NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Alvar Aalto

Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (February 3, 1898 — May 11, 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer, sometimes called the "Father of Modernism" in the Nordic countries. His work includes architecture, furniture and glassware. Aalto is a Finnish word meaning wave. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... An architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... Designer is a broad term for a person who designs any of a variety of things. ... Political map of the Nordic countries and associated territories. ... This article is about building architecture. ... For the UK band, see Furniture (band). ... Glassware includes: Drinkware (for beverages) Vases Pitcher (container)s Art glass Art marbles Laboratory glassware Stained glass is not directly glassware, but is closely related. ...

Biography

Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image:Aino Aalto glasses lighter. ...

Life

Alvar Aalto was born in Kuortane, Finland. He studied architecture at the Helsinki University of Technology from 1916 to 1921. He returned to Jyväskylä, where he opened his first architectural office in 1923. The following year he married architect Aino Marsio. Their honeymoon journey to Italy sealed an intellectual bond with the culture of the Mediterranean region that was to remain important to Aalto for the rest of his life. Aalto moved his office to Turku in 1927, and started collaborating with architect Erik Bryggman. The office moved again in 1933, to Helsinki. The Aaltos designed and built a joint house-office (1935-36) for themselves in Munkkiniemi, Helsinki, but later (1954-55) had a purpose-built office built in the same neighbourhood. Aino Aalto died in 1949 and in 1952 he married architect Elissa Mäkiniemi (died 1994). In 1957 they designed and had built a summer cottage, the so-called Experimental House, for themselves in Muuratsalo, where they spent their summers. Alvar Aalto died in May 11, 1976, in Helsinki.^[1] Kuortane is a municipality of Finland. ... Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) (Finnish: Teknillinen korkeakoulu; Swedish: Tekniska hÃ¶gskolan) is the premier technical university in Finland and the largest in the Nordic Countries with over 15000 students. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Fireworks in JyvÃ¤skylÃ¤ JyvÃ¤skylÃ¤ (IPA: [jyÊ‹Ã¦sËŒkylÃ¦]) is a city located in central Finland, 147 km from Tampere and 270 km from Helsinki, near the lakes PÃ¤ijÃ¤nne and Keitele. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image:Aino Aalto glasses lighter. ... The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. ... Location of Turku in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku sub-region Government - Mayor Mikko Pukkinen Area - City 306. ... Ã…bo Akademi University Library, Turku. ... Elissa Aalto (1922â€“ 1994), born Elsa Kaisa MÃ¤kiniemi, was a Finnish architect and author. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area - City 187. ...

Image File history File links VIPlibrary. ... Image File history File links VIPlibrary. ... Auditorium of the Viipuri Municipal Library in the 1930s. ...

Career

Although sometimes regarded as the first and the most influential architects of Nordic modernism, a closer examination of the historical facts reveals how Aalto (while a pioneer in Finland) closely followed and had personal contacts with other pioneers in Sweden, in particular Gunnar Asplund and Sven Markelius. But what they and many others of that generation in the Nordic countries had in common was that they started off from a classical education and were first designing in the so-called Nordic Classicism style before moving, in the late 1920s, towards Modernism. For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... Stockholm Public Library The extension of the Gothenburg City Hall Erik Gunnar Asplund (22 September 1885 â€“ 20 October 1940) was a Swedish architect, mostly known as a representative of Swedish neo-classical architecture of the 1920s, and during the last decade of his life as a major proponent of the... Sven Markelius (1889â€“1972), was one of the most important modernist Swedish architects. ... Stockholm Public Library, 1920-28 Nordic Classicism was a style of architecture that briefly blossomed in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland) between 1910 and 1930. ...

In Aalto's case this is epitomised by the Viipuri Library (1927-35), which went through a transformation from an originally classical competition entry proposal to the completed high-modernist building. His humanistic approach is in full evidence there: the interior displays natural materials, warm colours, and undulating lines. The Viipuri Library project lasted eight years, and during that same time he also designed the Turun Sanomat Building (1929-30) and Paimio Sanatorium (1929-33): thus the Turun Sanomat Building first heralded Aalto's move towards modernism, and this was then carried forward both in the Paimio Sanatorium and in the on-going design for the library. But though the Turun Sanomat Building and Paimio Sanatorium are comparatively pure modernist works, even they carried the seeds of his questioning of such an approach and a move to a more daring, synthetic attitude. Auditorium of the Viipuri Municipal Library in the 1930s. ...

Aalto was a member of the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne; attending the second congress in Frankfurt in 1929, and the fourth congress in Athens in 1933. It was not until the completion of the Paimio Sanatorium (1929) and Viipuri Library (1935) that he first achieved world attention in architecture. His reputation grew in the USA following the critical reception of his design for the Finnish Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair, described by Frank Lloyd Wright as a "work of genius". Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... REDIRECT Congrès Internationaux dArchitecture Moderne ... Trylon, Perisphere and Helicline photo by Sam Gottscho The 1939-40 New York Worlds Fair, located on the current site of Flushing Meadows-Corona Park (also the location of the 1964-1965 New York Worlds Fair), was one of the largest worlds fairs of all time. ... Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 â€“ April 9, 1959) was one of the worlds most prominent and influential architects. ...

It could be said that Aalto's reputation was sealed with his inclusion in the second edition of Sigfried Giedion's influential book on Modernist architecture, Space, Time and Architecture. The growth of a new tradition (1949), in which Aalto received more attention than any other Modernist architect, including Le Corbusier. In his analysis of Aalto, Giedion gave primacy to qualities that depart from direct functionality, such as mood, atmosphere, intensity of life and even 'national characteristics', declaring that "Finland is with Aalto wherever he goes". Author of SPACE, TIME & ARCHITECTURE, 1941 ... Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887 â€“ August 27, 1965), was a Swiss-born architect and writer, who is famous for his contributions to what now is called Modern Architecture. ...

Aalto's awards included the Royal Gold Medal for Architecture from the Royal Institute of British Architects (1957) and the Gold Medal from the American Institute of Architects (1963). The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects in the United Kingdom. ... The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. ...

Works

Aalto's wide field of activity ranged from furniture and glassware designs to architecture and painting. His vase designs are world-famous. He invented a new form of laminated bent-plywood furniture in 1932. Aalto furniture is manufactured by Artek, a company Aalto co-founded with his wife Aino Aalto, Maire Gullichsen (Ahlström — Gullichsen family) and Nils-Gustav Hahl. Aalto glassware (Aino as well as Alvar) is manufactured by Iittala. Aalto's career spans the changes in style from pre-modernism (Nordic Classicism) to purist International Style Modernism to a more synthetic and idiosyncratic approach. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2396x1564, 809 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2396x1564, 809 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... The Charles River from the Boston side, facing Cambridge and the main campus of Harvard University. ... Helsinki University of Technology, auditorium of the main building, photographed by Jpk, 2004. ... Helsinki University of Technology, auditorium of the main building, photographed by Jpk, 2004. ... Image File history File links Aalto-Theater_02. ... Image File history File links Aalto-Theater_02. ... Essen is a city in the center of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... For the UK band, see Furniture (band). ... Glassware includes: Drinkware (for beverages) Vases Pitcher (container)s Art glass Art marbles Laboratory glassware Stained glass is not directly glassware, but is closely related. ... This article is about building architecture. ... Painter redirects here. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... ARTEK was founded in 1935 by Alvar Aalto so create world-renowned modern furniture. ... Image:Aino Aalto glasses lighter. ... The AhlstrÃ¶m â€” Gullichsen family is a Finnish family of industrialists, designers and artists. ... Aalto Vase Iittala is a Finnish design company specialising in houseware objects made on the principle of modern Scandinavian design. The Iittala Group consists of a number of businesses within its portfolio of operations: Arabia, Hackman, Iittala, BodaNova, HÃ¶ganÃ¤s Keramik, RÃ¶rstrand and Hoyang-Polaris. ... Stockholm Public Library, 1920-28 Nordic Classicism was a style of architecture that briefly blossomed in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland) between 1910 and 1930. ... International style can refer to International style in ballroom dancing - see ballroom dance; International style in architecture - see international style. ...

Significant buildings

Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lapua (Lappo in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... AlajÃ¤rvi is a municipality of Finland. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fireworks in JyvÃ¤skylÃ¤ JyvÃ¤skylÃ¤ (IPA: [jyÊ‹Ã¦sËŒkylÃ¦]) is a city located in central Finland, 147 km from Tampere and 270 km from Helsinki, near the lakes PÃ¤ijÃ¤nne and Keitele. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Auditorium of the Viipuri Municipal Library in the 1930s. ... Not to be confused with the Danish town and county of Viborg in Jutland Viapori, a Finnish transcription of Sveaborg, better known as Suomenlinna castle Vyborg from the tower of the castle Vyborg (transcription of Russian Выборг) is a town with 70,000 inhabitants at... Combatants Finland Soviet Union Commanders Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Kliment Voroshilov, later Semyon Timoshenko Strength 250,000 men 30 tanks 130 aircraft[1][2] 1,000,000 men 3,000 tanks 3,800 aircraft[3][4] Casualties 26,662 dead 39,886 wounded 1,000 captured[5] 126,875 dead... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Turun Sanomat is the leading regional newspaper of the region of Finland Proper. ... Location of Turku in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Western Finland Region Finland Proper Sub-region Turku sub-region Government - Mayor Mikko Pukkinen Area - City 306. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paimio Sanatorium is a former tuberculosis sanatorium in Paimio, Finland Proper, designed by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. ... Paimio (Pemar in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country Croatia RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government - Mayor Milan BandiÄ‡ Area [1] - City 641. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... County Tartu County Mayor Laine JÃ¤nes Area 38. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses of Zurich, see Zurich (disambiguation). ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Noormarkku (Norrmark in Swedish) is a municipality of Finland. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex County Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area - City 7. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) (Finnish: Teknillinen korkeakoulu; Swedish: Tekniska hÃ¶gskolan) is the premier technical university in Finland and the largest in the Nordic Countries with over 15000 students. ... Founded 1972 Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Area - Of which land - Rank 528 kmÂ² 312 kmÂ² ranked 279th Population - Density - Change - Rank 229,443 (2005) 729 inh. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... . The SÃ¤ynÃ¤tsalo Town Hall is a multifunction building complex designed by Alvar Aalto. ... Fireworks in JyvÃ¤skylÃ¤ JyvÃ¤skylÃ¤ (IPA: [jyÊ‹Ã¦sËŒkylÃ¦]) is a city located in central Finland, 147 km from Tampere and 270 km from Helsinki, near the lakes PÃ¤ijÃ¤nne and Keitele. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... KELA, or KansanelÃ¤kelaitos (in Finnish), also FPA or Folkpensionsanstalten (in Swedish), is a Finnish government agency in charge of payment for the national social security programs. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area - City 187. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area - City 187. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Founded 1868 Country Finland Province Western Finland Region Southern Ostrobothnia Sub-region SeinÃ¤joki Area 603 kmÂ² Population - Density 36,419 (Dec 31, 2005) 60 inh. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... View of Aalborg railroad station from J.F. Kennedys Square, 2004 Aalborg (helpÂ· info) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in North Jutland County on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area - City 187. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Lappi, or the Province of Lapland is one of the Provinces of Finland, and a part of the larger geographical area of Lapland, which spans over four countries. ... City Rovaniemi (1960) Administrative Province Province of Lapland Historical Province Lappland Area - Total - Land - Water Ranked 5th (municipalities), and 1st (cities) 8,016 kmÂ² 7,601 kmÂ² 415 kmÂ² Population - Total (01/2006) - Density Ranked 13th 58,500 7. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Finlandia Hall Finlandia Hall is a concert hall with a congress wing in Helsinki, by TÃ¶Ã¶lÃ¶nlahti bay. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area - City 187. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) is a city in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location in Iceland Coordinates: , Constituency ReykjavÃk North ReykjavÃk South Government - Mayor (BorgarstjÃ³ri) VilhjÃ¡lmur Ãž. VilhjÃ¡lmsson Area - City 274. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mount Angel Abbey and Seminary is a community of Benedictine monks in St. ... Mt. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Essen is a city in the center of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

Furniture and glassware

Image File history File links Photo taken/uploaded by J. Stander. ... Image File history File links Photo taken/uploaded by J. Stander. ... The Aalto Vase (Finnish; literally The Wave Vase), also known as the Savoy Vase, is a world famous piece of glassware and an iconic piece of Finnish design created by Alvar Aalto and his wife Aino Marsio. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... ARTEK, a Finnish furniture company, was founded in December, 1935 by architect Alvar Aalto and his wife Aino Aalto, visual arts promoter Maire Gullichsen and art historian Nils-Gustav Hahl. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Aalto Vase, also known as the Savoy Vase, is a world famous piece of glassware created by Alvar Aalto. ...

Quotes

Trivia

Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... The Alvar Aalto Medal was established in 1967 by the Museum of Finnish Architecture and the Finnish Association of Architects (SAFA). ... The markka (or Finnish mark) was the currency used in Finland from 1860 until January 1, 1999 (in practice on January 1, 2002), when it was replaced by the euro (â‚¬). The currency code used for the markka was FIM, and the usual familiar notation was a postfix mk. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ...

Contents

Biography

Life

Career

Works

Significant buildings

Furniture and glassware

Quotes

Trivia

See also

References

External links