Water Margin or Outlaws of the Marsh (Traditional Chinese: 水滸傳; Simplified Chinese: 水浒传; pinyin: Shuǐhǔ Zhuàn) is one of the Four Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Attributed to Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong, the novel details the trials and tribulations of one hundred and eight outlaws during the early 12th century. Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Hanyu pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; Hanyu Pinyin: , lit. ... The Four Classical Novels of Chinese literature, not to be confused with the Four Books of Confucianism, in order of publication are: Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1330) Water Margin (also known as Outlaws of the Marsh) (1573?) Journey to the West (1590) Dream of the Red Chamber (1792) Some... // Ancient texts The Four Books (四书, Sì shÅ«) are The Great Learning, (大学, Dà Xué). The Doctrine of the Golden Mean (中庸, Zhōng Yóng). ... Shī Nàiān, (施耐庵) (1296? - 1370?) was one of the most famous classical Chinese authors. ... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ...

Historical context and development

Water Margin is vaguely based upon the historical bandit Song Jiang and his thirty-six companions. The group was active in the Huai River region and eventually surrendered to government troops in 1119. Folk stories about Song Jiang circulated during the Southern Song. The first text to name Song Jiang's thirty-six companions was the 12th century Guixin Zashi. Among the thirty-six are Lu Junyi, Guan Sheng, Ruan Xiaoer, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan Xiaoqi, Liu Tang, Hua Rong, Wu Yong, among others. Some of the characters to later become associated with Song Jiang also appeared around this time. They include Sun Li, Yang Zhi, Lin Chong, Lu Zhishen and Wu Song. Song Jiang (宋江) was the leader of a bandit group in the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Nicknamed the Jade Unicorn, Lu Junyi was a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin, and hailed from Hebei Province. ... Nicknamed the Great Sword, the Water Margins Guan Sheng bore an uncanny resemblance to Guan Yu - simply because he was a direct descendent of the famous general of the Shu Kingdom. ... A member of the famous Ruan brothers in the Water Margin, Ruan Xiaoer was also known as the Ferocious Giant. ... A member of the famous Ruan brothers in the Water Margin, Ruan Xiaowu was also known as the Impetuous One. ... Ruan Xiaoqi, also known as the Devil Incarnate, was a member of the famous Ruan brothers in the Chinese classic Water Margin. ... One of the pioneering members of the Liangshan cause in the epic Chinese tale Water Margin, Liu Tang, otherwise known as the Red-Haired Demon, was strange in appearance yet resourceful in both combat and wit. ... Nicknamed the Little Li Guang, Hua Rong was one of the most pivotal and respected characters in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed The Resourceful Wizard, Wu Yong ranked third in seniority amongst the 108 heroes of Liangshan. ... In the classical Chinese semi-fiction novel the Water Margin, Sun Li, nicknamed the Sickly Warrior, was one of the most talented captains to join the Liangshan heroes. ... Nicknamed the Blue-Faced Beast, Yang Zhis incredible ability as a warrior was given much attention in the opening chapters of the Water Margin. ... Lin Chong (林冲), nicknamed the Leopard Head, (豹子头) is a semi-fictional character in the classic Chinese novel, the Water Margin. ... A tatooed Lu Zhishen pulling out a willow tree. ... Wu Song was a hero in the Water Margin, one of the four most famous classical works of Chinese literature. ...

A direct precursor of Water Margin was the Da Song Xuanhe Yishi (大宋宣和遺事), which appeared around the mid-13th century. The text was basically a written version of storytellers' tales, based loosely on historical events. It is divided into ten chapters, roughly covering the history of the Song Dynasty from the early 11th century to the establishment of the Southern Song regime in 1127. The fourth chapter covers the adventures of Song Jiang and his thirty-six companions, and their eventual defeat by Zhang Shuye (張叔夜). Some of the more well-known stories and characters of the Water Margin are clearly visible, including "Yang Zhi selling his sword", "Stealing the birthday present", "Song Jiang kills his slave girl", "Fighting Fang La" etc. It places Song Jiang and his bandits in the Taihang Mountains, and his band ran the gamut from fishermen to ex imperial drill instructors to inn-keepers etc. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Events Conrad III establishes the Hohenstaufen dynasty when he is crowned antiking to the Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair II. First coalition of the Norman princes against Roger II of Sicily. ... Fang La was a rebel in the Song Dynasty and nemesis of the 108 heroes of Liangshan in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ...

Stories about the bandits of Mount Liang became popular as subject for Yuan Dynasty drama. During this time the material on which the Water Margin was based evolved into what it is today. Song Jiang's bandits were expanded to number one hundred and eight, and though they came from different backgrounds, all eventually come to occupy Mount Liang. There is a theory that why Water Margin become popular during Yuan Dynasty was because of the resentment towards their then Mongol Rulers, in which Song Jiang rebel against the corrupted government. The story can be said as a critique towards the Mongol administration who only employs corrupted politicians and mongols. The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. ... Mount Liang (Chinese: 梁山, pinyin: liáng shān) is a mountain in southern Shandong province, China which rises to 197. ...

Authorship and early editions

There is considerable disagreement as to the author of Water Margin. Most consider the first seventy chapters to have been written by Shi Nai'an, whilst the last thirty chapters were written by Luo Guanzhong, also the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Luo may have been the disciple of Shi Nai'an. It has also been suggested that Shi Nai'an did not exist but was merely a pseudonym for Luo Guanzhong himself. Clues from the text itself strongly suggest that the author was a native of Zhejiang province (as both Luo and Shi were) who had little knowledge of northern China. Shī Nàiān, (施耐庵) (1296? - 1370?) was one of the most famous classical Chinese authors. ... Luo Guanzhong (Traditional Chinese: 羅貫中, Wade Giles: Lo Kuan-chung) was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh, two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. ... Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Simplified Chinese: 三国演义; Traditional Chinese: 三國演義; Pinyin: sān guó yÇŽn yì), written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel about the turbulent period often referred to as the Three Kingdoms (220-280). ... Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Che-chiang; Postal System Pinyin: Chehkiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

The earliest extant edition of Water Margin is a 100-chapter printed text dating from the mid-16th century. This is generally regarded as Shi Nai'an's original. Another edition, with 120 chapters, has been preserved from the Wanli era (1573-1620). (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Wanli Emperor (September 4, 1563 - August 18, 1620) was emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1572 and 1620. ...

Index of the 108 heroes

Founding Father

Chao Gai Chao Gai is widely considered as the founding father of the Liangshan cause in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin - yet, he was never one of the official 108 heroes, for the pure and simple reason that he was killed in battle in a most untimely fashion (by Shi...

The 36 Heavenly Spirits or 36 Heavenly Chieftains The 36 Heavenly Spirits or 36 Heavenly Chieftains (天罡星三十六星) refer to the two divisions amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin; the other division being the 72 Earthly Fiends or 72 Earthly Warriors. ... The 36 Heavenly Chieftains or 36 Heavenly Spirits refer to the two divisions amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin; the other division being the 72 Earthly Fiends or 72 Earthly Warriors. ...

Song Jiang | Lu Junyi | Wu Yong | Gongsun Sheng | Guan Sheng | Lin Chong | Qin Ming | Huyuan Zhuo | Hua Rong | Chai Jin | Li Ying | Zhu Tong | Lu Zhishen | Wu Song | Dong Ping | Zhang Qing | Yang Zhi | Xu Ning | Suo Chao | Dai Zhong | Liu Tang | Li Kui | Shi Jin | Mu Hong | Lei Heng | Li Jun | Ruan Xiaoer | Zhang Heng | Ruan Xiaowu | Zhang Shun | Ruan Xiaoqi | Yang Xiong | Shi Xiu | Xie Zhen | Xie Bao | Yan Qing Song Jiang (宋江) was the leader of a bandit group in the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty. ... Nicknamed the Jade Unicorn, Lu Junyi was a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin, and hailed from Hebei Province. ... Nicknamed The Resourceful Wizard, Wu Yong ranked third in seniority amongst the 108 heroes of Liangshan. ... Gongsun Sheng, nicknamed Dragon in the Clouds, was a Taoist priest and one of the pioneering members of the Liangshan bandits in the epic tale Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Great Sword, the Water Margins Guan Sheng bore an uncanny resemblance to Guan Yu - simply because he was a direct descendent of the famous general of the Shu Kingdom. ... Lin Chong (林冲), nicknamed the Leopard Head, (豹子头) is a semi-fictional character in the classic Chinese novel, the Water Margin. ... Introduction Qin Ming (秦明) is a character in the Chinese literary classic Water Margin. ... Huyuan Zhuo (呼延灼 or Huyan Zhuo) is a greatly respected hero and one of the 36 Heavenly Spirits of Liangshan in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Little Li Guang, Hua Rong was one of the most pivotal and respected characters in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Small Whirlwind, Chai Jin was both a man of nobility and somewhat of an enigma in the Water Margin. ... Li Ying was one of the few rich squires who joined the Liangshan cause in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Beautiful Whiskers (because of his majestic beard), Zhu Tong went through a tumultous time before he eventually joined the Liangshan heroes in the Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... A tatooed Lu Zhishen pulling out a willow tree. ... Wu Song was a hero in the Water Margin, one of the four most famous classical works of Chinese literature. ... Nicknamed the General of Double Spears, Dong Ping was one of the most feared and highly ranked warriors in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Nicknamed the Blue-Faced Beast, Yang Zhis incredible ability as a warrior was given much attention in the opening chapters of the Water Margin. ... Xu Ning, nicknamed the Golden Lancer, was yet another former imperial military drill instructor who joined the Liangshan heroes in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Thunderous Vanguard, Suo Chao epitomised the Liangshan cause perfectly: righteous, courageous and loyal. ... Nicknamed the Magic Messanger, Dai Zhong of the Water Margin was purportedly able to clear hundreds - once even one thousand - li in a day. ... One of the pioneering members of the Liangshan cause in the epic Chinese tale Water Margin, Liu Tang, otherwise known as the Red-Haired Demon, was strange in appearance yet resourceful in both combat and wit. ... Li Kui was a character in the Chinese folklore novel Water Margin. ... With Nine Dragons tattooed all over his body, Shi Jin was both fearless and impetuous, but a top warrior nonetheless. ... In Chinese classic epic tale Water Margin, Mu Hong, nicknamed the Unrestrained, and Mu Chun, nicknamed the Slightly Restrained, are brothers. ... In the epic tale Water Margin, Lei Heng, alias Winged Tiger, is a constable. ... Nicknamed the Wild River Dragon, Li Jun in the Water Margin was a leader of another band of fishermen (the other being the Ruan brothers) living the ordinary life by the river until he responded to the Liangshan cause. ... A member of the famous Ruan brothers in the Water Margin, Ruan Xiaoer was also known as the Ferocious Giant. ... Zhang Heng is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... A member of the famous Ruan brothers in the Water Margin, Ruan Xiaowu was also known as the Impetuous One. ... Nicknamed the White Fish, Zhang Shun, brother of Zhang Heng, was one of the 108 heroes of Liangshan in the Water Margin. ... Ruan Xiaoqi, also known as the Devil Incarnate, was a member of the famous Ruan brothers in the Chinese classic Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Pale-faced Warrior, Yang Xiong was one of the 36 Heavenly Chieftains amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Rash One, Shi Xiu appeared burly but was pretty dexterous, and was known to prefer his own brtual style of justice. ... In the Water Margin, Xie Zhen, together with his brother Xie Bao, were famous hunters before they joined Chao Gai and his Liangshan brothers. ... In the Water Margin, Xie Bao, together with his brother Xie Zhen, were famous hunters before they joined Chao Gai and his Liangshan brothers. ... Nicknamed the Prodigal Son, Yan Qing epitomised elegance in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ...

The 72 Earthly Warriors or 72 Earthly Fiends The 72 Earthly Warriors or 72 Earthly Fiends refer to the two divisions amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin; the other division being the 36 Heavenly Spirits or 36 Heavenly Chieftains. ... The 72 Earthly Fiends or 72 Earthly Warriors (地煞星七十二星) refer to the two divisions amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin; the other division being the 36 Heavenly Spirits or 36 Heavenly Chieftains. ...

Zhu Wu | Huang Xin | Sun Li | Xuan Zan | Hao Si-wen | Han Tao | Peng Qi | Shan Ting-gui | Wei Ding-guo | Xiao Rang | Pei Xuan | Ou Peng | Deng Fei | Yan Shun | Yang Lin | Ling Zhen | Jiang Jing | Lu Fang | Guo Sheng | An Dao-quan | Huangfu Duan | Wang Ying | Hu San Niang | Bao Xu | Pan Rui | Kong Ming | Kong Liang | Xiang Chong | Li Gun | Jin Da-jian | Ma Lin | Tong Wei | Tong Meng | Meng Kang | Hou Jian | Chen Da | Yang Chun | Zheng Tian-shou | Tao Zong-wang | Song Qing | Yue He | Gong Wang | Ding De-sun | Mu Chun | Cao Zheng | Song Wan | Du Qian | Xue Yong | Shi En | Li Zhong | Zhou Tong | Tang Long | Du Xing | Zou Yuan | Zou Run | Zhu Gui | Zhu Fu | Cai Fu | Cai Qing | Li Li | Li Yun | Jiao Ting | Shi Yong | Sun Xin | Gu Dasao | Zhang Qing | Sun Er Niang | Wang Ding-liu | Yu Bao-si | Bai Sheng | Shi Qian | Duan Jing-zhu Nicknamed the Miraculous Strategist, Zhu Wu of the Water Margin was once a chieftan of Mount Shaohua together with the more militarily-inclined Chen Da and Yang Chun. ... Huang Xin, nicknamed the Tormentor of the Three Mountains, was one of the earliest imperial commanders to join the Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin; that he stood at the door of the elite 36 Heavenly Chieftains was testament to his status. ... In the classical Chinese semi-fiction novel the Water Margin, Sun Li, nicknamed the Sickly Warrior, was one of the most talented captains to join the Liangshan heroes. ... Xuan Zan is a character in the Water Margin. ... Hao Si-wen and Xuan Zan were Guan Shengs military aides in the epic Chinese tale, The Water Margin. ... Han Tao, nicknamed at times The Invincible General, at times The Ever Victorious General, was of the many vanguards of the Imperial Army eventually recruited by Song Jiang to join the latters Liangshan cause, in the epic Chinese story the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed The Eyes of Heaven, Peng Qi symbolised, in a way, the sort of thematic unity ever present in The Water Margin (see for example, Guan Sheng, Zhang Qing and their military aides]]. An able assistant to Huyuan Zhuo on the battlefield together with Han Tao, Peng brandished a unique... The brother of Wei Ding-guo in the Water Margin, Shan Ting-gui was known as the Water General and donned a set of black armour on the battlefield. ... In the Water Margin, Wei Ding-guo the Fire General together with Shan Ting-gui were the fearsome commanders of the Lingzhou Prefecture. ... Xiao Rang is best known as the scholarly expert calligrapher amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Pei Xuan, nicknamed the Iron-faced Clerk, was yet another outlaw chieftain who joined Chao Gai and the Liangshan heroes in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Golden Wings brushing the Clouds, Ou Peng was formerly an imperial soldier found in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin Having offended a superior officer, Ou was forced to flee and become a bandit. ... Nicknamed the Fiery-eyed Lion, Deng Fei was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Yan Shun was one of the 72 Earthly Warriors amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Fiery Leopard, Yang Lin was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Heaven-shaking Thunder, Ling Zhen was one of the 108 heroes found in the Water Margin. ... Jiang Jing, nicknamed the Magic Mathematician, was a figure in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Little Squire of Wen, Lu Fang fought using a halberd in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Second Ren Gui in the Water Margin, Guo Sheng, like his friend Lu Fang, dressed like a squire and fought with a halberd. ... An Dao-quan was one of the two physicians amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the classic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Out of the 108 Liangshan heroes found in the Chinese tale the Water Margin, if An Dao-quan was the physician the bandits looked to in times of human diseases, Huangfu Duan was the physician they turned to when their steeds took ill! Not only that, Huangfus blue eyes... Wang Ying is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Hu San Niang (扈三娘) was one of the few female warriors amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the God of Thunderous Death Bao Xu was probably one of the more violent heroes amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits found in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Demon King who Roils the World, Pan Rui was the leader of the Mount Mangdang band of robbers found in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Comet, Kong Ming was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Flaming Star, Kong Liang was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the Water Margin. ... Xiang Chong was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Li Gun was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Jin Da-jian is best known as the expert stone sculptor amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Flutist, Ma Lin was one of the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale the Water Margin. ... Tong Wei, nicknamed the Cave Dragon, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Tong Meng, nicknamed the River-churning Clam, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Meng Kang was one of the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Hou Jian, nicknamed the Long-armed Ape, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Cloud-leaping Tiger, Chen Da was one of the three bandit leaders of Mount Shaohua (together with Zhu Wu and Yang Chun) in the early chapters of the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the White-spotted Snake, Yang Chun was one of the three bandit leaders of Mount Shaohua (together with Zhu Wu and Chen Da) in the early chapters of the Water Margin. ... Zheng Tian-shou was one of the 72 Earthly Warriors amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Nine-tailed Tortoise, Tao Zong-wang was one of the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Song Qing was the brother of Song Jiang in the Water Margin. ... Yue He is a character in the epic Chinese tale The Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Flowery-necked Tiger, Gong Wang was a loyal servant to Zhang Qing in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Red-spotted Tiger, Ding De-sun was a loyal servant to Zhang Qing in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Mu Chun is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Cao Zheng was one of the 72 Earthly Warriors amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Guardian of the Clouds, Song Wan was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the One Who Scales the Heavens, Du Qian was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale the Water Margin. ... Xue Yong, nicknamed the Sick Tiger, is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Shi En, nicknamed the Golden-eyed Tiger Cub, is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Li Zhong was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Zhou Tong, nicknamed the Little King, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Spotted Neck, Tang Long was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Du Xing, nicknamed the Demon Face, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Zou Yuan, nicknamed the Forest Dragon, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Zou Run, nicknamed the One-horned Dragon, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Zhu Gui was one of the 72 Earthly Warriors amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Zhu Fu was one of the 72 Earthly Warriors amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Cai Fu, nicknamed the Iron Arm, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Cai Qing, nicknamed the Single Blossom, is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Li Li (Simplified Chinese: 李丽, pinyin: Lǐ Lì ¹) (born 7 July 1983) is the top-ranked female badminton player in Singapore. ... Li Yun was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Jiao Ting was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes found in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Ugly Stone Warrior, Shi Yong was one of the 108 Liangshan bandits found in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Sun Xin, nicknamed the Junior General, was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Gu Dasao was one of the rare female characters amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the Water Margin. ... Zhang Qing (张清)is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Sun Er Niang was one of the rare female bandits amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Wang Ding-liu, nicknamed The Lightning, is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Yu Bao-si was one of the 108 Liangshan heroes in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Nicknamed the Daylight Rat, Bai Sheng was one of the 72 Earthly Warriors out of the 108 Liangshan bandits in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ... Despite his low ranking amongst the 108 Liangshan heroes in the Water Margin, Shi Qian, nicknamed the Flea on the Drum, was their best thief and featured in several significant chapters. ... Nicknamed the Golden-haired Dog, Duan Jingzhu of Zhuozhou prefecture was one of the 108 Liangshan bandits found in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ...

Outline of Chapters

At first the story may seem like separate stories, which, in a sense, they were. The connections were very vague between characters. But the story eventually comes together by Chapter 40 or so, during the exile and rescue of Song Jiang.

1 Marshal Hong Releases the 108 Spirits

2-4 The story of Shi Jin With Nine Dragons tattooed all over his body, Shi Jin was both fearless and impetuous, but a top warrior nonetheless. ...

4-7 The story of Lu Zhishen A tatooed Lu Zhishen pulling out a willow tree. ...

7-12 The story of Lin Chong Lin Chong (林冲), nicknamed the Leopard Head, (豹子头) is a semi-fictional character in the classic Chinese novel, the Water Margin. ...

12-13 The story of Yang Zhi Nicknamed the Blue-Faced Beast, Yang Zhis incredible ability as a warrior was given much attention in the opening chapters of the Water Margin. ...

13-20 The robbing of the birthday gifts led by Chao Gai and the 'original 7' Chao Gai is widely considered as the founding father of the Liangshan cause in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin - yet, he was never one of the official 108 heroes, for the pure and simple reason that he was killed in battle in a most untimely fashion (by Shi...

20-22 The story of Song Jiang Song Jiang (宋江) was the leader of a bandit group in the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty. ...

23-32 The story of Wu Song Wu Song was a hero in the Water Margin, one of the four most famous classical works of Chinese literature. ...

32-35 The story of Hua Rong Nicknamed the Little Li Guang, Hua Rong was one of the most pivotal and respected characters in the Water Margin. ...

36-43 The exile and rescue of Song Jiang Song Jiang (宋江) was the leader of a bandit group in the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty. ...

44-47 The story of Shi Xiu and Yang Xiong Nicknamed the Rash One, Shi Xiu appeared burly but was pretty dexterous, and was known to prefer his own brtual style of justice. ... Nicknamed the Pale-faced Warrior, Yang Xiong was one of the 36 Heavenly Chieftains amongst the 108 Liangshan bandits in the Water Margin. ...

47-50 The outlaws assault Lone Dragon Mountain

51-52 The story of Lei Heng and Zhu Tong In the epic tale Water Margin, Lei Heng, alias Winged Tiger, is a constable. ... Nicknamed the Beautiful Whiskers (because of his majestic beard), Zhu Tong went through a tumultous time before he eventually joined the Liangshan heroes in the Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ...

53-55 The outlaws assault Gaotang; the search for Gongsun Sheng Gongsun Sheng, nicknamed Dragon in the Clouds, was a Taoist priest and one of the pioneering members of the Liangshan bandits in the epic tale Water Margin. ...

55-57 The first imperial assault on Liangshan Marsh

57-59 The outlaws attack Qingzhou Qingzhou (青州) is the ancient capital of Shandong province, China. ...

59-60 The outlaws battle the outlaws of Mount Mangdang

60 The first assault on the Zeng Family; the death of Chao

60-67 The story of Lu Junyi; the outlaws assault Daming; the second imperial attack on Liangshan Marsh Nicknamed the Jade Unicorn, Lu Junyi was a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin, and hailed from Hebei Province. ...

67 The third imperial attack on Liangshan Marsh

68 The second assault on the Zeng Family

69-70 The outlaws assault Dongping and Dongcheng

71-74 The 108 heroes are fully assembled; the funny and lethal antics of Li Kui Li Kui was a character in the Chinese folklore novel Water Margin. ...

75-78 The Emperor offers amnesty the first time; the fourth imperial assault on Liangshan Amnesty (from the Greek amnestia, oblivion) is an act of justice by which the supreme power in a state restores those who may have been guilty of any offence against it to the position of innocent persons. ...

78-80 Gao Qiu's imperial assault (the fifth) on Liangshan Marsh Gao Qiu (高毬), nicknamed the High Ball, is a character in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ...

81-82 The Outlaws are granted amnesty

83-89 The Outlaws attack the Liao Tartars This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Tatars or Tartars is a collective name applied to the Turkic-speaking people of Europe and Asia. ...

90-99 The Outlaws attack Fang La Fang La was a rebel in the Song Dynasty and nemesis of the 108 heroes of Liangshan in the epic Chinese tale, the Water Margin. ...

100 The tragic dissolution of the Outlaws of the Marsh

Modern transformations

The Water Margin was a successful Japanese television adaptation of the story, which was sold to many other countries.

The novel inspired the popular RPG video game series Gensou Suikoden, as well as an earlier military strategy game by Koei, called Bandit Kings of Ancient China. A role-playing game (RPG) is a type of game in which players assume the roles of characters and collaboratively create narratives. ... A computer game is a game composed of a computer-controlled virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve a defined goal or set of goals. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Koei Co. ... Bandit Kings of Ancient China is a turn-based strategy video game published by KOEI in the 1980s for the Nintendo Entertainment System, MS-DOS and the Macintosh. ...

Frank Chin's novel, Donald Duk, contains many references to the Water Margin. Song Jiang and Li Kui make several appearances in the protagonist's dreams. Frank Chin (趙健秀; pinyin: Zhào Jiànxiù) (born February 25, 1940) is a Chinese-american author and playwright. ... Song Jiang (宋江) was the leader of a bandit group in the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty. ... Li Kui was a character in the Chinese folklore novel Water Margin. ...

A character named "The Black Whirlwhind" in the RPG Jade Empire is also obviously inspired by Li Kui. Jade Empire is an epic action RPG developed by Canadian developer BioWare. ... Li Kui was a character in the Chinese folklore novel Water Margin. ...

A Hong Kong comic series was also drawn by the popular Hong Kong mangaka, Li Zhiqing. Chinese name: 李志清 Alternate romanizations / spellings: Li Zhi Qing, Zhi Qing Li, Lee Chi Ching Pen Name: 清兒 Born in 1963 in Hong Kong. ...

A 1972 movie of the same name was produced by the Shaw Brothers (Singapore). Reviews: Kung Fu Cinema | Dragon's Den UK

A 1980s TV serial was also produced in Hong Kong by the studio TVB.

A 40 episode TV serial (水滸全傳) produced in Mainland China was released in 2004.

A Hong Kong movie starring Tony Leung was made in the mid-90's and it centred around Lin Chong, Lu Zhishen and Gao Qiu. Not to be confused with actor Tony Leung Ka-Fai Tony Leung Chiu Wai (梁朝偉; born June 27, 1962) is a Hong Kong movie and ex-television actor. ...

External links

• http://www.china-on-site.com/pages/comic/comiccatalog3.php Water Margin english translation with manhua
• Nicknames of the 108 heroes(Japanese Web site)