Aluminium chloride
General
Systematic name	Aluminium(III) chloride
Other names	Aluminium trichloride
Molecular formula	AlCl3
Molar mass	133.34 g mol−1 (anhydrous) 241.432 g mol−1 (hexahydrate)
Appearance	Pale yellow solid, hygroscopic.
CAS number	[7446-70-0] (anhydrous) [10124-27-3] (hexahydrate)
Properties
Density (solid)	2.44 g cm−3 (anhydrous) 2.40 g cm³ (hexahydrate)
Solubility in water	43.9 g/100 ml (0°C) 44.9 g/100 ml (10°C) 45.8 g/100 ml (20°C) 46.6 g/100 ml (30°C) 47.3 g/100 ml (40°C) 48.1 g/100 ml (60°C) 48.6 g/100 ml (80°C) 49 g/100 ml (100°C)
In ethanol In chloroform In diethyl ether In CCl4	100 g/100 ml (12.5°C) 0.072 g/100 ml (20°C) Soluble Soluble
Melting point	190 °C (463 K) under 2.5 atm pressure
Boiling point	178 °C (351 K) (subl)
Acidity (pKa)	?
Structure
Molecular shape	Trigonal planar (monomeric vapour)
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (solid) Tetrahedral (liquid)
Crystal structure	6-coordinate layer lattice
Dipole moment	? D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Corrosive (C)
NFPA 704	anhydrous
R-phrases	R34
S-phrases	S1/2, S7/8, S28, S45
Supplementary data page
Structure & properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	Aluminium fluoride Aluminium bromide Aluminium iodide
Other cations	Boron trichloride Gallium(III) chloride Indium(III) chloride Thallium(III) chloride Magnesium chloride
Related Lewis acids	Iron(III) chloride Boron trifluoride
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) is a compound of aluminium and chlorine. The solid has a low melting and boiling point, and is covalently bonded. It sublimes at 178 °C. Molten AlCl₃ conducts electricity poorly,^[1] unlike more ionic halides such as sodium chloride. It exists in the solid state as a six-coordinate layer lattice. This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x773, 214 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Aluminium chloride User:Benjah-bmm27/Gallery User:Ben Mills/Gallery ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... 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Diethyl ether, also known as ether and ethoxyethane, is a clear, colorless, and highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and a characteristic smell. ... R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , , , Flash point non flammable RTECS number FG4900000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale. ... The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale where absolute zero—the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy remains in a substance—is defined as zero kelvin (0 K). ... The use of water pressure - the Captain Cook Memorial Jet in Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... 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The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... ... ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Basic schematic of a mass spectrometer Mass spectrometry (also known as mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or in common speech mass-spec) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms that normally are electrically neutral and achieve their status as an ion by loss or addition of one or more electrons. ... Aluminium fluoride, AlF3, is made by treating the aluminium hydroxide with HF, or can be made from the elements. ... Aluminum bromide (CAS registry number: 7727-15-3) is a hygroscopic compound and appears as white to yellow-red lumps. ... Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound containing only aluminium and iodine. ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms that normally are electrically neutral and achieve their status as an ion by loss or addition of one or more electrons. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Indium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula InCl3. ... Magnesium chloride is composed of magnesium and chlorine and is a typical ionic halide, being highly polar and soluble in water. ... In chemistry, a Lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. ... Iron(III) chloride, generically called ferric chloride, is an iron-based salt of chemical formula FeCl3. ... Boron trifluoride (BF3, trifluoroborane) is a pungent colourless toxic gas. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Sublimation of an element or substance is a conversion between the solid and the gas phases with no intermediate liquid stage. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale. ... Conductance can refer to: Electrical conductance, the reciprocal of electrical resistance. ... Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ... Electron configurations of lithium and fluorine. ... A halide is a binary compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, or astatide compound. ... Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. ...

AlCl₃ adopts the "YCl₃" structure, featuring Al³⁺ cubic close packed layered structure.^[2] In contrast, AlBr₃ has a more molecular structure, with the Al³⁺ centers occupying adjacent tetrahedral holes of the close-packed framework of Br⁻ ions. Upon melting AlCl₃ gives the dimer Al₂Cl₆, which can vaporise. At higher temperatures this Al₂Cl₆ dimer dissociates into trigonal planar AlCl₃, which is structurally analogous to BF₃. Sucrose, or common table sugar, is composed of glucose and fructose. ... Vapor (US English) or vapour (British English) is the gaseous state of matter. ... Fig. ... Dissociation in chemistry and biochemistry is a general process in which complexes, molecules, or salts separate or split into smaller molecules, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner. ... Boron trifluoride (BF3, trifluoroborane) is a pungent colourless toxic gas. ...

Aluminum chloride is highly deliquescent, and it can explode in contact with water because of the high heat of hydration. It partially hydrolyses with H₂O, forming some hydrogen chloride and/or hydrochloric acid. Aqueous solutions of AlCl₃ are fully ionized, and thus conduct electricity well. Such solutions are found to be acidic, indicating that partial hydrolysis of the Al³⁺ ion is occurring. This can be described (simplified) as: Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2200x715, 329 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Aluminium chloride ... Deliquescent materials are substances (mostly salts) which have a strong affinity for moisture and will absorb relatively large amount of water from the atmosphere if exposed to it, forming a liquid solution. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... In chemistry, hydration is the condition of being combined with water. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a molecule is split into two parts by reacting with a molecule of water, which has the chemical formula H2O. One of the parts gets an OH- from the water molecule and the other part gets an H+ from the water. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Dissolving table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of one or more substances, known as solutes, dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. ... Conductance can refer to: Electrical conductance, the reciprocal of electrical resistance. ... Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. ... For other uses, see Acid (disambiguation). ... Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a molecule is split into two parts by reacting with a molecule of water, which has the chemical formula H2O. One of the parts gets an OH- from the water molecule and the other part gets an H+ from the water. ...

Download high resolution version (825x319, 3 KB)Bronsted-Lowry acidity of Al3+ ions in water This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ...

AlCl₃ is probably the most commonly used non-Bronsted Lewis acid and also one of the most powerful. It finds widespread application in the chemical industry as a catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reactions, both acylations and alkylations. It also finds use in polymerization and isomerization reactions of hydrocarbons. Aluminum chloride, like similar compounds such as Aluminium chlorohydrate, is also commonly used as an antiperspirant. In chemistry, a Lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. ... Chemical tanks in Lillebonne, France Chemical industry includes those industries involved in the production of petrochemicals, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers, paints, oleochemicals etc. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Catalysis. ... The Friedel-Crafts reactions were developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877. ... This is the article about the process. ... In chemistry, isomerization is the transformation of a molecule into a different isomer. ... Hydrocarbons are refined at oil refineries and processed at chemical plants In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ... Aluminium chlorohydrate is a group of salts having the general formula AlnCl(3n-m)(OH)m. ... Deodorants are cosmetic substances applied to the body, most frequently the armpits, to reduce the odor of perspiration. ...

Aluminium also forms a lower chloride, aluminum(I) chloride (AlCl), but this is very unstable and only known in the vapour phase.^[1] General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ...

Chemical Properties

Aluminium chloride is a powerful Lewis acid, capable of forming stable Lewis acid-base adducts with even weak Lewis bases such as benzophenone or mesitylene.^[3] Not surprisingly it forms AlCl₄⁻ in the presence of chloride ion. In chemistry, a Lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. ... A Lewis base is any molecule or ion that can form a new covalent bond by donating a pair of electrons. ... Benzophenone, also known as diphenylmethanone, phenyl ketone, diphenyl ketone, or benzoylbenzene. ... In organic chemistry, mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (C9H12) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with three methyl substituents attached to the benzene ring. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ...

In water, partial hydrolysis forms HCl gas or H₃O⁺, as described in the overview above. Aqueous solutions behave similarly to other aluminium salts containing hydrated Al³⁺ ions - for example giving a gelatinous precipitate of aluminium hydroxide upon reaction with the correct quantity of aqueous sodium hydroxide: R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral (without a net charge). ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms that normally are electrically neutral and achieve their status as an ion by loss or addition of one or more electrons. ... Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is the most stable form of aluminium in normal conditions. ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base. ...

AlCl₃(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Al(OH)₃(s) + 3NaCl(aq) Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is the most stable form of aluminium in normal conditions. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

Preparation

Aluminium chloride is manufactured by the exothermic reaction of the elements,^[1] aluminium and chlorine. It is commercially available in large quantities. Exothermic means to release energy in the form of heat. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ...

Uses

The Friedel-Crafts reaction^[3] is the major use for aluminium chloride, for example in the preparation of anthraquinone (for the dyestuffs industry) from benzene and phosgene.^[1] In the general Friedel-Crafts reaction^[3] an acyl chloride or alkyl halide reacts with an aromatic system as shown: The Friedel-Crafts reactions were developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877. ... Anthraquinone (9,10-dioxoanthracene) is an aromatic organic compound whose structure is shown to the right. ... Yarn drying after being dyed in the early American tradition, at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... Benzene, also known as benzol, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6. ... Phosgene (also known as carbonyl chloride, COCl2) is a highly toxic gas or refrigerated liquid that was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. It has no color, but is detectable in air by its odor, which resembles moldy hay. ... The Friedel-Crafts reactions were developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877. ... General Chemical Structure of an Acyl Chloride In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound which is a reactive derivative of a carboxylic acid. ... In chemistry, an alkyl halide is an organic molecule of the form R_X, where X is a halide and R contains a carbon atom bonded to other functional groups or hydrogens. ... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ...

Download high resolution version (1600x622, 11 KB)Friedel-Crafts reactions catalysed by AlCl3 This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ...

With benzene derivatives, the major product is the para isomer. The alkylation reaction has many associated problems, such as in Friedel-Crafts, so it is less widely used than the acylation reaction. For both reactions the aluminum chloride (and other materials and the equipment) must be moderately dry, although a trace of moisture is necessary for the reaction to proceed. A general problem with the Friedel-Crafts reaction is that the aluminium chloride "catalyst" needs to be present in full stoichiometric quantities in order for the reaction to go to completion, because it complexes strongly with the products (see chemical properties above). This makes it very difficult to recycle, so it must be destroyed after use, generating a large amount of corrosive waste. For this reason chemists are examining the use of more environmentally benign catalysts such as ytterbium(III) triflate or dysprosium(III) triflate, which can be recycled. Benzene, also known as benzol, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6. ... In mathematics, a derivative is defined as the instantaneous rate of change of a function and the process of finding the derivative is called differentiation. ... Peoples Action for Rural Awakening The word Para- in English, is an affix of ancient Greek and Latin origin, mostly used as a prefix. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently. ... The Friedel-Crafts reactions were developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Catalysis. ... [[Media:[[Media: == Stoichiometry (sometimes called reaction stoichiometry to distinguish it from composition stoichiometry) is the calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations). ... Synthesis of copper(II)-tetraphenylporphine, a metal complex, from tetraphenylporphine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. ... Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ... Yb redirects here; for the unit of information see Yottabit General Name, Symbol, Number ytterbium, Yb, 70 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 173. ... Triflate, more formally known as trifluoromethanesulfonate, has the structure CF3SO3-. It is an extremely stable polyatomic ion, being the conjugate base of triflic acid (CF3SO3H), one of the strongest acids known and a super acid. ... General Name, Symbol, Number dysprosium, Dy, 66 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 162. ... The international recycling symbol. ...

Aluminium chloride can also be used to introduce aldehyde groups onto aromatic rings, for example via the Gatterman-Koch reaction which uses carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride and a copper(I) chloride co-catalyst):^[4] An aldehyde. ... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ... The Gattermann-Koch reaction in organic chemistry refers to a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrochloric acid are used in-situ with Friedel-Crafts catalyst, namely AlCl3 to produce a benzaldehye-derivative from a benzene-derivative in one step. ... Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Catalysis. ...

Download high resolution version (1400x572, 9 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ...

Aluminium chloride finds a wide variety of other applications in organic chemistry.^[5] For example, it can catalyse the "ene reaction", such as the addition of 3-buten-2-one (methyl vinyl ketone) to carvone:^[6] Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. ... Ene reactions are Group transfer reactions between an alkyne or alkene, or similar double bonded species and an allyl-like species. ... // Carvone Carvone is a member of a family of chemicals called terpenoids. ...

Download high resolution version (1844x606, 10 KB)An example of an ene reaction catalysed by aluminium chloride File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

AlCl₃ is also widely used for polymerization and isomerization reactions of hydrocarbons. Important examples^[1] include the manufacture of ethylbenzene, which used to make styrene and thus polystyrene, and also production of dodecylbenzene, which is used for making detergents. This is the article about the process. ... In chemistry, isomerization is the transformation of a molecule into a different isomer. ... Hydrocarbons are refined at oil refineries and processed at chemical plants In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ... Chemical Structure of Ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene is an organic chemical compound which is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C8H10. ... C8H8 redirects here. ... Polystyrene is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum. ... Display of Tide on sale at a supermarket Laundry detergents are just only one of many possibilities of use of the detergents Detergent is a compound, or a mixture of compounds, intended to assist cleaning. ...

Aluminum chloride combined with aluminum in the presence of an arene can be used to synthesize bis(arene) metal complexes, e.g. bis(benzene)chromium, from certain metal halides via the so-called Fischer-Hafner synthesis. Bis(benzene)chromium is the chemical compound with the formula Cr(η6-C6H6)2. ... Ernst Otto Fischer is a German chemist. ...

Precautions

Avoid bringing anhydrous AlCl₃ in contact with water or bases, or an explosive reaction may result. Gloves and safety goggles should be worn, along with a face shield for larger amounts. The material should be handled in a fume cupboard or chemical hood. When handled in moist air, AlCl₃ rapidly absorbs moisture to become a highly acidic and sticky "goo", and it rapidly attacks many materials such as stainless steel and rubber. This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... A bases in chemistry is a chemical substance which has a free pair of electrons to bind a Hydrogen ion commonly referred to as a proton (IUPAC definition). ... Watersport goggles Blowtorching goggles and safety helmet Goggles are a form of protective eyewear that usually enclose the eye area to prevent particulates or chemicals from striking the eyes. ... Face shield refers to a variety of device used to protect a first aid rescuer during the delivery of oxygen in Rescue breathing or CPR. Category: ... A fume hood, also called a fume cupboard, or colloquially just a hood, is a critical piece of safety equipment in any chemistry laboratory, designed to ensure proper ventilation of hazardous fumes. ... For other uses, see Acid (disambiguation). ... The 630 foot high, stainless-clad (type 304) Gateway Arch defines St. ... Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky colloidal suspension (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1984.
2. ^ A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1984.
3. ^ ^{a b c} G. A. Olah (ed.), Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions, Vol. 1, Interscience, New York, 1963.
4. ^ L. G. Wade, Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, United States, 2003.
5. ^ P. Galatsis, in: Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis: Acidic and Basic Reagents, (H. J. Reich, J. H. Rigby, eds.), pp12-15, Wiley, New York, 1999.
6. ^ B. B. Snider, Accounts of Chemical Research 13, 426 (1980).

Oxford is a city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). ... Oxford is a city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). ... John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ... Pearson can mean Pearson PLC the media conglomerate. ... The Saddle River flows south through much of Bergen County, New Jersey. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ...

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 1125
• Index of Organic Synthesis procedures that utilize AlCl₃
• PubChem summary of AlCl₃

• Link page to external chemical sources.