All Saints in Poland

The festival of All Saints, also sometimes known as "All Hallows," or "Hallowmas," is a feast celebrated in honour of all the saints and martyrs, known or unknown. The Roman Catholic holiday (Festum omnium sanctorum) falls on November 1, followed by All Souls Day on November 2 and is a festival of the first rank, with a vigil and an octave. The Eastern Orthodox Church's All Saints is the first Sunday after Pentecost and as such punctuates the close of the Easter season. Download high resolution version (1917x1302, 326 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1917x1302, 326 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ... Historically, a martyr is a person who dies for his or her religious faith. ... The Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious denomination of Christianity with over one billion members. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... All Souls Day by William Bouguereau All Souls Day (Commemoratio omnium fidelium defunctorum) is the day set apart in the Roman Catholic Church for the commemoration of the faithful departed. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... ... Pentecost (the 50th day in ancient Greek) is a holiday of Christianity, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, fifty days after the resurrection of Jesus at Easter, and ten days after the Ascension. ... Easter is the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed in March, April, or May each year to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus from the dead after his death by crucifixion (see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year around AD 30-33. ...

Common commemorations, by several churches, of the deaths of martyrs began to be celebrated in the 4th century. The first trace of a general celebration is in Antioch on the Sunday after Pentecost. This custom is also referred to in the 74th homily of John Chrysostom (407) and is maintained to the present day in the Eastern Orthodox Church. This is about one of the cities called Antioch in Asia Minor, now Turkey. ... Pentecost (the 50th day in ancient Greek) is a holiday of Christianity, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, fifty days after the resurrection of Jesus at Easter, and ten days after the Ascension. ... John Chrysostom (347 - 407) was a notable Christian bishop and preacher from the 4th and 5th centuries in Syria and Constantinople. ... Events Gunderic becomes king of the Vandals and the Alans after the death of his father Godgisel Gratianus of Britain is assassinated and Constantine III takes his place at the head of the mutinous Roman garrison in Britain. ... ...

The origin of the festival of All Saints as celebrated in the West is, however, now said to be somewhat doubtful. On May 13 in 609 or 610 (the day being more important than the year), Pope Boniface IV consecrated the Pantheon at Rome to the Blessed Virgin and all the martyrs, and the feast of the dedicatio Sanctae Mariae ad Martyres has been celebrated at Rome ever since. The chosen day, May 13, was a pagan observation of great antiquity, the culmination of three days of the Feast of the Lemures, in which were propitiated the malevolent and restless spirits of all the dead. The medieval liturgiologists based the idea that this Lemuria festival was the origin of that of All Saints on identical dates and on the similar theme of all the dead. This connection has now been abandoned by Roman Catholics. Instead, the feast of All Saints is now traced to the foundation by Pope Gregory III (731-741) of an oratory in St Peter's for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors, of all the just made perfect who are at rest throughout the world", with the day moved to November 1. May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... Events October 4 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. ... Boniface IV was pope from 608 to 615. ... The Pantheon, Rome The Pantheon is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to all the gods of the Roman state religion, but has been a Christian church since the 7th century AD. It is the only building from the Greco-Roman world which is completely... Historically, a martyr is a person who dies for his or her religious faith. ... In Roman religion, the Feast of the Lemures, called the Lemuralia or Lemuria was a feast during which the ancient Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes. ... Saint Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. ... Events Bede completes his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum February 11 - Pope Gregory III succeeds Gregory II Deaths February 11 - Pope Gregory II See also Unit 731 Categories: 731 ... Events June 18 - Constantine V succeeds Leo III as emperor of the Byzantine Empire. ...

So far as the Western Church generally is concerned, the November festival of all the saints was already widely celebrated in the days of Charlemagne; it was made a day of obligation throughout the Frankish empire in 835, by a decree of Louis the Pious, issued "at the instance of Pope Gregory IV and with the assent of all the bishops," which confirmed its celebration on the 1st of November. A Frankish king, like Charlemagne, (center) depicted in the Sacramentary of Charles the Bald (about 870) Charlemagne (c. ... The Franks were one of several west Germanic tribes who entered the late Roman Empire from Frisia as foederati and established a lasting realm in an area that covers most of modern-day France and the region of Franconia in Germany, forming the historic kernel of both these two modern... Events Ragnar Lodbrok rises to power (approximate date) The celebration of All Saints is made an obligation throughout the Frankish Empire and fixed on November 1. ... Louis the Pious (also known as Louis I, Louis the Fair and Louis the Debonaire, German form: Ludwig der Fromme, French form: Louis le Pieux or Louis le Débonnaire, Spanish form: Ludovico Pío) (April 16, 778 - June 20, 840) was Emperor and King of the Franks from 814... Gregory IV, pope (827-844), was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner. ...

There are celebrations in Portugal, Spain and Mexico, where are common the ofrendas (offerings). In Portugal and France, people would (and continue to) offer flowers to dead relatives. The traditional Portuguese Halloween, known as dia das bruxas (witches' day) is observed in the night of April 30 to May 1; it is not related with All Saints Day and is not widely celebrated. In Poland, the tradition on this day (known as Zaduszki) is to light candles (znicze) and visit the graves of deceased relatives. The Republic of Portugal (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, the westernmost country in continental Europe. ... The Kingdom of Spain or Spain (Spanish and Galician: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. ... The United Mexican States or Mexico (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by Guatemala and Belize, to... The Republic of Portugal (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a democratic republic located on the west and southwest parts of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, the westernmost country in continental Europe. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... Zaduszki (also dzień zaduszny) is a Polish tradition of lighting candles and visiting the graves of the relatives on All Saints Day. ...

The festival was retained after the Reformation in the calendar of the Church of England and in that of many of the Lutheran churches. In the latter, in spite of attempts at revival, it has fallen into disuse. In the Lutheran churches, such as the Church of Sweden, it assumes a role of general commemoration of the dead (similar to the All Souls commemoration in the Eastern Orthodox Church that takes place two Saturdays before the beginning of Lent). In the Swedish calendar observance takes place on the first Saturday of November. The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... A calendar is a system for naming periods of time, typically days. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... The Church of Sweden, or Svenska kyrkan, is the national church of Sweden. ... In Western Christianity, Lent is the period preceding the Christian holy day of Easter. ... All official holidays in Sweden are established by acts of Parliament. ... November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ...

In the royal House of Borbón, it is common for family members to bear the appendage de Todos los Santos at the end of their given names; for instance, María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luísa Ignacia de Todos los Santos is Infanta Pilar's full list of given names. HRH Infanta Doña Pilar de Borbón (María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luisa Ignacia de Todos los Santos de Borbón de Gomez-Acebo), Duchess of Badajoz, (born July 30, 1936) is the oldest daughter of Juan de Borbon, Count of Barcelona and Maria Mercedes Borbón...

See also

• Veneration of the dead
• Halloween
• Dziady

In many cultures the dead are seen as not permanently severed from the living. ... A jack-o-lantern Halloween is a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31, usually by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting candy. ... Dziady for the poem of Adam Mickiewicz. ...

Compare

• Saturnalia and Yule christianized as Christmas
• the festival of Eostre, from whence Easter gets its English language name and many of its symbols

This article is about the Roman winter solstice festival. ... Yule is the winter solstice Blót (celebration) in Asatru, the pagan practices of the Germanic peoples prior to the arrival of Christianity. ... Joseph and Mary with baby Jesus, at the first Christmas Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a holiday in the Christian calendar, usually observed on December 25, which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... Eostre is generally said to be an Anglo-Saxon goddess, but her existence in any real pre-Christian Germanic mythology is disputed. ... Easter is the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed in March, April, or May each year to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus from the dead after his death by crucifixion (see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year around AD 30-33. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Reference

• All Saints' Day (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01315a.htm) article in the Catholic Encyclopedia

The Catholic Encyclopedia is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the Roman Catholic Church, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. Starting in 1993, the encyclopedia (now in the public domain) was placed on the Internet through a world-wide...

External Links

• Catholic All Saints' Eve Traditions (http://www.kensmen.com/catholic/customstimeafterpentecost12aa.html)
• Catholic All Saints Traditions (http://www.kensmen.com/catholic/customstimeafterpentecost12.html)