| Rhine | | | | Origin | Grisons, Switzerland | | Mouth | North Sea | | Basin countries | Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands | | Length | 1,320 km (820 mi) | | Source elevation | Vorderrhein: approx. 2,600 m (8,500 ft)
Hinterrhein: approx. 2,500 m (8,200 ft) | | Avg. discharge | Basel: 1,060 m³/s (37,440 ft³/s)
Strasbourg: 1,080 m³/s (38,150 ft³/s)
Cologne: 2,090 m³/s (73,820 ft³/s)
Dutch border: 2,260 m³/s (79,823 ft³/s) | | Watershed area | 185,000 km² (71,430 mi²) | At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (German Rhein, French Rhin, Dutch Rijn, Romansch: Rein, Italian: Reno) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. The name of the Rhine comes from the Celtic Renos, literally "that which flows", from the Proto-Indo-European root *rei- ("to flow, run"), which also gave the verb "to run" in English. Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 595 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Rhine Rivers of Switzerland List of European rivers with alternative names Categories: Rivers of Switzerland ...
Grisons or Graubünden (German: Graubünden; Italian: Grigioni; Romansh: Grischun) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. ...
Grisons or Graubünden (German: Graubünden; Italian: Grigioni; Romansh: Grischun) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. ...
The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...
A watershed is a region of land where water drains downhill into a specified body of water, such as a river, lake, sea, ocean or wetland. ...
The source of a river or stream may be a lake, a spring, or a collection of headwaters. ...
In hydrology, the discharge of a river is the volume of water transported by it in a certain amount of time. ...
Location within Switzerland Basel (English traditionally: Basle , German: Basel , French: Bâle , Italian: Basilea ) is Switzerlands third most populous city (166,563 inhabitants (2004); 690,000 inhabitants in the conurbation stretching across the immediate cantonal and national boundaries made Basel Switzerlands second-largest urban area as of 2003). ...
City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Alsace Département Bas-Rhin (67) Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) (since 2001) Area 78. ...
Cologne (German: ▶ (help· info) [kœln]; Kölsch: Kölle) is Germanys fourth-largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. ...
A watershed is a region of land where water drains downhill into a specified body of water, such as a river, lake, sea, ocean or wetland. ...
To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 106 and 107 m (1,000 and 10,000 km). ...
Romansh (also spelled Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is any of the various Rhaetian languages spoken in Switzerland. ...
The Murray River in Australia. ...
World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ...
The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ...
Template:Da tradurre PIE redirects here. ...
The Rhine and the Danube formed most of the northern frontier of the Roman Empire, and since those days the Rhine has been a vital navigable waterway, carrying trade and goods deep inland. The many castles and prehistoric fortifications along the Rhine testify to its importance as a waterway. A castle identifies a location where traffic was stopped, usually for the purpose of collecting tolls, by the state controlling that portion of the river. The Danube (German: , Slovak: Dunaj, Hungarian: , Croatian: Dunav, Serbian: Дунав/Dunav, Bulgarian: Дунав, Romanian: , Ukrainian: , Latin: Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ...
The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Augustus), until its radical reformation in what was later to be known as the Byzantine Empire. ...
Geography
 The Rhine shortly after the Lake Constance
 The Marksburg near Koblenz was built in 1231 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (990x1488, 565 KB) Rhein vor dem Oberalppasses (nach der sog. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (990x1488, 565 KB) Rhein vor dem Oberalppasses (nach der sog. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3932x1762, 2018 KB) Eine Badi am Rhein zwischen dem Boden- und dem Untersee Source: Selber File links The following pages link to this file: Rhine ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3932x1762, 2018 KB) Eine Badi am Rhein zwischen dem Boden- und dem Untersee Source: Selber File links The following pages link to this file: Rhine ...
Image File history File links Loreley, Rheinland-Pfalz, Deutschland Photograph: Luidger 23. ...
Image File history File links Loreley, Rheinland-Pfalz, Deutschland Photograph: Luidger 23. ...
The Rock of Lorelei by the Rhine Lorelei Lorelei The Lorelei (originally written as Loreley) is a rock in the Rhine near St. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2008x1507, 354 KB) Description: Marksburg - view from west Photographer: Holger Weinandt (taken from the german Wikipedia, uploaded there by Schaengel) File links The following pages link to this file: Rhine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2008x1507, 354 KB) Description: Marksburg - view from west Photographer: Holger Weinandt (taken from the german Wikipedia, uploaded there by Schaengel) File links The following pages link to this file: Rhine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital...
Koblenz (also Coblenz in older German spellings; French Coblence; from Latin Confluentes, confluence or merging (rivers)) is after Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein the third largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate (german Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany. ...
Switzerland The Rhine's origins are in the Swiss Alps in the canton of Graubünden, where its two main initial tributaries are called Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein. The Vorderrhein (anterior Rhine) springs from Lake Tuma near the Oberalp Pass and passes the impressive Ruinaulta (the Swiss Grand Canyon). The Hinterrhein (posterior Rhine) starts from the Paradies glacier near the Rheinquellhorn at the southern border of Switzerland. Both tributaries meet near Reichenau, still in Graubünden. From Reichenau, the Rhine flows north as the Alpenrhein passing Chur and forming the frontier with Liechtenstein and then Austria, and then emptying into Lake Constance. Emerging from Lake Constance, flowing west as the Hochrhein it passes the Rhine Falls and is joined by the Aare river which more than doubles its water discharge to an average of nearly 1,000 cubic meters per second. It forms the boundary to Germany until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel. The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...
Graubünden or Grisons (German: Graubünden; Italian: Grigioni; Romansh: Grischun, French: Grisons) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. ...
A tributary (or affluent or confluent) is a contributory stream, a river that does not reach the sea, but joins another major river (a parent river), to which it contributes its waters, swelling its discharge. ...
Road sign Oberalppass 2046 m. ...
Ruinaulta is a canyon on the Vorder Rhine just upstream of its confluence with the Hinter Rhine at Reichenau, Eastern Switzerland. ...
Alternate uses: Reichenau island Reichenau is a village in the municipality of Tamins in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland, where the two Rhine tributaries Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein meet. ...
Chur is a town in Switzerland. ...
Map of the Bodensee; Schweiz is Switzerland, Deutschland is Germany, and Osterreich is Austria. ...
Rhine falls with castle Laufen The Rhine Falls (Rheinfall in German) are the largest waterfalls of Europe. ...
For other possible meanings, see AAR, a disambiguation page The Aar (in German Aare) is the greatest river which both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland. ...
The Rhine knee (or Rhines knee, in German Rheinknie) is the name of a few geographical curves in the Rhine river. ...
Location within Switzerland Basel (English traditionally: Basle , German: Basel , French: Bâle , Italian: Basilea ) is Switzerlands third most populous city (166,563 inhabitants (2004); 690,000 inhabitants in the conurbation stretching across the immediate cantonal and national boundaries made Basel Switzerlands second-largest urban area as of 2003). ...
Germany and France Past Basel, as the Upper Rhine, it forms the southern part of the border between Germany and France in a wide valley, before entering Germany exclusively. The Upper Rhine is the part of the Rhine that flows between Basel and Bingen. ...
At over 1000 kilometres in length, the Rhine is the longest river primarily within Germany. It is here that the Rhine encounters some of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, the Main and later the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of over 300 cubic meters per second. The Neckar is a river in Germany, a major tributary of the River Rhine, which it joins at Mannheim. ...
Map showing the position of the Main in Germany The Main (pronounced in FUCKKKK GERmany! German like the English word mine) is a river in Germany, 524 km long (including White Main 574 km), and one of the more significant tributaries of the Rhine river. ...
Moselle River/Germany The Moselle (French Moselle, German Mosel, from Latin Mosella, little Meuse) is a river flowing through France, Luxembourg and Germany, joining the Rhine river at Koblenz. ...
Between Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge, a formation created by erosion, which happened at about the same rate as an uplift in the region, leaving the river at about its original level, and the surrounding lands raised. This gorge is quite deep, and is the stretch of the river known for its many castles and vineyards. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (2002) and known as "the romantic Rhine" with more than 40 castles and fortresses from the Middle Ages (see links) and many lovely wine-villages. Bingen am Rhein, or Bingen, or Bingen on the Rhine is a modern-day city located at the junction of the rivers Rhine and Nahe in southwestern Germany near the city of Mainz. ...
Bonn is a city in Germany (19th largest), in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the north of the Siebengebirge. ...
St. ...
A tectonic uplift is a geological process most often caused by plate tectonics which increases elevation. ...
The main gatehouse of Harlech Castle, Wales. ...
A vineyard Vineyard with bird netting Wine grapes with netting as protection against birds A vineyard (vignoble in French, vigna or vigneto in Italian, vinha in Portuguese, viña or viñedo in Spanish, Weinberg in German) is a place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins, or table...
This is a list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe. ...
Though many industries can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland, it is along the Lower Rhine in the Ruhr area that the bulk of them are concentrated. The Ruhr river, a surprisingly clean river used for drinking water production, adds another 70 cubic meters per second to the Rhine here; however other rivers from the Ruhr area, above all the Emscher, still cause a considerable degree of pollution. Approaching the Dutch border, the Rhine now has an average discharge of 2,290 cubic metres per second and an average width of more than 1,000 feet. i hate erin saunders ...
Map of the Ruhr Area The Ruhr Area (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquially Ruhrpott or Kohlenpott) is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, consisting of a number of large industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. ...
For the conurbation see Ruhr Area. ...
Map of the Ruhr Area The Ruhr Area (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquially Ruhrpott or Kohlenpott) is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, consisting of a number of large industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. ...
The Emscher is a relatively small river flowing through the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. ...
Environmental Pollution is the release of harmful environmental contaminants, or the substances so released. ...
the Netherlands The Rhine then turns west into the Netherlands, where together with the Meuse it forms an extensive delta. Crossing the border into the Netherlands at Spijk, the Rhine is at its widest, but the river then splits into three main distributaries: the IJssel, the Waal and the Nederrijn (Lower Rhine). From here the situation becomes more complicated, as the name "Rhine" no longer coincides with the main flow of water. Most of the Rhine water (two thirds) flows further west through the Waal and then via the Nieuwe Waterweg and, merging with the Meuse, through the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries into the North Sea. The other third portion of the water flows through the Pannerdens kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one third of the water north into the IJsselmeer while the Nederrijn flows west parallel to the Waal and carries approximately two ninths of the flow. The Meuse (Dutch Maas) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea. ...
Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. ...
A distributary is a river that branches off from a major river before it reaches the sea, particularly in a river delta. ...
Satellite image of the IJssel basin River IJssel, sometimes called Gelderse IJssel (Gelderland IJssel) to avoid confusion with its Holland counterpart, is a 120 km long branch of the Rhine in the Dutch provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel. ...
Edited Satellite image of the Rhine-Waal fork, showing the beginning of river Waal (green). ...
Categories: Netherlands geography stubs | Rivers of the Netherlands | Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta ...
Satellite image of the northwest part of the Rhine-Meuse delta showing the Nieuwe Waterweg (t) The Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) is a ship canal in the Netherlands from het Scheur (a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta) west of the town of Maassluis to the North Sea at Hook...
Hollands Diep is a wide river in the Netherlands and an estuary of the Rhine and Meuse river. ...
The Haringvliet is a large inlet of the North Sea, in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. ...
Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits and services. ...
The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...
IJsselmeer seen from space The IJsselmeer (or Lake IJssel) is a shallow lake of some 1250 km² in the central Netherlands bordering the provinces of Flevoland, North Holland and Friesland, with an average depth of 5 to 6 m. ...
However, beyond Wijk bij Duurstede the Nederrijn changes its name and becomes the Lek. It flows further west to rejoin the main flow into the Nieuwe Waterweg. The name "Rhine" from here on is used only for smaller streams further to the north which together once formed the main river Rhine in Roman times. Though they retained the name, these streams do not carry water from the Rhine anymore, but are used for draining the surrounding land and polders. From Wijk bij Duurstede, the old north branch of the Rhine is called Kromme Rijn ("Crooked Rhine") and past Utrecht, first Leidse Rijn ("Leiden Rhine") and then Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine"). In Leiden, the river splits into Oude Rijn and Nieuwe Rijn. After the castle, the Burcht, the Rhine merges into the Rijn, or Rhine. The latter flows west into a sluice at Katwijk, where its waters can be discharged into the North Sea. This branch once formed the line along which the Upper Germanic limes were built. Wijk bij Duurstede is a municipality and a city in the central Netherlands. ...
Satellite image of the east bit of the Rhine-Meuse delta showing river Lek (e) — the Kromme Rijn stream is too small to show up on this picture. ...
The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Augustus), until its radical reformation in what was later to be known as the Byzantine Empire. ...
Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, Netherlands A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. ...
Satellite image of the central part of the Rhine-Meuse delta showing the city of Utrecht and its surroundings, including the Kromme Rijn branch (b). ...
Utrecht is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. ...
Leyden redirects here. ...
A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate. ...
Katwijk (population: 41,822 in 2004) is a coastal village in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. ...
The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...
Reconstructed Limes near Saalburg, Germany. ...
Large cities Basel, Straßburg, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen, Wiesbaden, Mainz, Koblenz, Bonn, Cologne / Köln, Düsseldorf, Neuss, Krefeld, Duisburg, Arnhem / Arnheim Location within Switzerland Basel (English traditionally: Basle , German: Basel , French: Bâle , Italian: Basilea ) is Switzerlands third most populous city (166,563 inhabitants (2004); 690,000 inhabitants in the conurbation stretching across the immediate cantonal and national boundaries made Basel Switzerlands second-largest urban area as of 2003). ...
City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Alsace Département Bas-Rhin (67) Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) (since 2001) Area 78. ...
Map of Germany showing Karlsruhe Coat of Arms of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe castle at night Karlsruhe (population 282,595 in December 2003) is a city of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border. ...
Basic information Country: Germany Federal state: Land Baden-Württemberg Regions: Rhein-Neckar District: Independent municipality Population: 324,787 (Mai 2005) Additional information Area: 144. ...
Map of Germany showing Ludwigshafen am Rhein Panorama from the west Ludwigshafen am Rhein is a city in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, with about 162,000 inhabitants. ...
Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. ...
Mainz (French: Mayence) is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ...
Koblenz (also Coblenz in older German spellings; French Coblence; from Latin Confluentes, confluence or merging (rivers)) is after Mainz and Ludwigshafen am Rhein the third largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate (german Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany. ...
Bonn is a city in Germany (19th largest), in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the north of the Siebengebirge. ...
Cologne (German: ▶ (help· info) [kœln]; Kölsch: Kölle) is Germanys fourth-largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. ...
Düsseldorf is the capital city of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and (together with Cologne) the economic center of Northwestern Germany. ...
Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...
Krefeld is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...
Duisburg is a German city and port in the western part of the Ruhr Area (Ruhrgebiet) in North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
Arnhem is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, located on the Lower Rhine, and the capital of the Gelderland province. ...
Smaller cities Konstanz, Schaffhausen, ..., Speyer, Worms, Bingen,Rüdesheim, Neuwied, Andernach, Bad Honnef, Königswinter, Niederkassel, Wesseling, Dormagen, Zons, Monheim, Wesel, Xanten, Emmerich Konstanz (English typically Constance) is a university town of around 80,000 inhabitants on the shore of Lake Constance in the south-west corner of Germany, bordering Switzerland. ...
Schaffhausen is a city in northern Switzerland; it has an estimated population of 33,527 as of March 31, 2005. ...
Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a city in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx. ...
Worm can refer to: The worm, a collection of animal phyla. ...
Bingen am Rhein, or Bingen, or Bingen on the Rhine is a modern-day city located at the junction of the rivers Rhine and Nahe in southwestern Germany near the city of Mainz. ...
Rüdesheim is a German town located in the heart of the Rhine river area at the southern entrance to the Lorelei valley. ...
Missing image Map of Germany showing Neuwied Neuwied is a town in the Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany, lies on the right bank of the Rhine, 8 miles below Coblenz, on the railway from Frankfurt am Main to Cologne. ...
Andernach is a town in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany on the left bank of the Rhine river, just north of Koblenz. ...
Bad Honnef is a spa town in Germany near Bonn in the Rhein-Sieg district, North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
Königswinter is a town and summer resort of Germany in North Rhine-Westphalia, on the right bank of the Rhine, 24 m. ...
Wesseling is a city in Germany, located 20 km south of Cologne, in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis. ...
Dormagen is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss. ...
Monheim am Rhein is a North-Rhine-Westphalian (Germany) medium-sized municipality in the district of Mettmann between Leverkusen and Düsseldorf. ...
Wesel is a city (population about 61,689 in 2004) in Germany, located at the point where the Lippe River empties into the Rhine. ...
Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ...
The city of Emmerich (or in full Emmerich am Rhein, meaning Emmerich on the Rhine; Dutch Emmerik) stands on the lower part of the River Rhine in the northwest of the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
Railway bridges Railway bridges (with nearest train station on the left and right bank): A log bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle. ...
In rail transport, a train consists of a single or several connected rail vehicles that are capable of being moved together along a guideway to transport freight or passengers from one place to another along a planned route. ...
- Switzerland
- Tens of bridges in Graubünden, too numerous to list
Schaan is the biggest municipality of Liechtenstein. ...
Lustenau is a town in the westernmost Austrian province of Vorarlberg. ...
City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Alsace Département Bas-Rhin (67) Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) (since 2001) Area 78. ...
Kehl is a town in southwestern Germany in the Ortenaukreis, Baden-Württemberg. ...
Map of Germany showing Rastatt Rastatt is a city in the District of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ...
1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ...
1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1278x605, 147 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Rhine ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1278x605, 147 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Rhine ...
Map of Germany showing Karlsruhe Coat of Arms of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe castle at night Karlsruhe (population 282,595 in December 2003) is a city of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border. ...
Map of Germany showing Karlsruhe Coat of Arms of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe castle at night Karlsruhe (population 282,595 in December 2003) is a city of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border. ...
Germersheim is a town in the Bundesland (State) of Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Germany and has abound 20,000 inhabitants. ...
Philippsburg is a small town in Germany, in the district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg. ...
Map of Germany showing Ludwigshafen am Rhein Panorama from the west Ludwigshafen am Rhein is a city in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, with about 162,000 inhabitants. ...
Basic information Country: Germany Federal state: Land Baden-Württemberg Regions: Rhein-Neckar District: Independent municipality Population: 324,787 (Mai 2005) Additional information Area: 144. ...
// Worms (pronounced ) is a city in the southwest of Germany. ...
Cologne (German: ▶ (help· info) [kœln]; Kölsch: Kölle) is Germanys fourth-largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. ...
Overbetuwe is a municipality in the province of Gelderland in the eastern Netherlands. ...
Arnhem is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, located on the Lower Rhine, and the capital of the Gelderland province. ...
Categories: Netherlands geography stubs | Rivers of the Netherlands | Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta ...
Overbetuwe is a municipality in the province of Gelderland in the eastern Netherlands. ...
Elst is the name of a number of Dutch towns: a former municipality, now part of Overbetuwe, in Gelderland a village in the municipalities of Amerongen and Rhenen, in the province of Utrecht a village in the municipality of Maasdonk, in North Brabant This is a disambiguation page — a navigational...
Edited Satellite image of the Rhine-Waal fork, showing the beginning of river Waal (green). ...
Culemborg is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. ...
Houten is a municipality and a town in the central Netherlands. ...
Satellite image of the east bit of the Rhine-Meuse delta showing river Lek (e) — the Kromme Rijn stream is too small to show up on this picture. ...
Zaltbommel is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. ...
Geldermalsen is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. ...
Edited Satellite image of the Rhine-Waal fork, showing the beginning of river Waal (green). ...
Zutphen (old alternate spelling: Zutfen) is a municipality and a town in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands on the right bank of the IJssel at the influx of the Berkel, and a junction station 29 km by rail N.N.E. of Arnhem. ...
Satellite image of the IJssel basin River IJssel, sometimes called Gelderse IJssel (Gelderland IJssel) to avoid confusion with its Holland counterpart, is a 120 km long branch of the Rhine in the Dutch provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel. ...
Tributaries Tributaries from source to mouth: Download high resolution version (794x1114, 84 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (794x1114, 84 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Thur is a 131 km long river in north-eastern Switzerland. ...
Aar (disambiguation). ...
The Birsig river is a small river, which sources in eastern France near the Swiss border. ...
The Ill is a river of Alsace, in north-eastern France. ...
The Nahe is a river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, a tributary to the Rhine. ...
Moselle River/Germany The Moselle (French Moselle, German Mosel, from Latin Mosella, little Meuse) is a river flowing through France, Luxembourg and Germany, joining the Rhine river at Koblenz. ...
The Nette is a small river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, a left tributary of the Rhine. ...
The Ahr is a tributary of the Rhine beginning at a height of approximately 520 meters above sea level in Blankenheim (the Eifel) in Fachwerkhauses to near the Blankenheimer Burg in North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
The Erft is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...
The Ill is a 72 km long tributary of the Rhine river in the western Austrian province of Vorarlberg. ...
The alb, one of the liturgical vestments of the Roman Catholic, Anglican and many Protestant churches, is an ample garment of white linen coming down to the ankles and usually girded with a cincture. ...
The Elz is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine. ...
The Murg is a right tributary of the Rhine, located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ...
The Neckar is a river in Germany, a major tributary of the River Rhine, which it joins at Mannheim. ...
Map showing the position of the Main in Germany The Main (pronounced in FUCKKKK GERmany! German like the English word mine) is a river in Germany, 524 km long (including White Main 574 km), and one of the more significant tributaries of the Rhine river. ...
The river Lahn in Limburg The Lahn is a river in Germany. ...
The Wied is a river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. ...
The Sieg is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany named after the folk of the Sigambrer. ...
The Wupper is a tributary to the Rhine river in Northrhine-Westfalia of Germany. ...
The Düssel is a small right tributary of the River Rhine in North Rhine Westphalia. ...
For the conurbation see Ruhr Area. ...
The Emscher is a relatively small river flowing through the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. ...
The Lippe is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...
Satellite image of the IJssel basin River IJssel, sometimes called Gelderse IJssel (Gelderland IJssel) to avoid confusion with its Holland counterpart, is a 120 km long branch of the Rhine in the Dutch provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel. ...
The Berkel is a tributary of the River IJssel in the Netherlands. ...
Distributaries Satellite image of the IJssel basin River IJssel, sometimes called Gelderse IJssel (Gelderland IJssel) to avoid confusion with its Holland counterpart, is a 120 km long branch of the Rhine in the Dutch provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel. ...
Edited Satellite image of the Rhine-Waal fork, showing the beginning of river Waal (green). ...
Satellite image of the east bit of the Rhine-Meuse delta showing river Lek (e) — the Kromme Rijn stream is too small to show up on this picture. ...
Canals include - Amsterdam-Rhine Canal
- Rhine-Main-Danube Canal
- Scheldt-Rhine Canal
- Rhein-Herne Kanal which is the connection to the Mittellandkanal.
The Amsterdam-Rhine Canal or Amsterdam-Rijnkanaal is a canal in the Netherlands that was built to connect the port city of Amsterdam to the main shipping artery of the Rhine. ...
the Rhine-Main Danube Canal (in the foreground) near Nuremberg The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal (also called Main-Danube Canal, RMD Canal or Europa Canal) connects the Main and Danube from Bamberg by Nuremberg to Regensburg. ...
Satellite image of the Scheldt delta showing the Scheldt-Rhine Canal (h and j) The Scheldt-Rhine Canal (Schelde-Rijn Kanaal) in the Netherlands connects Antwerp with the Volkerak, and thereby the Scheldt with the Rhine. ...
The Mittellandkanal is, at 320 km, the longest artificial waterway in Germany. ...
Geologic History
Alpine Orogeny Since the Rhine flows from the Alps, a precondition of its existence is the uplifting of the Alps, which began in the Alpine Orogeny. The stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of Tethys Sea between the Eurasian and the African plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP. The Mediterranean descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...
The Alps arose as a result of the pressure exerted on sediments of the Tethys Ocean basin as its Mesozoic and early Cenozoic strata were pushed against the stable Eurasian landmass by the northward-moving African landmass. ...
The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 245 to 202 Ma (million years ago). ...
The Mesozoic is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ...
The Tethys Sea was a shallow inland body of water that existed between Laurasia and Gondwana, the geological ancestor of the modern Black, Caspian and Aral Seas. ...
The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ...
Before Present (BP) is a year numbering system, used for the far past times, relating dates to the year 1950. ...
The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...
At about 180 MBP, in the Jurassic Period, the two plates reversed direction and began to compress Tethys floor, causing it to be subducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Periods. Several microplates were caught in the squeeze and rotated or were pushed laterally, generating the individual features of Mediterranean geography: Iberia pushed up the Pyrenees; Italy the Alps, and Anatolia, moving west, the mountains of Greece and the islands. The compression and the orogeny continue today, as the ongoing raising of the mountains a small amount each year and the active volcanoes signify. The Jurassic period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 200 Ma (million years ago) at the end of the Triassic to 146 Ma at the beginning of the Cretaceous. ...
The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ...
The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5. ...
Central Pyrenees The Pyrenees (French: Pyrénées; Spanish: Pirineos; Occitan: Pirenèus or Pirenèas; Catalan Pirineus; Aragonese: Perinés; Basque: Pirinioak) are a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain. ...
Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ...
Just to the north of the Alpine Orogeny were highlands resulting from an earlier orogeny (Variscan) along similar lines. These highlands helped to divert the Rhine to the west; however, the Rhine's course is set by the Rhine graben, a rift that opened in the Eocene and Oligocene periods between the western Alps and the central Alps, caused by their moving in slightly different directions. The rift does not seem to be active now. The Variscan or Hercynian orogeny is a geologic mountain-building event recorded in the European mountains and hills called the Variscan Belt. ...
The Eocene epoch (56-34 Ma) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in the Cenozoic era. ...
The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ...
The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...
Stream Capture The watershed of the Rhine reaches into the Alps today, but it did not start out that way (Berendsen & Stouthamer, 2001; Fig. 2.2). In the Miocene period, the watershed of the Rhine reached south only to the Eifel and Westerwald hills, about 450 km north of the Alps. The Rhine then had the Sieg as a tributary, but not yet the Mosel. The northern Alps were drained by the Donau then. The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...
The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5. ...
The Eifel is a hilly region in Germany. ...
The Westerwald is a mountain chain in Germany. ...
The Sieg is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany named after the folk of the Sigambrer. ...
Moselle River/Germany The Moselle (French Moselle, German Mosel, from Latin Mosella, little Meuse) is a river flowing through France, Luxembourg and Germany, joining the Rhine river at Koblenz. ...
For other uses of Danube, see Danube (disambiguation). ...
Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward. By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges mountains, including the Mosel, the Main, and the Neckar. The northern Alps were drained by the Rhône then. Stream capture is a geological or hydrological phenomenon which occurs when a stream from a neighboring drainage system erodes through the divide between two streams and captures another stream which then is diverted from its former bed and now flows down the bed of the capturing stream. ...
The Pliocene epoch (formerly Pleiocene) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ...
The Vosges mountains are range of mountains in central-western Europe, stretching along the west side of the Rhine valley in a NNE direction, from Basel to Mainz, for a distance of 250 km (150 miles). ...
Map showing the position of the Main in Germany The Main (pronounced in FUCKKKK GERmany! German like the English word mine) is a river in Germany, 524 km long (including White Main 574 km), and one of the more significant tributaries of the Rhine river. ...
The Neckar is a river in Germany, a major tributary of the River Rhine, which it joins at Mannheim. ...
Starry Night Over the Rhone, by Vincent van Gogh (1888) The River Rhône (French Rhône, Occitan Ròse, Franco-Provençal Roun, standard German Rhone, Valais German Rotten) is one of the major rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. ...
By the early Pleistocene period, the Rhine had captured most of its current Alpine watershed from the Rhône, including the Aare. Since that time, the Rhine has added the watershed above Lake Constance (Vorderrhein, Hinterrhein, Alpenrhein; captured from the Rhône), the upper reaches of the Main (beyond Schweinfurt), and the Vosges mountains (captured from the Meuse) to its watershed. The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale. ...
For other possible meanings, see AAR, a disambiguation page The Aar (in German Aare) is the greatest river which both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland. ...
Map of the Bodensee; Schweiz is Switzerland, Deutschland is Germany, and Osterreich is Austria. ...
Schweinfurt is a city in the Unterfranken region of Bavaria in Germany on the right bank of the canalized Main, which is here spanned by several bridges, 27 km North-East of Würzburg. ...
The Meuse (Dutch Maas) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea. ...
Ice Age The Pleistocene (~2.5 million years ago - 10,000 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago six major Ice Ages occurred, in which sealevel dropped 120 m, and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to the NW, through the present North Sea. During the so-called Elsterien glaciation (~420,000 yr BP, marine oxygen isotope stage 12) the northern part of the present North Sea was blocked by the ice, and a large lake developed, that overflowed through the English Channel. This caused the Rhine course to be diverted through the English Channel. Since then, during glacial times, the river mouth was located near Brest(France), and rivers like the Thames, and Seine became tributaries to the Rhine. During interglacials, when sealevel rose to approximately the present level, the Rhine built a delta in what is now called The Netherlands. The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale. ...
During the last Ice Age (~70,000-10,000 yr BP= Before Present), at the end of the Pleistocene, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and then to the southwest, through the English Channel, and finally to the Atlantic Ocean. The English and Irish Channels, the Baltic Sea and the North Sea were still dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m lower than today. At about 5000 BC, flooding and erosion began to open the English Channel. Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age, although its source must then have been a glacier. A tundra with Ice Age flora and fauna stretched across middle Europe from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000-14,000 yr BP, when ice covered Scandinavia and the Baltic, Britain and the Alps, but left the space between as open tundra. The loess, or wind-blown dust over that tundra settled in and around the Rhine Valley, contributing to its current agricultural usefulness. Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ...
The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale. ...
The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53 deg. ...
The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ...
In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. ...
Temperature proxies for the last 40,000 years The Last Glacial Maximum refers to the time of maximum extent of the ice sheets during the last glaciation, approximately 21 thousand years ago. ...
Among the classifications of soil types, loess (pronounced lös, from the German Löß, and ultimately from Swiss German lösch, loose) is a fine, silty, windblown (eolian) type of unconsolidated deposit, or, sometimes the term refers to the soil derived from it. ...
These events were well within the residence of man. Melt water adding to the ocean and land subsidence drowned the former coasts of Europe. The water is still rising, at the rate of about 1-3 mm per year. Further drowning is to come. A road destroyed by subsidence and shear. ...
Rapid warming and change of vegetation to open forest began about 13,000 BP. By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested. About 7000-5000 BP a general warming encouraged migration up the Danube and down the Rhine by peoples to the east, who may also have been encouraged by the sudden massive expansion of the Black Sea as the Mediterranean burst into it through the Bosphorus at about 7500 BP. At least one unsuccessful search for remains of villages on the floor of the Black Sea has been conducted. The Danube (German: , Slovak: Dunaj, Hungarian: , Croatian: Dunav, Serbian: Дунав/Dunav, Bulgarian: Дунав, Romanian: , Ukrainian: , Latin: Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ...
Map of the Black Sea. ...
Fatih Sultan Mehmed Bridge over the Bosporus seen from over Rumelihisarı This article is about the strait; Bosphorus is also a Turkish Boğaziçi or İstanbul Boğazı) is a strait that separates the European part (Rumeli) of Turkey from its Asian part (Anadolu), connecting the Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi) with...
Prehistory
The Palaeolithic
Lower Palaeolithic
Middle Palaeolithic During the Middle Palaeolithic, ca 100,000-30,000 BP (the dates vary a geat deal) western Europe, including the Rhine and Danube Valleys, was occupied by Neanderthal Man, to which belonged the Mousterian culture of stone tools. Mousterian sites are not considered intrusive. It is believed that the Neanderthals may have evolved from the preceding Homo erectus in the vicinity of the glaciers, but the question has by no means been settled definitively. In Europe and Africa the Middle Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is the period of the middle Paleolithic (early Stone Age) that lasted between around 120,000 and 40,000 years ago. ...
Binomial name Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 The Neanderthal or Neandertal was a species of genus Homo (Homo neanderthalensis) that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago (in the Middle Palaeolithic, early Stone Age). ...
Mousterian is a name given by archaeologists to style of flint tools (or industry) dating to the Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age. ...
[[{{{diversity_link}}}|Diversity]] {{{diversity}}} Binomial name Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Trinomial name {{{trinomial}}} Type Species {{{type_species}}} Subspecies Homo erectus palaeojavanicus Homo erectus soloensis [[Image:{{{range_map}}}|{{{range_map_width}}}|]] Synonyms {{{synonyms}}} Homo erectus (upright man) is a hominin species that is believed to be an ancestor of modern humans (with Homo heidelbergensis usually treated...
Neanderthal sites are denser to the south, where open forest prevailed and the limestone terrain offered more caves as dwelling. The Rhine ran through an open tundra, where Neanderthals hunted big game, such as the woolly rhinoceros and the mammoth. Accordingly, open air Mousterian sites have been discovered in and around the Rhine valley. Binomial name Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1807) The Woolly Rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) is an extinct species of rhinoceros that survived the last ice age. ...
Species Mammuthus columbi Columbian mammoth Mammuthus exilis Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus jeffersonii Jeffersonian mammoth Mammuthus meridionalis Mammuthus primigenius Woolly mammoth Mammuthus lamarmorae Sardinian Dwarf Mammoth A mammoth is any of a number of an extinct genus of elephant, often with long curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long...
Upper Palaeolithic
The Mesolithic Prior to about 5600 BC, the Rhine Valley, along with most of Europe, was occupied by Cro-magnon man in the Mesolithic stage of cultural development; that is, they hunted and gathered, but owned a larger and more specialized tool kit than the Palaeolithic people, knew more about the plants and animals, and even may have kept a few animals. The Cro-Magnons form the earliest known European examples of Homo sapiens, the subspecies to which modern humans belong. ...
The Mesolithic (Greek mesos=middle and lithos=stone or the Middle Stone Age) is the period between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. ...
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic – lit. ...
The Neolithic (or New Stone Age) was a period in the development of human technology that is traditionally the last part of the Stone Age. ...
The Linear Pottery culture or (German) Linearbandkeramik (abbr. ...
Michelsberg Culture
Globular Amphora Culture
Chalcolithic
Corded Culture
The Bronze Age
The Iron Age During the early Iron Age, both banks of the Rhine were inhabited by Celtic tribes. However, in the beginning of the Pre-Roman Iron Age, ca 600 BC, the Proto-Germanic tribes crossed the Weser River and the Aller River, and expanded the whole distance to the banks of the Rhine. This expansion is shown archaeologically in the form of the Jastorf culture. From ca 500 BC and onwards, the lower Rhine and not the Weser and the Aller would increasingly mark the border between the Celtic tribes and the Germanic tribes. Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ...
This is a list of Celtic tribes with their geographical localization. ...
A map of the area covered by the Pre-Roman Iron Age, ca 500 BC-1 AD The Pre-Roman Iron Age (also called the Celtic Iron Age) (ca 600 BC or 500 BC - ca 1 AD) designates the earliest part (i. ...
Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC 550s BC Events and Trends Fall of the Assyrian Empire and Rise of Babylon 609 BC _ King Josiah...
Map of the Pre-Roman Iron Age culture(s) associated with Proto-Germanic, ca 500 BC-50 BC. The area south of Scandinavia is the Jastorf culture Proto-Germanic, the proto-language believed by scholars to be the common ancestor of the Germanic languages, includes among its descendants Dutch, Yiddish...
Weser watershed River Weser Orthographic projection centred over Bremen The Weser is a river of north-western Germany. ...
The Aller is a river in Saxony-Anhalt and Lower Saxony, Germany. ...
The Jastorf culture is an Iron Age material culture in northern Europe, dated from about 600 BC to 1. ...
Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC - 450s BC Events and Trends 509 BC - Foundation of the Roman Republic 508 BC - Office of pontifex maximus created...
This is a list of Celtic tribes with their geographical localization. ...
The term Germanic tribes (or Teutonic tribes) applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. ...
Historic and Military Relevance The human history of the Rhine begins with the writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. Nearly all the classical sources mention the Rhine, and the name is always the same: Rhenus in Latin, Greek Rhenos. The Romans viewed the Rhine as the outermost border of civilization and reason, beyond which were mythical creatures and the wild Germans, not far themselves from being beasts of the wilderness they inhabited. As it was a wilderness, the Romans were eager to explore it. This view is typified by Res Gestae Divi Augusti, a long public inscription of Augustus in which he (or his ghost writer) boasts of his exploits, including sending an expeditionary fleet north of the Rhinemouth to Jutland, which no Roman had ever done (he says). See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ...
The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Augustus), until its radical reformation in what was later to be known as the Byzantine Empire. ...
Res Gestae Divi Augusti, (Latin: The Deeds of the Divine Augustus) is the funerary inscription of the first Roman emperor, Augustus, giving a first-person record of his life and accomplishments. ...
The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most...
Jutland Peninsula Jutland (Danish: Jylland; German: Jütland) is a peninsula in northern Europe that forms the mainland part of Denmark and a northern part of Germany, dividing the North Sea from the Baltic Sea. ...
Throughout the long history of Rome, the Rhine was considered the border between Gaul or the Celts and the Germans, even though the border often was violated, as when the Germanics crossed it and joined with the Celts to form the Belgae (descending to Belgium). Typical of this point of view is a quote from Maurus Servius Honoratus, Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (On Book 8 Line 727): Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (from Latin Gallia, c. ...
A Celtic cross. ...
The Belgae were a group of nations or tribes living in north-eastern Gaul, on the west bank of the Rhine, in the 1st century BC, and later also attested in Britain. ...
Maurus (or Marius) Servius Honoratius, Roman grammarian and commentator on Virgil, flourished at the end of the 4th century AD. He is one of the interlocutors in the Saturnalia of Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, and allusions in that work and a letter from Quintus Aurelius Symmachus to Servius show that he...
- "(Rhenus) fluvius Galliae, qui Germanos a Gallia dividit"
- "(The Rhine is a) river of Gaul, which divides the Germans from Gaul."
The Rhine in the earlier sources was always a Gallic river.
As the conflict between Rome and the Germanics grew, the Romans found it necessary to station troops along the Rhine. They kept two army groups there (exercitus), the inferior, or "lower", and the superior, or "upper", which is the first distinction between upper Germany and lower Germany. It originally probably only meant upstream and downstream, the Niederrhein and Oberrhein regions of the map included with this article.
The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about 14 AD and 180 AD the assignment of legions was as follows.
For the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten): I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops); two legions at oppidum Ubiorum ("town of the Ubii"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne. The legions were V Alaudae, a Celtic legion recruited from Gallia Transalpina, and XXI, possibly a Galatian legion from the other side of the empire. The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior (in English: Lower Germany) was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern Netherlands and western Germany. ...
Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ...
Legio I Germanica, the German legion, was a Roman legion, levied in 48 BC by Julius Caesar to fight for him in the civil war against Pompey. ...
Legio XX Valeria Victrix was a Roman legion, probably raised by Augustus sometime after 31 BC. It served in Spain, Illyricum, and Germany before participating in the invasion of Britain in 43 AD, where it remained and was active until at least the beginning of the 4th century. ...
Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ...
The Ubii were a Germanic tribe first encountered dwelling on the right bank of the Rhine in the time of Julius Caesar, who formed an alliance with them in 55 BC in order to launch attacks across the river. ...
Cologne (German: ▶ (help· info) [kœln]; Kölsch: Kölle) is Germanys fourth-largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. ...
Legio V Alaudae, the larks, sometimes known as Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls. ...
Transalpine Gaul was a Roman province whose name was chosen to distinguish it from Cisalpine Gaul. ...
Legio XXI Rapax, the predator, was a Roman legion levied in 31 BC by Augustus, probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. ...
For the Greek name for Gaul, see Gaul Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia (now Turkey). ...
For the army of Germania superior, one legion, II Augusta, at Argentoratum (Strasbourg), and one, XIII Gemina, at Vindonissa (Windisch). Vespasian had commanded II Augusta before his promotion to imperator. In addition were a double legion, XIV and XVI, at Moguntiacum (Mainz). Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ...
Legio II Augusta was a Roman legion, levied by Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus in 43 BC, and still operative in Britannia in 4th century. ...
City motto: – City proper (commune) Région Alsace Département Bas-Rhin (67) Mayor Fabienne Keller (UMP) (since 2001) Area 78. ...
Sestertius minted in 248 by Philip the Arab to celebrate Dacia province and its legions, V Macedonica and XIII Gemina. ...
Mainz (French: Mayence) is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ...
The two originally military districts of Germania Inferior and Germania Superior came to influence the surrounding tribes, who later respected the distinction in their alliances and confederations. For example, the upper Germans combined into the Alemanni. For a time the Rhine ceased to be a border when a union of all the west Germanics, the Franks, crossed the river and occupied Roman-dominated Celtic Gaul as far as Paris. The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior (in English: Lower Germany) was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern Netherlands and western Germany. ...
Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ...
The Alamanni, Allemanni or Alemanni, are a Germanic tribe, first mentioned by Dio Cassius, under the year 213. ...
The Franks or the Frankish people were one of several west Germanic federations. ...
Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (from Latin Gallia, c. ...
The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...
Subsequently language changes began to play a major political role. West Germanic dissimilated into Low German and High German roughly along the old lines. Perhaps it had been doing so all along. Charlemagne united all the Franks in the Holy Roman Empire, but he did not rule over a people of uniform language. After his death the empire split more or less along language lines, with the Low German being spoken in the Netherlands and the High German in what became Germany. The Romanized Franks became the French. The Rhine once again became a political border. West Germanic is the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages, including such languages as German, English and Dutch. ...
Low German (in Low German: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch) is any of a variety of West Germanic languages spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. ...
Subdivisions Central German Upper German High German (in German, Hochdeutsch) is any of several German dialects spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Luxembourg (as well as in neighbouring portions of Belgium, France (Alsace), Italy, Poland, and Romania (Transylvania) and in some areas of former colonial settlement, for example in...
Charlemagne (742 or 747 – 28 January 814) (also Charles the Great; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus), son of King Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 781. ...
The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (German: Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation ▶ (help· info), Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium Nationis Germanicae, see names and designations of the empire) was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...
The Rhine as border has been and is a mystical and political symbol. German authors and composers have written reams about it. During World War II, it was still considered the sacred border of Germany, and was still a defensive barrier. The Germans fought especially hard to defend it. The Rhine is closely linked to many important historical events — particularly military ones — in the adjacent states. For example:
- It was a historic object of frontier trouble between France and Germany. Establishing France's "natural borders" on the Rhine was a long term goal of French foreign policy since the middle ages. French leaders such as Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte tried with varying degrees of success to annex lands west of the Rhine. In 1840 the Rhine crisis evolved, because the French prime minister Adolphe Thiers started to talk about the Rhine border. In response, the nationalistic song The Watch on the Rhine (Die Wacht am Rhein) was composed at that time and during the Franco-Prussian War it rose to the status of an national anthem in Germany. The song calls for defending the Rhine against France. The song remained popular in World War I.
- At the end of WWI the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles, which created lots of bitterness in Germany, and was one of the many reasons for World War II. The reoccupation of the Rhineland by Nazi Germany increased Hitler's popularity in Germany.
- The Rhine bridge of Remagen became famous in World War II when the Germans failed to demolish the bridge in time and the allied troops were able to establish a bridgehead - much to their own surprise.
- Mainz Cathedral - Over 1,000-year-old cathedral is seat to the Bishop of Mainz. Holds significant historic value as seat to the once politically powerful secular prince-archbishop within the Holy Roman Empire. Houses historical funerary monuments and religious artifacts.
- Das Rheingold - The Rhine is one of the settings for the first opera of Richard Wagner's Ring cycle. The action of the epic opens and ends underneath the Rhine, where three Rhinemaidens swim and protect a hoard of gold.
...
The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Augustus), until its radical reformation in what was later to be known as the Byzantine Empire. ...
Natural Borders are country borders which are composed of natural objects such as rivers, mountain ranges, or deserts. ...
The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...
For the musical group of the same name, see Louis XIV (band). ...
Napoleon I of France, by Jacques-Louis David Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution, and the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from 11 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, then as Emperor of the...
1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Louis Adolphe Thiers (April 16, 1797–September 3, 1877) was a French statesman and historian. ...
Die Wacht am Rhein (in English, The Watch on the Rhine) is a German patriotic anthem which was particularly popular during the First World War. ...
The Franco-Prussian War (July 19, 1870 – May 10, 1871) was fought between France and Prussia (backed by the North German Confederation) allied with the south German states of Baden, Bavaria and Württemberg. ...
Combatants Entente Powers Central Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties > 5 million military deaths > 3 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War I, also known as the First World War and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, War to End All Wars was a world...
The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. ...
The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 was the peace treaty which officially ended World War I between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany. ...
Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII or World War Two), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the...
Arnhem is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, located on the Lower Rhine, and the capital of the Gelderland province. ...
A Bridge Too Far is a book by Cornelius Ryan, published in 1974, which tells the story of Operation Market Garden, a failed Allied attempt to force a break in German lines at Arnhem in the occupied Netherlands during World War II. The book was filmed under the same title...
Combatants II SS Panzer CorpsArmy Group BFirst Parachute Army Commanders Montgomery von Rundstedt Strength unknown ~20,000 (start of the Battle) Casualties ~18,000 casualties ~13,000 casualties Operation Market Garden was an Allied military operation in World War II, which took place in September 1944. ...
Remagen is a city in Germany in the Bundesland of Rhineland-Palatinate. ...
Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII or World War Two), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the...
A bridgehead is literally a military fortification that protects the end of a bridge that is closest to the enemy. ...
Mainz Cathedral sits to the right in this sketch (c. ...
Between 780/82 AD and 1802 AD the Archbishop of Mainz, was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince of the middle ages. ...
The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (German: Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation ▶ (help· info), Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium Nationis Germanicae, see names and designations of the empire) was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ...
For the famous train, see Rheingold Express. ...
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 in Leipzig – February 13, 1883 in Venice) was an influential German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his groundbreaking symphonic-operas (or music dramas). His compositions are notable for their continuous contrapuntal texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and elaborate...
The Ring of the Nibelung or, in the original German, Der Ring des Nibelungen, is a series of four epic operas. ...
It has been suggested that Gold bar be merged into this article or section. ...
German Nibelung and the corresponding Old Norse form Niflung (Niflungr) refers in most of the German texts and in all the Old Norse texts to the royal family or lineage of the Burgundians who settled at Worms. ...
In Norse mythology, Sigurd (also Siegfried) was a legendary hero, as well as the central character in the Volsunga saga, Nibelungenlied and Richard Wagners opera, Siegfried, which see for more details. ...
First page from Manuscript C of the Nibelungenlied (ca. ...
Drachenfels in 1921. ...
Bonn is a city in Germany (19th largest), in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the north of the Siebengebirge. ...
Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
References - H.J.A. Berendsen & E. Stouthamer (2001): Palaeogeographic development of the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands; Koninklijke van Gorcum, Assen; ISBN 9023236955
External links - Rüdesheim famous wine-village (English)
Etymology - The *rei- root, American Heritage Dictionary
Geology
History
Castles
Navigation - Rhine Navigation Commission
Travel Guide - Travel Guide to the Middle Rhine (UNESCO World Heritage)
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