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Encyclopedia > Altamont Free Concert
Promotional poster for concert.
Promotional poster for concert.

The Altamont Speedway Free Festival was an infamous rock concert held on December 6, 1969, at the then-disused Altamont Speedway in Northern California, between Tracy and Livermore. Headlined and organized by the The Rolling Stones, it also featured, in order of performance: Santana, Jefferson Airplane, The Flying Burrito Brothers, and Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, with the Stones taking the stage as the final act.[1] The Grateful Dead were also scheduled to perform between CSNY and the Stones, but canceled at the last minute owing to the increasingly disorganized developments at the venue. Approximately 300,000 people attended the concert, and some speculated it would be "Woodstock West." Filmmakers Albert and David Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin shot footage of the concert and incorporated it into a subsequent documentary film entitled Gimme Shelter. Altamont most often refers to: The Altamont Free Concert of December 1969. ... Image File history File links RollingStonesAltamontFreeConcert. ... Image File history File links RollingStonesAltamontFreeConcert. ... The term, rock concert, refers to a musical performance in the style of any one of many genres inspired by rock and roll music. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... This article concerns the music festival. ... Northern California, sometimes referred to as NorCal, is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. ... 11th Street and Central Avenue, Tracy Tracy is a city in San Joaquin County, California, in the United States. ... Livermore is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. ... Rolling Stones redirects here. ... Santana (originally the Santana Blues Band) is a flexible number of musicians accompanying Carlos Santana since the late 1960s. ... Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the psychedelic rock movement. ... Cover of The Gilded Palace of Sin (1969) The Flying Burrito Brothers was an early country rock band, best known for its influential debut album, 1969s The Gilded Palace of Sin. ... Crosby, Stills & Nash, also Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young when including occasional fourth member Neil Young, are a folk rock/rock supergroup. ... Jerry Garcia later in life The Grateful Dead was an American rock band, which was formed in 1965 in San Francisco from the remnants of another band, Mother McCrees Uptown Jug Champions. ... The Woodstock Music and Art Fair was a historic event held at Max Yasgurs 600 acre (2. ... David and Albert Maysles Brothers Albert and David Maysles were a documentary filmmaking team whose films include Salesman, Gimme Shelter and Grey Gardens. ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ... Gimme Shelter is a 1970 documentary film directed by Albert and David Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin, chronicling the Rolling Stones 1969 US tour, which culminated in the disastrous Altamont Free Concert. ...


The event is best known for having been marred by violence, including one killing and three accidental deaths (two caused by a hit-and-run car accident and one by drowning in an "Irrigation Canal"). For other uses, see Violence (disambiguation). ... Look up kill, killing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A railing accidentally collapses at a college football game, spilling fans onto the sidelines An accident is something going wrong unexpectedly. ... Hit-and-run is the crime of colliding with a person, their personal property (including their motor vehicle), or a fixture, and failing to stop and identify oneself afterwards. ...

Contents

Planning

The concert originally was scheduled to be held at Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. However, a previously-scheduled San Francisco 49ers football game the weekend of December 6-7 made that venue impractical, and the permits were never issued for the concert or were revoked after the fact. This was a result of Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones announcing in a press conference that they would be performing at the event; they were to be a surprise appearance. (Their American Tour of 1969 had recently concluded.) Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco, California, is a large urban park. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Rolling Stones redirects here. ... The Rolling Stones 1969 American Tour (which seems to have had no official name) was a much publicised, written about, recorded, and filmed concert tour of the United States that took place during November 1969. ...


With the public revelation that the Stones would be performing, San Francisco city officials feared a repeat of the crowd control problems that occurred at Woodstock. Accusations have arisen that Jagger made this announcement to ensure a large crowd for a planned concert movie. The venue was then changed to the Sears Point Raceway, but after a dispute with the owner of Sears Point, Filmways, Inc., over film distribution rights, the festival was moved to the Altamont Raceway at the suggestion of its then-owner, local businessman Dick Carter. The concert was to take place on Saturday, Dec. 6; the location was switched on the night of Thursday, Dec. 4. This resulted in numerous logistical problems. Most importantly, facilities such as portable toilets and medical tents were lacking in number. The stage, which was only four feet high, was surrounded by members of the Hells Angels motorcycle gang, led by Oakland chapter head Ralph 'Sonny' Barger, who acted as bouncers.[2] The sound system was hardly sufficient for such a large audience. The Woodstock Music and Art Fair was a historic event held at Max Yasgurs 600 acre (2. ... Infineon Raceway, formerly Sears Point Raceway, is a road course and drag strip located on the landform known as Sears Point in the southern Sonoma Mountains near Sonoma, California, USA. The course is a complex series of twists and turns that go up and down the hills. ... Filmways, Inc. ... This article is about the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. ... Oakland redirects here. ... Sonny Barger (born October 8, 1938) is a founding member of the original Oakland, California, USA chapter of Hells Angels (perhaps the most famous motorcycle club in the world), and perhaps the best-known member of the Hells Angels. ...


Hells Angels

By some accounts, the Angels were hired to be security by the Rolling Stones on recommendation from the Grateful Dead for $500 and free beer, a story Carter and Barger both vehemently denied. According to Stones' road manager Sam Cutler, "the only agreement there ever was...the Angels would make sure nobody fucked with the generators, but that was the extent of it. But there was no 'They're going to be the police force' or anything like that. That's all bollocks."[3] Hells Angel member Sweet William recalled this exchange between himself and Cutler at a meeting prior to the concert, where Cutler had asked them to do security: For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ...

"We don't police things. We're not a security force. We go to concerts to enjoy ourselves and have fun."
"Well, what about helping people out - you know, giving directions and things?"
"Sure, we can do that."

When Cutler asked how they would like to be paid, William replied, "we like beer."[4] Other accounts verify that the initial arrangement was for the Angels to watch over the equipment, but that Cutler later moved the Angels, and their beer, near the stage in order to settle them down or to protect the stage.


Ever since Ken Kesey had invited the Hells Angels to one of his outdoor Acid Tests, the bikers had been perceived by the hippies as akin to "noble savages".[5] They had provided security at Grateful Dead shows in the past without reported violence. Further, the Rolling Stones may have been misled by their experience with a British contingent of self-described "Hells Angels", a peaceful group of admirers of American biker-gear, who had been present at a free concert the Stones had given earlier that year in Hyde Park, London.[5] Kenneth Elton Kesey (September 17, 1935 – November 10, 2001) was an American author, best known for his novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, and as a counter-cultural figure who, some consider, was a link between the beat generation of the 1950s and the hippies of the 1960s. ... The Acid Tests were a series of psychedelic parties held by Ken Kesey in the San Francisco Bay Area during the early 1960s, centered entirely around the use, experimentation, and advocacy of LSD, also known as acid. ... Hippies (singular hippie or sometimes hippy) were members of the 1960s counterculture movement who adopted a communal or nomadic lifestyle, renounced corporate nationalism and the Vietnam War, embraced aspects of Buddhism, Hinduism, and/or Native American religious culture, and were otherwise at odds with traditional middle class Western values. ... A section of Benjamin Wests The Death of General Wolfe; Wests depiction of this American Indian has been considered an idealization in the tradition of the Noble savage (Fryd, 75) In the 17th century culture of Primitivism the noble savage, uncorrupted by the influences of civilization, was considered... “Hyde Park” redirects here. ...


Crowd management proved to be difficult. Many spectators were injured and four died. Over the course of the day, the Hells Angels became increasingly agitated and violent. In addition, at least one witness stated that the group of Angels at the concert were relatively young and inexperienced and that "their leaders weren't there". [6] The Angels used weighted sawed-off pool cues in order to control the crowd, or aimed at troublemakers with their bikes at full throttle, causing serious injuries.[5] After one of the Angels' motor bikes was knocked over, the Angels became even more aggressive, even toward the performers onstage. Marty Balin of Jefferson Airplane was knocked unconscious following an altercation with an Angel on stage, as seen in the documentary film Gimme Shelter.[7] The Grateful Dead refused to play following the Balin incident, and left the venue. Marty Balin (born Martyn Jerel Buchwald, January 30, 1942, in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American musician. ... Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the psychedelic rock movement. ... Gimme Shelter is a 1970 documentary film directed by Albert and David Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin, chronicling the Rolling Stones 1969 US tour, which culminated in the disastrous Altamont Free Concert. ... This article is about the band. ...


The organizers hoped to ease tensions in the crowd by having the Stones perform early, but it was hours before the Stones took the stage. Accusations that Mick Jagger did not want to take the stage during daylight hours due to the filming of the concert have been voiced in the past, but in commentary on the official Gimme Shelter DVD, it is reported that Stones bassist Bill Wyman was having difficulties reaching the venue. Bill Wyman (born William George Perks on 24 October 1936) was the bassist for the English rock and roll band The Rolling Stones from its founding in 1962 until 1993. ...


The death of Meredith Hunter

Meredith Hunter, an 18-year-old black man, became involved in an altercation with some Hells Angels and drew a long-barreled revolver. It is clear that Hunter drew his weapon before he was stabbed the first time. He was stabbed five times in total and kicked to death during the Rolling Stones' performance. His graphic death near the stage was clearly captured on film by three separate cameras. The killer, Alan Passaro, was arrested and tried for murder in the summer of 1972, but was acquitted after a jury concluded he acted in self-defense because Hunter was carrying a handgun, drew it, and allegedly pointed it at the stage. It was also alleged that Hunter was under the influence of methamphetamine. Meredith Hunter Meredith Hunter (October 24, 1951 – December 6, 1969) was a spectator at the infamous Altamont Free Concert. ... For other uses, see Revolver (disambiguation). ... Alan Passaro Alan David Passaro (August 23, 1948 – March 29, 1985) was a notorious Hells Angels member famous for the 1969 stabbing of Meredith Hunter at the Altamont rock-festival during the Rolling Stones set. ... This article is about the psychostimulant, d-methamphetamine. ...


Footage from Gimme Shelter shows that while the Rolling Stones were ending "Under My Thumb," Hunter was approaching the stage and drawing his gun; Passaro subsequently parried the gun with his left hand and stabbed Hunter in the upper back with his right. The same footage also gives a glimpse of audience members and some of the Angels on the Stones' stage at the time. This incident is detailed in Rolling Stone.[8] Gimme Shelter is a 1970 documentary film directed by Albert and David Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin, chronicling the Rolling Stones 1969 US tour, which culminated in the disastrous Altamont Free Concert. ... Under My Thumb is a song written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards for The Rolling Stones. ... This article is about the magazine. ...


The Rolling Stones had to interrupt their performance numerous times. Unaware that Hunter's stabbing was fatal, the Stones decided to continue to prevent a possible riot.


There have been rumors, over the years, that a second, unidentified assailant had inflicted the fatal wounds, and, as a result, the police considered the case still open. On 25 May 2005, however, the Alameda County Sheriff's Office announced that it was officially closing the stabbing case. Investigators, concluding a renewed two-year investigation, dismissed the theory that a second Hells Angel took part in the stabbing. [9] is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Reactions

Various news agencies reported the event as a "drug-induced riot."[cite this quote]


The Altamont concert is often contrasted to the Woodstock festival that took place four months earlier, and is sometimes said to mark the end of the hippie era, of the innocence embodied by Woodstock, or the de facto end of the 1960s. Critics called the tragedy the "Death of the Woodstock Nation"[cite this quote] and all future rock concerts were banned at the site. The Woodstock Music and Art Fair was a historic event held at Max Yasgurs 600 acre (2. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969. ...


Several Grateful Dead songs were written about — or in response to — what lyricist Robert Hunter called "the Altamont affair," including "New Speedway Boogie" (featuring the line "One way or another, this darkness got to give") and "Mason's Children." Both songs were written and recorded during sessions for the early 1970 album Workingman's Dead, but "Mason's Children" was viewed as too "popular" stylistically and was consequently not included on the album. A later Dead song, "My Brother Esau," contains the line "My brother Esau killed a hunter / Back in 1969," was known to be a commentary on the Viet Nam war, but some believe it to be a reference to the death of Meredith Hunter.[citation needed] Don McLean, who took moral exception to Mick Jagger and Rolling Stones, referenced the incident in his song "American Pie," through the following verses: "Oh, and as I watched him on the stage / my hands were clenched in fists of rage. No angel born in hell /could break that satan's spell. And as the flames climbed high into the night, / to light the sacrificial rite / I saw Satan laughing with delight / the day the music died." Robert C. Hunter (born June 23, 1941) is an American lyricist, singer songwriter, and poet, best known for his association with Jerry Garcia and the Grateful Dead. ... Workingmans Dead (Warner Brothers 1969) is one of the most commercially successful albums by the American rock/folk group the Grateful Dead. ... For other people with similar names see Don MacLean. ...


See also

The Aquarian Family Festival was a free three-day music festival held in San Jose, California on May 23rd, 24th, and 25th, 1969. ... The Woodstock Music and Art Fair was a historic event held at Max Yasgurs 600 acre (2. ... This article is about the rock band. ... This article is about the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. ... Altamont is a is a skateboard apparel company based in Lake Forest, California. ...

References

  1. ^ Wyman, p. 352
  2. ^ Gimme Shelter
  3. ^ McNally, p. 344
  4. ^ Ibid.
  5. ^ a b c Miller, James. Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 1947-1977. Simon & Schuster (1999), pp. 275-77. ISBN 0-684-80873-0.
  6. ^ Unidentified witness, possibly Paul Kantner, quoted in Negativland's "How Radio Was Done: Episode 36". Over the Edge April 20, 2007, audio stream accessed 2007-08-28.
  7. ^ Albert Maysles, David Maysles and Charlotte Zwerin, directors. Gimme Shelter[1]
  8. ^ Burks, John, "Rock & Roll's Worst Day: The aftermath of Altamont", Rolling Stone, 1970-02-07, URL retrieved 2007-04-18.
  9. ^ USA TODAY, Investigators close decades old Altamont killing case

Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the LSD-influenced psychedelic rock movement. ... For the album, see Negativland (album). ... This article is about the magazine. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Further reading

  • McNally, Dennis. A Long Strange Trip: the Inside History of the Grateful Dead (First Edition), 2002. ISBN 0-7679-1185-7
  • Wyman, Bill. Rolling with the Stones (First Edition), 2002. ISBN 0-7894-8967-8
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The Summer Sonic Festival is an annual 2 day rock festival held at the same time in Osaka and near Tokyo. ... History: (Timeline and Samples) Genres Classical - Folk - Hardcore - Hip hop - Opera - Operett - Pop - Reggea - Rock - Wedding pop - Wedding rock Organisations Mahasz Awards Golden Giraffe Charts MAHASZ TOP 40 album, MAHASZ Kislemez TOP 10, Dance TOP 40 Festivals Sziget, Mayday, Táncháztalálkozó, Miskolc Opera Festival Media Radio Petőfi... T in the Park is a major music festival that has been held annually in Scotland since 1994. ... T On The Fringe, sponsored by Tennents Lager, is a music festival which runs as part of the Edinburgh Festival. ... For the North American spin-off of the rock festival, see Virgin Festival For the Australian spin-off, see V Festival (Australia) The V Festival is an annual music festival in England, the first to be held simultaneously at two sites - currently Hylands Park in Chelmsford and Weston Park in... For the original rock festival held in England, see V Festival Virgin Festival is a rock festival held in the United States and Canada. ... The 2005 Vegoose Logo Vegoose is an annual Halloween music and arts festival that first took place in 2005 in Las Vegas, Nevada. ... Since its 1999 debut, the VOODOO MUSIC EXPERIENCE (http://www. ... Vicentico performing on Vive Latino 2005 Vive Latino is an annual rock music festival held in Mexico City. ... For the German town, see Wacken, Schleswig-Holstein. ... Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival is a four-day weekend music festival held annually in early June just outside of Lawrence, Kansas at Clinton State Park. ... Warped Tour is a touring music and extreme sports festival. ... Wave-Gotik-Treffen (German das Treffen means meeting) is an annual festival for music and arts in Leipzig, Germany. ... Weenie Roast is a multi-artist alternative rock concert, presented annually by the Los Angeles, California, USA radio station KROQ, beginning in 1993. ... The O2 Wireless Festival is a music festival in England that takes place every year in both Hyde Park, London and at Harewood House, Leeds. ... The festivals logo, the Womad lion World of Music, Arts and Dance (WOMAD) is a festival started in Shepton Mallet, England in 1982. ... Rolling Stones redirects here. ... Sir Michael Phillip Mick Jagger (born July 26, 1943) is a English rock musician, actor, songwriter, record and film producer and businessman. ... Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943) is an English guitarist, songwriter, singer and a founding member of The Rolling Stones in 1962. ... Charles Robert Charlie Watts (born 2 June 1941) is the drummer of The Rolling Stones. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other persons named Brian Jones, see Brian Jones (disambiguation). ... Michael Mick Kevin Taylor (born 17 January 1948 in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire) is an English musician best known as a former guitarist for The Rolling Stones. ... Ian AR Stewart (18 July 1938 – 12 December 1985) was a Scottish rock musician. ... Bill Wyman (born William George Perks on 24 October 1936) was the bassist for the English rock and roll band The Rolling Stones from its founding in 1962 until 1993. ... Dick Taylor performing with The Pretty Things in 1999. ... Chuck Leavell (born Charles Alfred Leavell, April 28, 1952) is an American pianist and keyboardist, who was a member of The Allman Brothers Band during the height of their popularity, a founding member of the jazz-rock combo Sea Level, a frequently-employed session musician, and later, the keyboardist for... Darryl Jones (born December 11, 1961), also known as The Munch, is an American bassist, highly regarded in both jazz and rock music. ... Nicholas Nicky Hopkins (February 24, 1944 in Ealing, West London – September 6, 1994 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA) was an English musician who featured on scores of the most important British and American popular music recordings of the 1960s and 1970s, playing piano and organ. ... Bobby Keys is a saxophone player. ... James Jimmy Miller (23 March 1942 - 22 October 1994) was a Brooklyn-born record producer who produced albums for the Spencer Davis Group (and co-wrote the song Im A Man with Steve Winwood), Traffic, Blind Faith, Bobby Whitlock, Kracker and the Rolling Stones (all albums from Beggars Banquet... Jim Price was, together with Bobby Keys and Jim Horn one of the most in demand horn session players of the 1970s. ... William Everett Preston (September 2, 1946 – June 6, 2006) was an American soul musician from Houston, Texas, raised mostly in Los Angeles, California. ... Don Was (born Don Fagenson on September 13, 1952 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American musician and a music and record producer. ... Alternate cover Englands Newest Hit Makers cover The Rolling Stones is the debut album by The Rolling Stones and was released in the United Kingdom in April 1964, following a month later in the United States as Englands Newest Hit Makers with a song substitution. ... The Rolling Stones No. ... Out Of Our Heads is The Rolling Stones third UK album and their fourth in the US. It was released in 1965 through their original distributors (Decca Records in the UK and London Records in the US), but with significant differences in both territories. ... Alternate cover American cover Aftermath is the fourth UK and sixth US studio album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1966. ... Between the Buttons is the fifth UK and seventh US studio album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1967 as the follow-up to the ambitious Aftermath. ... Alternate cover Englands Newest Hit Makers cover The Rolling Stones is the debut album by The Rolling Stones and was released in the United Kingdom in April 1964, following a month later in the United States as Englands Newest Hit Makers with a song substitution. ... 12 X 5 is the second US album by The Rolling Stones released in 1964 following the massive success of their debut The Rolling Stones in the UK and the promising sales of its American substitute Englands Newest Hit Makers . ... The Rolling Stones, Now! is the third US album by The Rolling Stones and was released in the 1965 by their initial American distributor, London Records. ... Out Of Our Heads is The Rolling Stones third UK album and their fourth in the US. It was released in 1965 through their original distributors (Decca Records in the UK and London Records in the US), but with significant differences in both territories. ... Decembers Children (And Everybodys) is the fifth US album by The Rolling Stones, released in late 1965. ... Alternate cover American cover Aftermath is the fourth UK and sixth US studio album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1966. ... Between the Buttons is the fifth UK and seventh US studio album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1967 as the follow-up to the ambitious Aftermath. ... Their Satanic Majesties Request is a psychedelic rock album by The Rolling Stones recorded and released in 1967. ... Alternate cover Initially rejected cover of Beggars Banquet Beggars Banquet is an LP released in 1968 by The Rolling Stones. ... This article is about the 1969 album by The Rolling Stones. ... Alternate cover Cover of Spanish edition Sticky Fingers is an album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1971. ... Exile on Main St. ... Goats Head Soup is an album by The Rolling Stones released in 1973. ... For the Waylon Jennings album, see Its Only Rock and Roll For the Only Fools and Horses episode, see Its Only Rock and Roll (Only Fools and Horses) Its Only Rock n Roll is an album by The Rolling Stones