Music for use with a play, consisting of an overture and any necessary entr'acte; music for any pageantry (a wedding march, for example); and perhaps music for any songs sung onstage.
American musical style of great popularity at the turn of the twentieth century, characterized by strongly syncopated (ragged) rhythms; the usual form is like that of the American march, involving two strains and a trio.
Originally the term toccata (keyboard music, "touched" with the fingers) was used as opposed to cantata (sung music) and sonata (instrumental music).
Whether a music piece has a mathematical time indication or not, in classical music it is customary to describe the tempo of a piece by one or more words.
For example, the "agitato" in the Allegro agitato of the last movement of George Gershwin's piano concerto in F has both a tempo indication (undoubtedly faster than a usual "Allegro") and a mood indication ("agitated").
In Renaissance music most music was understood to flow at a tempo defined by the tactus, roughly the rate of the human heartbeat.
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