time, and attacted many members of the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League, who had been allied since the 1916 Lucknow Pact. The leaders of the League gave fiery speeches, and petitions with hundreds of thousands of Indians as signatories were submitted to British authorities. Jump to: navigation, search Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party, abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the Great Leader of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was a political party in British India was the driving force behind the creation of a Muslim state on the Indian subcontinent. ... Jump to: navigation, search Lucknow (Hindi: लखनौ Lakhnau) is the capital city of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. ...


Decline

The League was Indian political class's idea of revolution. Apart from firing up college students, educated Indians and people in the big cities, it elicited little response or enthusiasm from India's masses and the British government. It was often divided upon whether to follow up with public demonstrations, or compromise by contesting elections to the legislative councils that were criticized as little more than rubber stamps for the Viceroy.


Its further growth and activity were stalled by the rise of Mohandas Gandhi and his Satyagraha art of revolution: non-violent, but mass-based civil disobedience. Gandhi's Hindu lifestyle, mannerisms and immense respect for Indian culture and the common people of India made him immensely popular with India's common people. His victories in leading the farmers of Champaran, Bihar and Kheda, Gujarat against the British authorities on tax revolts made him a national hero. Gandhi realized that India was 900,000 villages, not the cities of Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta and Madras. Most of its people were poor, illiterate and farmers, not Western-educated lawyers. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी), called Mahatma Gandhi, was the charismatic leader who brought the cause of Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ... Jump to: navigation, search An anti-war activist is arrested for civil disobedience on the steps of the Supreme Court on February 9, 2005. ... Jump to: navigation, search A Hindu is an adherent of Hinduism, the predominant religious, philosophical and cultural systems of Bharat (India) and Nepal. ... Champaran was once an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. ... Jump to: navigation, search Bihar ( बिहार in Devanagari) is a state of the Indian union situated in the eastern part of the country. ... Kheda is a town in the Gujarat state of India. ... Jump to: navigation, search Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ...


Many a senior Indian political leader opposed Gandhi's ideas. These included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, who scoffed at the notion or simply favored negotiations and discussions with the British. But Gandhi's immense popularity with the people and the younger generation of Indians proved his time had come. He transformed the Indian National Congress from a body of educated Indians and city folk, to a 15 million strong organization spread across almost every province, town and village. Jump to: navigation, search Lokmanya Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ... Jump to: navigation, search Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mohammad Ali Jinnah office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 – September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai, Rattanbai Petit... Annie Besant Annie Wood Besant (Clapham, London October 1, 1847 - India September 20, 1933) was a prominent Theosophist, womens rights activist, writer and orator. ... He was one of the trilogy of the three Extremist patriots of the Indian National Congress who had fought and gave his life during Indias freedom struggle in the first half of the twentieth century. ... Lala Lajpat Rai was an Indian political leader who is chiefly known for leading movements against British rule in India. ... Jump to: navigation, search Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party, abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ...


In 1920, the All India Home Rule League elected Mahatma Gandhi as its President. In a year, the body would merge into the Indian National Congress to form a united Indian political front. Jump to: navigation, search Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી) was a national icon who led the struggle for Indias independence from British colonial rule, empowered by tens of millions of common Indians. ...


See Also

Jump to: navigation, search The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857, reaching its climax with Mahatma Gandhis Quit India Movement (1942-1945), and Subhash... Jump to: navigation, search Indian Nationalism is the political expression of patriotism, pride and unity of the people of India for their country and its history and heritage. ... Jump to: navigation, search Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી) was a national icon who led the struggle for Indias independence from British colonial rule, empowered by tens of millions of common Indians. ... Annie Besant Annie Wood Besant (Clapham, London October 1, 1847 - India September 20, 1933) was a prominent Theosophist, womens rights activist, writer and orator. ... Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah of Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah (referred to in Pakistan as Quaid-e-Azam, or Great Leader, which is a legally defined title) (December 25, 1876 - September 11, 1948) was an Indian Muslim nationalist, who led the movement demanding a separate homeland for Muslims in... Jump to: navigation, search Lokmanya Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ...

  Results from FactBites:
 
Alpheus--Theospohy as a Political Movement (7465 words)
Although the All-India Home Rule League remained independent of the Society, and although Besant generally continued to deny that the Theosophical Society was in any way political, the League relied heavily on people and networks brought together by the Society.
British rule had led to increased taxation of the Indian peasant, and so, in turn, to recurring famines and a neglect of the public works, such as irrigation, that were needed to promote economic development.
She demanded self-government for India in the immediate future, and she wanted the Congress to advance this demand by heading a campaign of educative propaganda, a campaign using many of the techniques with which she had become familiar as a radical agitator in Britain.
Its All About Pakistan (3195 words)
In a speech to the League in 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal mooted an independent state for Muslims in "northwest India." Choudhary Rahmat Ali published a pamphlet in 1933 advocating a state called "Pakistan".
The 1946 British Cabinet Mission to India released a plan on 16th May, calling for a united India comprised of considerably autonomous provinces, and called for "groups" of provinces formed on the basis of religion.
Although viceroy Lord Wavell asserted that there was "no satisfactory evidence to that effect",[22] League politicians were blamed by the Congress and the media for orchestrating the violence.[23] After a conference in December 1946 in London, the League entered the interim government, but Jinnah refrained from accepting office for himself.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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