Amadeo di Savoia (October 21, 1898 - March 3, 1942) was the third Duke of Aosta and a cousin of the Italian king, Victor Emmanuel III. His baptismal name was Amadeo Umberto Isabella Luigi Filippo Maria Giuseppe Giovanni di Savoia. During World War II, he was the Italian Governor-General of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana). October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... Aosta Aosta (French: Aoste) is the principal city of the Valle dAosta in the Italian Alps, north of Turin. ... Victor Emmanuel III Victor Emmanuel III (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele III) (November 11, 1869 - December 28, 1947), nicknamed The Soldier, was the King of Italy (July 29, 1900 - May 9, 1946), and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia (1936 - 1943) and King of Albania (1939 - 1943). ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana) was an Italian colony in Africa. ...

Biography

Amadeo was born in Turin to Prince Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta (son of Amadeus I of Spain and Princess Maria Vittoria) and Princess Hélène (daughter of Prince Philippe of Orléans and the Infanta Maria Isabel of Spain). His great-grandfather was King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, making him a member of the House of Savoy. Turin (Italian: ; Piedmontese: Türín) is a major industrial city in north-western Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the west bank of the Po River. ... ... Amadeo I (sometimes Latinized to Amadeus) (May 30, 1845 - January 18, 1890), Duke of Aosta and King of Spain, was born in Turin, Italy. ... Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia from 1849–1861. ... The House of Savoy was a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in Savoy, a region between Piedmont, Italy, France and French-speaking Switzerland. ...

Amadeo was a very tall man. Once asked by a journalist about his height, he replied: "198 centimetres" (6 ft 6 in).

Amadeo entered the Italian army and fought with distinction in the artillery in World War I. He left the Italian army in 1921, and travelled widely in Africa. He subsequently rejoined the Italian army and served under Marshall Rodolfo Graziani in the pacification of Libya. Historically, artillery refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ... Rodolfo Graziani Rodolfo, Marchese Di Neghelli Graziani (August 11, 1882, near Frosinone—January 11, 1955, Rome), was an Italian military officer who led expeditions in Africa before and during World War II. He served in World War I, becoming the youngest colonel in the Italian Royal Army. ... The word pacification is most often used as a euphemism for counter-insurgency operations by a dominant military force. ...

In 1932, he joined the Air Force, and became Governor of Ethiopia after the Italian conquest in 1937. After the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, Amadeo was made the Governor-General (and hence Commander-in-Chief) of Italian East Africa in 1940, in which capacity, he led the Italian forces in the East African Campaign the same year. He supervised the Italian conquest of British Somaliland and the subsequent defence of Italy's African Empire. Unable to counter the British counter-invasion, he surrendered at Amba Alagi near Gondar on May 18, 1941. 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... List of Colonial Heads of Italian East Africa See also Ethiopia Italian East Africa Lists of incumbents ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Italy Ethiopia Commanders Strength 800,000 (only ~330,000 mobilized) 100,000 (some ill-equipped) Casualties 15,000 16,000 {{{notes}}} The Second Italo-Abyssinian War, also called the Rape of Ethiopia, lasted seven months in 1935-1936. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana) was an Italian colony in Africa. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... The East African Campaign refers to the battles fought between British Empire and Commonwealth forces and Italian Empire forces in Italian East Africa during World War II. This campaign is often seen as part of the North African Campaign. ... The British Somaliland Protectorate was a British protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa, later part of Somalia. ... Ambi-Alagi is a remote area in Ethiopia between Asmara and Addis Ababa. ... Gondar (less commonly spelled Gonder) was the old imperial capital of Ethiopia and the historic Begemder province, now part of the Amhara region. ... May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ...

Shortly after his surrender, Amadeo died of tuberculosis and malaria at a prisoner-of-war camp in Nairobi, Kenya on March 3, 1942. He was succeeded by his brother, Aimone, 4th Duke of Aosta. Tuberculosis (commonly shortened to TB) is an infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (Miliary tuberculosis), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ... Red blood cell infected with Malaria, derived from mala aria (Medieval Italian for bad air) and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350-500 million infections with humans and approximately 1. ... Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... Prince Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe Torino (1900-1948), 4th Duke of Aosta, was born on 9 March 1900 in Turin. ...

Amadeo was well known and highly regarded for being a gentleman. In one instance, before he fled his headquarters at Addis Ababa, he wrote a note to the British to thank them in advance for protecting the women and children in the cities. Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Foreign Minister under Mussolini (who was also his father-in-law), paid Amadeo a high compliment in his famous diaries. Upon being given the news of the Duke's death Ciano wrote, "So dies the image of a Prince and an Italian. Simple in his ways, broad in outlook, and humane in spirit." Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was also impressed by the respect and care that the Duke of Aosta showed to the exiled Emperor's personal property left behind in Addis Ababa. In a gesture of thanks, the Emperor during his state visit to Italy in 1953 invited the widowed Duchess of Aosta to tea during his stay in Milan, but was then informed by the Italian government that receiving the Duchess would cause offense to the Republic, and so the Emperor sadly canceled the visit. Instead he invited the 6th Duke of Aosta to Ethiopia in the mid-sixties, and accorded him all the protocol due to visiting royalty. Map of Ethiopia highlighting Addis Ababa (in red). ... Galeazzo Ciano Galeazzo Ciano, Count of Cortellazzo (March 18, 1903 – January 11, 1944), was Benito Mussolinis Foreign Minister and son-in-law. ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ... Haile Selassie Haile Selassie (Power of Trinity) (July 23, 1892 – August 27, 1975) was the last Emperor (1930–1936; 1941–1974) of Ethiopia, and is a religious symbol in the Rastafarian movement. ...

Family

Prince Amadeo of Savoy, 3rd Duke of Aosta was married 5 November 1927 at Naples to his first wife HRH Princess Anne of Orléans (1906- 1986), daughter of Prince Jean of Orléans, styled Duc de Guise, and his cousin-wife Princess Isabelle of Orléans (herself daughter of Prince Philippe of Orléans and the Infanta Maria Isabel of Spain). By birth, the Duke and Duchess of Aosta were thus in distant remainder to the Spanish throne. 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

They had two daughters: Margherita and Maria Cristina (born September 10, 1933 Miramar). Both married royal princes - Her Royal Highness Princess Margherita Isabella Maria Vittoria Emanuella Elena Gennara of Savoy-Aosta was born on April 7, 1930 in Naples, Italy as the first child of HRH Prince Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta and HRH Princess Anne dOrléans. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

• Margherita Isabella Maria Vittoria Emanuela Elena Gennara (born April 7, 1930)). She married on 28/29 December 1953 HI & RH Archduke Robert, styled Archduke of Austria-Este (1915 - 1996), second son of the last Austrian emperor Karl I, and has issue three sons and two daughters.
• Maria Cristina Giusta Elena Giovanna (born 10 September 1933 at Miramar), who married omn January 29, 1967 HRH Prince Casimiro of Bourbon Two Sicilies, descended from Spanish princes (of the house of Bourbon or Borbon) ruling in Siclity, and has issue two sons and two daughters.

Margherita's eldest son Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este is now HRH Prince Lorenz of Belgium (from 10 November 1995) by virtue of his marriage to HRH Princess Astrid of Belgium, only daughter of King Albert II of Belgium. Their two sons and three daughters are members of the Belgian Royal Family, and as such use the surname "de Belgique" or its variants. Her Royal Highness Princess Margherita Isabella Maria Vittoria Emanuella Elena Gennara of Savoy-Aosta was born on April 7, 1930 in Naples, Italy as the first child of HRH Prince Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta and HRH Princess Anne dOrléans. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... His Imperial and Royal Highness Prince Lorenz Otto Carl Amadeus Thadeus Maria Pius Andreas Marcus dAviano of Belgium, Duke of Este, Prince Imperial and Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, was born on December 16, 1955 in Clinique du Belvédère, Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts... Her Imperial and Royal Highness Princess Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este (Astrid Josephine-Charlotte Fabrizia Elisabeth Paola Maria), styled HRH Princess Astrid, was born on June 5, 1962, in Brussels, Belgium, to King Albert II and Queen Paola of Belgium. ... Belgian royal family Successive Belgian kings are 1831-1865: Léopold I (34) 1865-1909: Léopold II (44) 1909-1934: Albert I (25) 1934-1951: Léopold III (16) 1944-1950: Charles, reigned as Prince Regent 1951-1993: Baudouin I (42) Since 1993: Albert II (12) None of these...

External links

• Amadeo di Savoia
• An Online Gotha: Italy for genealogy of Amadeo and his children
• An Online Gotha: Austria for descendants of Margherita