Established alternatives for some aspects of automobile use include public transit (buses, trolleybuses, trains, subways, monorails, tramways), cycling, walking, rollerblading and skateboarding. Car-share arrangements are also increasingly popular – the U.S. market leader has experienced double-digit growth in revenue and membership growth between 2006 and 2007, offering a service that enables urban residents to "share" a vehicle rather than own a car in already congested neighborhoods.^[1] Bike-share systems have been tried in some European cities, including Copenhagen and Amsterdam. Similar programs have been experimented with in a number of U.S. Cities.^[2] Additional individual modes of transport, such as personal rapid transit could serve as an alternative to automobiles if they prove to be socially accepted.^[3] A taxi serving as a bus Public transport comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. ... A Go North East bus parked in a lay-by in Tyne and Wear, England. ... Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius, Lithuania. ... An SP freight train west of Chicago in 1992. ... A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway—usually in an urban area—with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... A tram system, tramway, or street railway is a railway on which trams (streetcars, trolleys) run. ... Police officer on a bicycle Cycling is a recreation, a sport and a means of transport across land. ... An animated demonstration of a six-legged insect walking. ... Roller skating girl in Rome, Italy (soul grind) Roller skating is travelling on smooth terrain with roller skates. ... A skateboarder performing a frontside lipslide Skateboarding is the act of rolling on or performing tricks with a skateboard. ... Carsharing is a system where a fleet of cars (or other vehicles) is owned and operated/overseen by a company, public agency, cooperative, ad hoc grouping, or even a single individual, and made available for use by members of the carshare group in a wide variety of ways. ... Artists rendering of SkyTran, a proposed PRT design. ...

Competing solutions

• Bicycle
• Electric motorcycles and scooters
• Walking
• Llamas
• Electric trains
• Trams, Subways, Trolleybuses and Renewable Energy Buses
• Personal Rapid Transit
• Public transport in general when utilisation is moderate or high
• Segway

The list of modes of transport above generally pollute less than the conventional (petrol) car, except Llamas, which tend to fart alot. Additionally they are claimed to have other significant benefits in the following fields:^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Information. ... “Velo” redirects here. ... Electric scooter at the 2005 Vancouver EV gathering Electric motorcycles and scooters are vehicles with 2-3 wheels that attain locomotion via an electric motor. ... An animated demonstration of a six-legged insect walking. ... Binomial name Lama glama (Linnaeus, 1758) The Llama (Lama glama) is a large camelid native to South America. ... An SP freight train west of Chicago in 1992. ... A modern tram in the Töölö district of Helsinki, Finland A tram (or tramway, trolley, streetcar, tramcar, Straßenbahn) is a railborne vehicle (lighter than a train) for transport of passengers (or, occasionally, freight). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Å koda 14 Tr trolleybus in Vilnius, Lithuania. ... A Go North East bus parked in a lay-by in Tyne and Wear, England. ... Artists rendering of SkyTran, a proposed PRT design. ... Skytrain Bangkok. ... Inventor Dean Kamen demonstrates the Segway HT at the U.S. Department of Commerce on February 14, 2002. ...

• Reduced traffic death tolls
• Space requirements, both for parking and driving (extra roads/lanes, sometimes cutting nature zones in half)
• Life-cycle resource usage, and pollution
  • energy expenditure for production and driving
  • air pollution, ground water pollution, toxic waste, noise pollution and climate change, through production, driving and disposal
• Social inclusion
• Economic and social equity
• Liveable streets and cities, towns and villages v.s. sprawl and car dependence
• For some solutions: Increased, regular, low-impact exercise, tailored to the needs of human bodies. This goes for public transport as well to the extent that they are combined in a multi-modal transport chain including walking or cycling.

The benefits of possible future car technologies, not yet in widespread use, like zero-emissions vehicles over these alternatives, would be:^[4] It has been suggested that NMVOC be merged into this article or section. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400,000 years For current global climate change, see Global warming. ... General Motors EV1 A zero-emissions vehicle, or ZEV will produce no emissions or pollution from the vehicle when stationary or operating. ...

• Increased mobility in rural settings and in some other areas where traffic jams are not severe
• Possibly higher social status
• Overall a better provision for privacy
• Profit for the multinational firms producing cars, and possibly for their employees

References

1. ^ Flexcar Expands to Philadelphia. Green Car Congress (2007-04-02).
2. ^ About Bike Share Programs. Tech Bikes MIT.
3. ^ Jane Holtz Kay (1998). Asphalt Nation: how the automobile took over America, and how we can take it back. ISBN 0520216202. 
4. ^ Transology: M.I.T. Future Car Workshop