The Amazons are members of a legendary nation of female warriors . The Amazons were a society of female warriors who seem to have their roots in very early eastern bronze age and it was the search for tin and copper.

The Amazons (Αμαζόνες Amazoνes) were an ancient nation of female warriors, or a society dominated by women, at the edges of Scythia in Sarmatia (Herodotus). The histories and legends in Greek mythology appear to have a factual basis in warrior women among the Sarmatians; this society of female warriors seem to have had their roots in very early eastern Bronze Age. Classical Greeks never ceased to be astounded at what appeared to them as a role-reversal. Women in classical Greek society were expected to be passive and dependent on males. Sarmatian horseman Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeks and the Romans) were a people whom Herodotus (4. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ...

The unidentified London cartographer, c. 1770, has placed Amazones in the north of Sarmatia Asiatica, based on Greek literary sources ^{[citation needed]}.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1254x760, 218 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1254x760, 218 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Sarmatia and Scythia in 100 BC, also shown is the extent of the Parthian Empire. ...

Etymology

The name Αμαζών is probably derived from an Iranian ethnonym, *ha-mazan-, originally meaning "warriors". A connected word is probably the Hesychius gloss ἁμαζακάραν· πολεμεῖν. Πέρσαι ("hamazakaran: 'to make war' (Persian)", containing the Indo-Iranian root kar- "make" also in kar-ma). An ethnonym (Gk. ... page of Marc. ... The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. ... For other uses of the word, see karma (disambiguation). ...

The Greek variant of the name was connected by popular etymology to a- (privative) + mazos, "without breast", connected with an aetiological tradition that Amazons had their right breast cut off or burnt out, so they would be able to use the bow more freely; there is no indication of this practice in works of art, in which the Amazons are always represented with both breasts, although the right is frequently covered. Other suggested derivations were: a- (intensive) + mazos, breast, "full-breasted"; a- (privative) and masso, touch, "not touching" (men); maza, a Circassian word said to signify "moon", has suggested their connection with the worship of a moon-goddess, perhaps the Asiatic representative of Artemis.^[1] A fake etymology is an invented explanation (etymology) for the origin of a word. ... The privative a (or a privativum) is the prefix a- expressing negation (e. ... A pregnant womans breasts. ... Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation. ... The copulative a (also a copulativum, a athroistikon) is the prefix a- expressing unity in Ancient Greek, e. ... Circassian language is used in a number of ways: as a synonym for the Adyghe language; as a synonym for the Kabardian language; as a term for a distinct language that includes both Adyghe and Kabardian. ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) Artemis (Greek: nominative , genitive ), in Olympian Greek mythology the daughter of Zeus and of Leto and the twin sister of Apollo, was one of the most widely venerated of the gods and manifestly one of the...

Amazons of Greek mythology

Amazonomachia (fight between Greeks and Amazons), relief of a sarcophagus (ca. 180), found in Thessaloniki, 1836.

Amazons were said to have lived in Pontus, which is part of modern day Turkey near the shore of the Euxine Sea, where they formed an independent kingdom under the government of a queen, often named Hippolyta ("she lets her horses loose"). They were supposed to have founded many towns, amongst them Smyrna, Ephesus, Sinope, Paphos. According to the dramatist Aeschylus, in the distant past they had lived in Scythia, at the Palus Maeotis ("Lake Maeotis", the Sea of Azov), but later moved to Themiscyra on the River Thermodon. Herodotus, who called them Androktones ("killers of men"), also connects Amazons with Scythia, as ancestors of the Sauromatians. Image File history File linksMetadata Amazonomachia_Louvre_Ma2119_2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Amazonomachia_Louvre_Ma2119_2. ... Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 185 BC 184 BC 183 BC 182 BC 181 BC - 180 BC - 179 BC 178 BC... Traditional rural Pontic house A man in traditional clothes from Trabzon, illustration Pontus is the name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the main), by... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ... In Greek mythology, Hippolyta is the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle she was given by her father Ares, the god of war. ... Agora of Smyrna Smyrna (Greek: Σμύρνη) is an ancient city (today İzmir in Turkey) that was founded at a very early period at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. ... Historical Map of Ephesus, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888 Ephesus (Greek: , Turkish: ), was one of the great cities of the Ionian Greeks in Anatolia, located in Lydia where the Cayster River (Küçük Menderes) flows into the Aegean Sea (in modern day Turkey). ... Sinope was an ancient city on the Black Sea, in the region of Galatia, modern-day Sinop, Turkey. ... Paphos, usually written Paphos or Paphus in English, (Ancient Greek: ; Modern Greek: Πάφος, Páfos; Latin: Paphus, and for a time, Augusta; Turkish: Baf, formerly Baffa) is a coastal town in the southwest of Cyprus. ... Bust of Aeschylus from the Capitoline Museums, Rome Aeschylus (525 BC—456 BC; Greek: Ασχύλος) was a playwright of Ancient Greece. ... Approximate extent of Scythia and Sarmatia in the 1st century BC (the orange background shows the spread of Eastern Iranian languages, among them Scytho-Sarmatian). ... The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ... In Greek mythology, Themiscyra was the capital of the Amazons, on the river Thermodon. ... The Thermodon river is currently named Terme or Therme-Tchai, and it is located in northern Turkey between the cities Ordu and Fatsa. ... Bust of Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (in Greek, , Herodotos Halikarnasseus) was a Dorian Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC–ca. ... This article is about the Amazon women of Greek mythology. ... Sarmatia and Scythia in 100 BC, also shown is the extent of the Parthian Empire. ...

In some versions, no men were permitted to reside in Amazon country; but once a year, in order to prevent their race from dying out, they visited the Gargareans, a neighbouring tribe. The male children who were the result of these visits were either put to death or sent back to their fathers; the females were kept and brought up by their mothers, and trained in agricultural pursuits, hunting, and the art of war (Strabo xi. p. 503). In Greek mythology, the Gargareans (or Gargarenses) were an all-male tribe. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ...

In the Iliad, the Amazons were referred to as Antianeira ("those who fight like men"). This is about the eBook reader. ... This article is about the Amazon women of Greek mythology. ...

The Amazons also make an appearance with the Argonauts who came across the island of Lemnos on their way to the land of Colchis and found it inhabited only by women, one of their most famous queen being Hypsipyle. They named the island Gynaikokraturnene, Greek for Reigned By Women. Apollonius of Rhodes writes the women received Jason and his companions in battle array--"Hypsipile assum'd her father's arms, and led the van, terrific in her charms." The young queen tells them that Lemnos was invaded and all the men killed and invite the Argonauts to take their place. Unbeknown to them was that the men of the island were slain by their own womenfolk. The Argonauts though were not pursued to stay long and were wisely sailing away soon passing through the Hellespont and creeping up the Euxine they are told--"flee the Amazonian shore, Else Themyscira soon, with rude alarms, Had seen th' assembled Amazons in arms." Such was the repute of these women that the Argonauts dreaded them more then the armies, kings, monsters and magic spells that they were all were about to face. The Argo, by Lorenzo Costa In Greek mythology, the Argonauts (Ancient Greek: ) were a band of heroes who, in the years before the Trojan War, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest for the Golden Fleece. ... Lemnos (mod. ... In ancient geography, Colchis (sometimes spelled also as Kolchis) (Greek: Κολχίς, kŏl´kĬs; Georgian: კოლხეთი, Kolkheti) was a nearly triangular district in Caucasus. ... In Greek mythology, Hypsipyle was the Queen of Lemnos. ... Apollonius of Rhodes (Apollonios Rhodios) (270 BC? – unknown, after 245 BC), Hellenistic Greek epic poet and scholar of the Library of Alexandria, during the reigns of Ptolemy II and Ptolemy III, and a chief librarian of the Library of Alexandria. ... The Helespont/Dardanelles, a long narrow strait dividing the Balkans (Europe) along the Gallipoli peninsula from Asia Anatolia (Asia Minor). ... Satellite view of the Black Sea, taken by NASA MODIS Cities of the Black Sea The Black Sea (known as the Euxine Sea in the antiquity) is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. ...

The Amazons appear in Greek art of the Archaic period and in connection with several Greek legends. They invaded Lycia, but were defeated by Bellerophon, who was sent out against them by Iobates, the king of that country, in the hope that he might meet his death at their hands (Iliad, vi. 186). The tomb of Myrine is mentioned in the Iliad; later interpretation made of her an Amazon: according to Diodorus,^[2] Queen Myrine led her Amazons to victory against Libya and much of Gorgon. Lycia (Lycian: Trm̃misa) is a region in the modern day Antalya Province on the southern coast of Turkey. ... Bellerophon on Pegasus spears the Chimaera, on an Attic red-figure epinetron — 425–420 BC Bellerophon or Bellerophontes (perhaps bearing darts[1]) was a hero of Greek mythology, the greatest hero and slayer of monsters, alongside of Kadmos and Perseus, before the days of Heracles[2]—whose greatest feat was... In Greek mythology, Iobates (Greek: Ἰοβάτης) was a Lycian king, father of Antea and Philonoe. ... Myrine (Myrina, Myrene). ... Diodorus Siculus (c. ... In Greek mythology, the Gorgons (terrible or, according to some, loud-roaring) were vicious female monsters with sharp fangs and hair of living, venomous snakes. ...

They attacked the Phrygians, who were assisted by Priam, then a young man (Iliad, iii. 189). Although in his later years, towards the end of the Trojan War, his old opponents took his side again against the Greeks under their queen Penthesilea "of Thracian birth" (Quintus Smyrnaeus), who was slain by Achilles, in the Aethiopis^[3] that continued the Iliad. (Quintus Smyrn. i.; Justin ii. 4; Virgil, Aeneid i. 490). Location of Phrygia - traditional region (yellow) - expanded kingdom (orange line) In antiquity, Phrygia (Greek: ) was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian Highland, part of modern Turkey. ... In Greek mythology, Priam (Greek Πρίαμος) was the king of Troy during the Trojan War, and son of Laomedon. ... The fall of Troy by Johann Georg Trautmann (1713–1769) From the collections of the granddukes of Baden, Karlsruhe The Trojan War was waged, according to legend, against the city of Troy in Asia Minor , by the armies of the Achaeans (Mycenaean Greeks), after Paris of Troy stole Helen from... In Greek mythology, Penthesilea (also spelled Penthesilia) was an Amazonian queen, daughter of Ares and Otrera, sister of Hippolyte, Antiope and Melanippe. ... Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Wrath of Achilles, by François-Léon Benouville (1821–1859) (Musée Fabre) In Greek mythology, Achilles, also Akhilleus or Achilleus (Ancient Greek ) was a hero of the Trojan War, the central character and greatest warrior of Homers Iliad, which takes for its theme, not the War... The Aithiopis (Greek: Αἰθιοπίς; Latin: Aethiopis) is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature. ...

One of the tasks imposed upon Heracles by Eurystheus was to obtain possession of the girdle of the Amazonian queen Hippolyte (Apollodorus ii. 5). He was accompanied by his friend Theseus, who carried off the princess Antiope, sister of Hippolyte, an incident which led to a retaliatory invasion of Attica, in which Antiope perished fighting by the side of Theseus. In some versions, however, Theseus marries Hippolyta and in others, he marries Antiope and she does not die. The battle between the Athenians and Amazons is often commemorated in an entire genre of art, amazonomachy, in marble bas-reliefs such as from the Parthenon or the sculptures of the mausoleum of Halicarnassus. Hercules, a Roman bronze (Louvre Museum) For other uses, see Heracles (disambiguation). ... In Greek mythology, Eurystheus was king of Tiryns, one of three Mycenaean strongholds in the Argolid: Sthenelus was his father and the horsewoman Nykippe his mother, and he was a grandson of the hero Perseus, as was his opponent Heracles. ... A girdle is a piece of womens underwear that replaced the corset in popularity and usage. ... In Greek mythology, Hippolyta is the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle she was given by her father Ares, the god of war. ... Apollodorus was a common name in ancient Greece. ... Theseus (Greek ) was a legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered by Aegeus and Poseidon, with whom Aethra lay in one night. ... Antiope () is a figure from Greek mythology. ... This article is about Attica in Greece. ... Amazons were warrior women of Greek legend believed to have lived on the northern fringes of Greece, modern Thrace and toward the Black Sea. ... Bas relief is a method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece of stone or metal. ... The Parthenon seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ... A fanciful interpretation of the Mausoleum of Maussollos, from a 1572 engraving by Martin Heemskerck (1498–1574), who based his reconstruction on descriptions The Mausoleum of Maussollos, or Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was a tomb built between 353–350 BC at Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey), for Mausolus (in Greek, Μαύσωλος), a provincial... Map of the Aegean Sea, showing the location of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey) Halicarnassus (; modern Bodrum; see also List of traditional Greek place names), an ancient Greek city on the southwest coast of Caria, Asia Minor, on a picturesque and advantageous site on the Ceramic Gulf (Gulf of Cos, Gulf...

Thalestris, Queen of the Amazons, visits Alexander (1696)

The Amazons are also said to have undertaken an expedition against the island of Leuke, at the mouth of the Danube, where the ashes of Achilles had been deposited by Thetis. The ghost of the dead hero appeared and so terrified the horses, that they threw and trampled upon the invaders, who were forced to retire. Pompey is said to have found them in the army of Mithridates. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1179x958, 613 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Amazons ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1179x958, 613 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Amazons ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Map of Snake Island For the Bulgarian island also in the Black Sea and often referred to as Snake Island see St. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river of the European Union and Europes second-longest[3] (after the Volga). ... This article is about the Greek sea nymph. ... Pompey, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir [1] (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS[2], Gnaeus or Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus) (September 29, 106 BC – September 29, 48 BC), was a distinguished military and political leader of the late Roman republic. ... A silver coin depicting Mithradates VI of Pontus. ...

They are heard of in the time of Alexander, when some of the great king's biographers make mention of Amazon Queen Thalestris visiting him and becoming a mother by him. However, several other biographers of Alexander totally dispute the claim, including the highly regarded secondary source, Plutarch. In his writing he makes mention of a moment when Alexander's secondary naval commander, Onesicritus, was reading the Amazon passage of his Alexander history to King Lysimachus of Thrace who was on the original expedition: the king smiled at him and said "And where was I, then?" In Greek mythology, Queen Thalestris of the Amazons brought three hundred women to Alexander the Great, hoping to breed a race of children as strong and intelligent as him. ... Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: Πλούταρχος; 46 - 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was an Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ... Onesicritus, or Onesicrates, of Aegina or Astypaleia (probably simply the old city of Aegina) was one of the writers on Alexander the Great. ... Lysimachus (c. ... Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ...

The Roman writer Virgil's characterization of the Volscian warrior maiden Camilla in the Aeneid borrows heavily from the myth of the Amazons. A sculpture of Virgil, probably from the 1st century AD.  It should be possible to replace this fair use image with a freely licensed one. ... The Volsci were an ancient Italic people, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic. ... In Roman folklore, Queen Camilla of the Volsci was the daughter of King Metabus and Casmilla. ... The Aeneid (IPA English pronunciation: ; in Latin Aeneis, pronounced — the title is Greek in form: genitive case Aeneidos): is a Latin epic written by Virgil in the 1st century BC (between 29 and 19 BC) that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy where he...

Scythian and Sarmatian data

Amazons. From the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493).

The relations between the Sarmatians and the Scythians were peaceful between the 6th to 4th centuries B.C. According to Herodotus, the Sauromatians fought with the Scythians against Darius the Great in the 5th century B.C. Herodotus clearly wrote that Amazonas are maternal ancestors of Sauromatians inhabitating westernmost Scythia. Image File history File links Nuremberg_chronicles_f_28v_2. ... Image File history File links Nuremberg_chronicles_f_28v_2. ... Depiction of God creating the world Juvenal The Nuremberg Chronicle is one of the best documented early printed books. ... Bust of Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (in Greek, , Herodotos Halikarnasseus) was a Dorian Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC–ca. ... Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Pers. ... Approximate extent of Scythia and Sarmatia in the 1st century BC (the orange background shows the spread of Eastern Iranian languages, among them Scytho-Sarmatian). ...

In a recent excavation of Sarmatian sites by Dr. Jeannine Davis-Kimball, a tomb was found wherein female warriors were buried, thus suggesting a connection to the myths about the Amazons. Sarmatian Cataphract Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeks and the Romans) were a people whom Herodotus (4. ...

Before modern archaeology uncovered some of the Scythian burials of warrior-maidens entombed under kurgans in the region of Altay Mountains, giving concrete form at last to the Greek tales of mounted Amazons, the origin of the story of the Amazons has been the subject of speculation among classics scholars. In the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica speculation ranged along the following lines: Kurgan is a Türkic word for tumulus, burial mound or barrow, heaped over a burial chamber, or a kurgan cenotaph. ... The Altai is a mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together, and where the great rivers Irtysh, Ob and Yenisei have their sources. ...

While some regard the Amazons as a purely mythical people, others assume an historical foundation for them. The deities worshipped by them were Ares (who is consistently assigned to them as a god of war, and as a god of Thracian and generally northern origin) and Artemis, not the usual Greek goddess of that name, but an Asiatic deity in some respects her equivalent. It is conjectured that the Amazons were originally the temple-servants and priestesses (hierodulae) of this goddess; and that the removal of the breast corresponded with the self-mutilation of the god Attis and the galli, Roman priests of Cybele. Another theory is that, as the knowledge of geography extended, travellers brought back reports of tribes ruled entirely by women, who carried out the duties which elsewhere were regarded as peculiar to man, in whom alone the rights of nobility and inheritance were vested, and who had the supreme control of affairs. Hence arose the belief in the Amazons as a nation of female warriors, organized and governed entirely by women. In Greek mythology, Ares (in Greek: - Aris (Battle Strife))[1] is the son of Zeus (king of the gods) and Hera. ... Thrace (Bulgarian: , Greek: , Latin: , Turkish: ) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) Artemis (Greek: nominative , genitive ), in Olympian Greek mythology the daughter of Zeus and of Leto and the twin sister of Apollo, was one of the most widely venerated of the gods and manifestly one of the... Attis, a life-death-rebirth deity, was both the son and the lover of Cybele, her eunuch attendant and driver of her lion-driven chariot; he was driven mad by her and castrated himself. ... Galli was the Roman name for castrated followers of the Phrygian goddess Cybele, which can be regarded as transgendered in todays terms. ... Cybele with her attributes. ...

According to J. Vurtheim (De Ajacis origine, 1907), the Amazons were of Greek origin: "all the Amazons were Dianas, as Diana herself was an Amazon". It has been suggested that the fact of the conquest of the Amazons being assigned to the two famous heroes of Greek mythology, Heracles and Theseus — who in the tasks assigned to them were generally opposed to monsters and beings impossible in themselves, but possible as illustrations of permanent danger and damage — shows that they were mythical illustrations of the dangers which beset the Greeks on the coasts of Asia Minor; rather perhaps, it may be intended to represent the conflict between the Greek culture of the colonies on the Black Sea and the barbarism of the native inhabitants. 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Diana was the equivalent in Roman mythology of the Greek Artemis (see Roman/Greek equivalency in mythology for more details). ... Map of the Black Sea. ...

Herodotus reports that the Sarmatians were descendants of Amazons and Scythians, and that their females "have continued from that day to the present [i.e. up to 440 BC] to observe their ancient [Amazon] customs, frequently hunting on horseback with their husbands; in war taking the field; and wearing the very same dress as the men" Moreover, said Herodotus, "No girl shall wed till she has killed a man in battle" ^[4][5]. Their Scythian, Saka, Cimmerian and Gomerian origins are further proved by their origins from Thermodon's Scythians who invaded there coming from around the Sea of Azov and their use of the bow and arrow as their primary weapon as well as fighting on horseback. Bust of Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (in Greek, , Herodotos Halikarnasseus) was a Dorian Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC–ca. ... Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC Decades: 490s BC 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC - 440s BC - 430s BC 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC 390s BC Years: 445 BC 444 BC 443 BC 442 BC 441 BC - 440 BC - 439 BC 438 BC... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with shakya. ... The Cimmerians were an ancient people of Iranian origin, who lived in the south of modern-day Ukraine (Crimea and northern Black sea coast) and Russia (Black Sea coast and Caucasus), at least in the 8th and 7th century BC. Little is known about them, but they were mentioned in... Gomer can refer to several things: Gomer, eldest son of Japheth, mentioned in the Old Testament Books of Genesis and Ezekiel; often equated with the Cimmerians (Gimirru), and identified by Flavius Josephus with the Galatians. ... The Thermodon river is currently named Terme or Therme-Tchai, and it is located in northern Turkey between the cities Ordu and Fatsa. ... The shallow Sea of Azov is clearly distinguished from the deeper Black Sea. ...

Hippocrates describe them as: "They have no right breasts...for while they are yet babies their mothers make red-hot a bronze instrument constructed for this very purpose and apply it to the right breast and cauterize it, so that its growth is arrested, and all its strength and bulk are diverted to the right shoulder and right arm."

Both Herodotus' and Hippocrates' accounts inform us the Sarmatians took interest in turning their women into strong-armed huntresses and fighters. Archaeological evidence seems to confirm the existence of Amazon Women-Warriors, as Sarmatian women's active role in military operation and social life. Burial of armed Sarmatian women comprise large percent of the military burial in the group occupy the central position and appear the be the richest.^[6][7]

"Departure of the Amazons",by Claude Deruet, 1620.

Medieval and Renaissance authors credit the Amazons with the invention of the battle-axe. This is probably related to the Sagaris, an axe-like weapon associated with both Amazons and Scythian tribes by Greek authors (see also Aleksandrovo kurgan). Paulus Hector Mair expresses astonishment that such a "manly weapon" should have been invented by a "tribe of women", but he accepts the attribution out of respect for his authority, Johannes Aventinus. Portrait of Claude Deruet accompanied by his son Henri-Nicolas, by Jacques Callot (Nancy 1592-1635). ... The name Battle-axe people (corded ware culture) identifies widely-scattered late Neolithic sites in Europe (3rd millennium BCE). ... Sagaris was the Greek name for a weapon used by Scythian tribes (Hdt. ... main chamber fresco The Aleksandrovo kurgan is a Thracian Bulgaria, dated to ca. ... page of Mscr. ... Johannes Aventinus (1477–1534) was a Bavarian historian. ...

Minoan theory

See also Minoan women.

When Minoan archaeology was still in its infancy, a theory raised in an essay contributed by L.R. Farnell and J.L. Myres ("Herodotus and anthropology") to Robert R. Marett, Anthropology and the Classics 1908, (pp. 138ff), in regards to the Amazons placed their possible origins in Minoan civilization, drawing attention to overlooked similarities between the two cultures. According to Myres, (pp. 153 ff), the tradition interpreted in the light of evidence furnished by supposed Amazon cults seems to have been very similar and may have even originated in Minoan culture. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Minoan may refer to the following: The Minoan civilization The (undeciphered) Eteocretan language The (undeciphered) Minoan language The script known as Linear A An old name for the Mycenean language before it was deciphered and discovered to be a form of Greek. ... Minoan may refer to the following: The Minoan civilization The (undeciphered) Eteocretan language The (undeciphered) Minoan language The script known as Linear A An old name for the Mycenean language before it was deciphered and discovered to be a form of Greek. ...

Amazons of Lemnos theory

Recent archaeological finds unearth on the island of Lemnos brings to light similarities that are found in Greek mythology between the Amazons and the Argonauts who came across this island and found it inhabited only by women, and named it Gynaikokraturnene(Reigned By Women). The city of Poliochni dating back to the Early Bronze Age makes it one of the oldest in Europe. Excavations show that Poliochni was a rather wealthy city, it was twice the size of contemporary Troy and it had large houses arranged in blocks with main roads, wells and drainages. The city had a 5 meters high stone wall sourrounding it with what seem to be slots for archers. Poliochni is also the only place were arrow-heads been found during this time period. Some theorize that the city's uniformed large houses demonstrates there existed a society with very little social differences that one would associate with a society of matriarchy, similar to that of a society of Amazons would have had. Another interesting theory raised between the island the the Amazons of Greek mythology is the name of the ancient city of Myrina a striking coincidence that one of the one of the earliest Amazon queens was named Myrina who could muster 30,000 foot-soldiers and 3000 cavalry it was during her reign that the Amazons encountered another race of woman warriors known as the Gorgons. Lemnos (mod. ... The Argo, by Lorenzo Costa In Greek mythology, the Argonauts (Ancient Greek: ) were a band of heroes who, in the years before the Trojan War, accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest for the Golden Fleece. ... In Greek mythology, the Gorgons (terrible or, according to some, loud-roaring) were vicious female monsters with sharp fangs and hair of living, venomous snakes. ...

Berber theory

The Berbers refer to themselves as 'amazigh'. The Berbers live in the northern coast of Africa, where the Amazons were said to have originally lived before migrating to Anatolia. A depiction of an Amazon fortress on a Greek vase bears great resemblance to a Berber fortress. The Berbers, like the Amazons, are known to be sea-faring people. The Berbers that have not been entirely Islamized have a matriarchal social structure. ^[8] The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are a predominantly Muslim ethnic group indigenous to the Maghreb, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ...

Amazon cults and tombs in Ancient Greece

According to ancient sources, (Plutarch Theseus[1], Pausanias[2]), Amazon tombs could be found frequent throughout what was once known as the ancient Greek world. Some are found in Megara, Athens, Chaeronea, Chalcis, Thessaly at Scotussa, in Cynoscephalae and statues of Amazons are all over Greece. At both Chalsis and Athens Plutarch tells us that there was an Amazoneum or shrine of Amazons that implied the presence of both tombs and cult. On the day before the Thesea at Athens there were annual sacrifices to the Amazons. In historical times Greek maidens of Ephesus performed an annual circular dance with weapons and shields that had been established by Hippolyte and her Amazons. They had initially set up wooden statues of Artemis, a bretas, (Pausanias, (fl.c.160): Description of Greece, Book I: Attica[3]). With the fall of the Minoan civilization, other than the mythological Amazons, there has yet to be discovered a culture which historically was known to exist, their social infrastructure so well organized and somewhat familiar to scholars which was dominated by women the way Minoan culture was. Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: Πλούταρχος; 46 - 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was an Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ... Theseus (Greek ) was a legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered by Aegeus and Poseidon, with whom Aethra lay in one night. ... Pausanias (Greek: ) was a Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. ... Megara (Greek: Μέγαρα; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an ancient city in Attica, Greece. ... Nickname: City of Athena or Cradle of Democracy Location of the city of Athens (red dot) within the Prefecture of Athens and Periphery of Attica Coordinates: Country Greece Peripheries Attica Prefecture Athens Founded circa 2000 BC Mayor Nikitas Kaklamanis Area    - City 38. ... Chaeronea was a city in the province of Boeotia in Ancient Greece. ... Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis (Greek, Modern: Χαλκίδα, Ancient/Katharevousa: -is), the chief town of the island of Euboea in Greece, situated on the strait of the Euripus at its narrowest point. ... Map showing Thessaly periphery in Greece Thessaly (Θεσσαλια; modern Greek Thessalía; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is one of the 13 peripheries of Greece, and is further sub-divided into 4 prefectures. ... For the earlier battle fought here, see Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC). ... Nickname: City of Athena or Cradle of Democracy Location of the city of Athens (red dot) within the Prefecture of Athens and Periphery of Attica Coordinates: Country Greece Peripheries Attica Prefecture Athens Founded circa 2000 BC Mayor Nikitas Kaklamanis Area    - City 38. ... Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: Πλούταρχος; 46 - 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was an Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ... Historical Map of Ephesus, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888 Ephesus (Greek: , Turkish: ), was one of the great cities of the Ionian Greeks in Anatolia, located in Lydia where the Cayster River (Küçük Menderes) flows into the Aegean Sea (in modern day Turkey). ... In Greek mythology, Hippolyta is the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle she was given by her father Ares, the god of war. ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) Artemis (Greek: nominative , genitive ), in Olympian Greek mythology the daughter of Zeus and of Leto and the twin sister of Apollo, was one of the most widely venerated of the gods and manifestly one of the... Pausanias (Greek: ) was a Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. ... For other uses, see number 160. ...

Two female gladiators with their names Amazonia and Achillea

Image File history File links Gladiatrix_relief. ... Image File history File links Gladiatrix_relief. ... While rare in the Roman world, female gladiators or gladiatrices (sing. ...

Amazons in Greek & Roman art

In works of art, battles between Amazons and Greeks are placed on the same level as and often associated with battles of Greeks and centaurs. The belief in their existence, however, having been once accepted and introduced into the national poetry and art, it became necessary to surround them as far as possible with the appearance of not unnatural beings. Their occupation was hunting and war; their arms the bow, spear, axe, a half shield, nearly in the shape of a crescent, called pelta, and in early art a helmet, the model before the Greek mind having apparently been the goddess Athena. In later art they approach the model of Artemis, wearing a thin dress, girt high for speed; while on the later painted vases their dress is often peculiarly Persian – that is, close-fitting trousers and a high cap called the kidaris. They were usually on horseback but sometimes on foot. They can also be identified in vase paintings by the fact that they are wearing one earring. The battle between Theseus and the Amazons is a favourite subject on the friezes of temples (e.g. the reliefs from the frieze of the temple of Apollo at Bassae, now in the British Museum), vases and sarcophagus reliefs; at Athens it was represented on the shield of the statue of Athena Parthenos, on wall-paintings in the Theseum and in the Stoa Poikile. Many of the sculptors of antiquity, including Pheidias, Polyclitus, Cresilas and Phradmon, executed statues of Amazons; and there are many existing reproductions of these. See also centaur (planetoid), Centaur (rocket stage) Guido Reni, Abduction of Deianira, 1620-21 In Greek mythology, the centaurs (Greek: Κένταυροι) are a race part human and part horse, with a horses body and a human head and torso (illustration, right). ... Motto: de facto: Esteqlāl, āzādÄ«, jomhÅ«rÄ«-ye eslāmÄ«[1]   (Persian for Independence, freedom, (the) Islamic Republicde jure: Allaho Akbar (Arabic for God is Great)[2] Anthem: SorÅ«d-e MellÄ«-e Īrān Capital (and largest city) Tehran Official languages Persian Government Islamic Republic  - Supreme... Lycian Apollo, early Imperial Roman copy of a fourth century Greek original (Louvre Museum) In Greek and Roman mythology, Apollo (Ancient Greek , Apóllōn; or , Apellōn), the ideal of the kouros, was the archer-god of medicine and healing, light, truth, archery and also a bringer of death... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with temple of Apollo at Bassae. ... The centre of the museum was redeveloped in 2000 to become the Great Court, with a tessellated glass roof by Buro Happold and Foster and Partners surrounding the original Reading Room. ... Nickname: City of Athena or Cradle of Democracy Location of the city of Athens (red dot) within the Prefecture of Athens and Periphery of Attica Coordinates: Country Greece Peripheries Attica Prefecture Athens Founded circa 2000 BC Mayor Nikitas Kaklamanis Area    - City 38. ... This article is about the goddess Athena. ... The Temple of Hephaestus, Athens: eastern face. ... The Painted Porch (Stoa poikile), during the 3rd century BC, was where Zeno of Citium taught Stoicism. ... Phidias, (or Pheidias), son of Charmides, (circa 490 BC - circa 430 BC) was an ancient Greek sculptor, universally regarded as the greatest of Greek sculptors. ... Polykleitos (or Polycletus, Polycleitus, Polyclitus) was a Greek sculptor of the 5th century BC. He was of the school of Argos, a contemporary of Pheidias and in the opinion of the Greeks his equal. ... Cresilas, a Cretan sculptor of Cydonia. ...

Women warriors in folklore and history

Blenda leads the women in the defense of their villages, by Hugo Hamilton (1830)

Armed women have often acted as royal bodyguards throughout history. Chandragupta Maurya (322–298 BC), the first emperor to develop a centralized state in India, had a personal guard composed of giant Greek women. Female royal guards re-appear 2000 years later in the history of India as guards for the Nizams of Deccan and Hyderabad. And on the island of Sri Lanka, the Kandy royal family had a royal guard of female archers. In Europe, Celtic and Germanic tribes often had women fighting with their husbands. Tacitus tells us that Boadicea had more women than men in her army. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1053x938, 1010 KB) The girls of SmÃ¥land, by Hugo Hamilton (1830) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1053x938, 1010 KB) The girls of SmÃ¥land, by Hugo Hamilton (1830) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The girls of SmÃ¥land by Hugo Hamilton (1830) Blenda is the heroine of a legend from SmÃ¥land, who leads the women of Värend in an attack on a pillaging Danish army and annihilates it. ... A bodyguard is a person or group of people who professionally protect someone (known as their principal) from personal assault, kidnapping, assassination, loss of confidential information, or other threats. ... Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Bindusara Maurya Reign: 322 BC-298 BC Place of birth: India Chandragupta Maurya (Sanskrit: चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य; Greek: Sandrakottos) (born c. ... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 327 BC 326 BC 325 BC 324 BC 323 BC - 322 BC - 321 BC 320 BC 319... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC Years: 303 BC 302 BC 301 BC 300 BC 299 BC - 298 BC - 297 BC 296 BC... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... The history of India begins with the archaeological record of Homo sapiens ca. ... The Nizams Coat of Arms Nizam-ul-Mulk was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad state from 1724 to 1949. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Flag of the State of Hyderabad. ... The Temple of the Tooth Relic in Kandy Kandy (මහනුවර/ සෙංකඩගල in Sinhala, கண்டி in Tamil) is the name used by British invaders for the city of Senkadagala (Mahanuwara) in the centre of Sri Lanka. ... In Target Archery, the object is to hit targets such as this to score points. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Celts redirects here. ... The term Germanic tribes (or Teutonic tribes) applies to the ancient Germanic peoples of Europe. ... Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c. ... Boudicca (also written Boudica, Boadicea, Buduica, Bonduca), was a Celtic female chieftain who led the Iceni and a number of other Celtic tribes, including the neighbouring Trinovantes, in a major uprising against the occupying Roman forces in Britain in AD 60 or 61 during the reign of the emperor Nero. ...

There is also a woman in the Old Testament, Deborah, who may be one of the first recorded instances of a woman participating in battle. She was a prophetess, a warrior, a leader, and a Judge of Israel, all in one. She correctly predicted that the enemy general, Sisera, who faced Israel at this time would be slain by a woman (the woman who killed him and also received credit for the army's victory was named Jael). This story is chronicled in Judges. For information on the nurse of Rebeccah, mentioned in Genesis, see Deborah (Genesis) Deborah or Dvora (דְּבוֹרָה Bee, Standard Hebrew Dəvora, Tiberian Hebrew Dəḇôrāh) was a prophetess and the fourth Judge and only female Judge of pre-monarchic Israel in the Old Testament (Tanakh). ... Jael [Category: Jael facts and bio] Jael (Hebrew (Hebrew: The ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel) Yael), is mentioned in the Book of Judges (Book of Judges: A book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel...

Gordafarid, a warlike maid, firm in the saddle, and practiced in the fight, resembling the classic image of an Amazon, appears in Old Iranian tales: Gordafarid is one of the heroines in Ferdowsis Shahnama. ... ...

She hid her tresses under a helmet of Roum, and she mounted a steed of battle and came forth before the walls like to a warrior. And she uttered a cry of thunder, and flung it amid the ranks of Turan, and she defied the champions to come forth to single combat. And none came, for they beheld her how she was strong, and they knew not that it was a woman, and they were afraid.

---Ferdowsi, "Šāhnāma" ("Book of Kings") فردوسی Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... Shahnameh Scenes from the Shahnameh carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ...

Among the Mongols and the ancient Turks were many heroic women. One such was the mother of Jenghiz Khan. In Jenghiz Khan's army women could fight along men if they wished and some did so, as reported by Muslim writers during the invasion of Western Iran by Chormagan a Mongol general. Mongols (Mongolian: Монгол Mongol, Turkish: MoÄŸollar) are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central Asian plateau north of the Gobi desert and south of Siberia. ... Genghis Khan (Mongolian: Чингис Хаан, Jenghis Khan, Jinghis Khan, Chinghiz Khan, Jinghiz Khan, Chinggis Khan, Changaiz Khan, original name Temüjin, Temuchin, Mongolian: Тэмүүжин) (c. ... Genghis Khan (Mongolian: Чингис Хаан, Jenghis Khan, Jinghis Khan, Chinghiz Khan, Jinghiz Khan, Chinggis Khan, Changaiz Khan, original name Temüjin, Temuchin, Mongolian: Тэмүүжин) (c. ... Mongol commander in Persia, fl. ...

In Scandinavia, women who did not yet have the responsibility for raising a family could take up arms and live like warriors. They were called shieldmaidens and many of them figure in Norse mythology. One of the most famous shieldmaidens was Hervor and she figures in the cycle of the magic sword Tyrfing. The Danish chronicler Saxo Grammaticus relates that when the Swedish king Sigurd Ring and the Danish king Harald Wartooth met at the Battle of Bråvalla, 300 shieldmaidens fought on the Danish side led by Visna. Saxo relates that the shieldmaidens fought with small shields and long swords. Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centered on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. ... Hervor dying after the battle with the Huns. ... Norse or Scandinavian mythology comprises the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, including those who settled on Iceland, where the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled. ... Hervor dying, a painting by Peter Nicolai Arbo Hervor was a shieldmaiden in the cycle of the magic sword Tyrfing, presented in Hervarar saga and of which parts are found in the Poetic Edda. ... For other uses see Tyrfing (disambiguation) Tyrfing or Tirfing was a magic sword which figures in a poem from the Elder Edda called The Waking of Angantýr, and in Hervarar saga. ... Saxo, etching by the Danish-Norwegian illustrator Louis Moe (1857 – 1945) Saxo Grammaticus (estimated. ... Sigurðr hringr, Sigurd Ring (ca 750) was a Swedish king mentioned in sources such as the Heimskringla, Gesta Danorum, Hervarar Saga and Sögubrot af Nokkrum. ... Harald Wartooth at the Battle of BrÃ¥valla. ... The Battle of Brávellir or the Battle of BrÃ¥valla was a legendary battle that took place on the Brávellir between Sigurd Ring, king of Sweden and the Geats of West Götaland, and Harald Hildetand, king of Denmark and the Geats of East Götaland. ...

The shieldmaiden Hervor dying after a battle with the Huns in Hervarar saga

Similarly, the Valkyries of Norse mythology are minor female deities, who serve Odin. The name means choosers of the slain or "Chanters of the slain" . The valkyries' purpose was to choose the most heroic of those who had died in battle and to carry them off to Valhalla where they became einherjar. This was necessary because Odin needed warriors to fight at his side at the preordained battle at the end of the world, Ragnarök. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1252x788, 57 KB) Hervor was a shieldmaiden in the cycle of the magic sword Tyrfing, presented in Hervarar saga and of which parts are found in the Poetic Edda. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1252x788, 57 KB) Hervor was a shieldmaiden in the cycle of the magic sword Tyrfing, presented in Hervarar saga and of which parts are found in the Poetic Edda. ... Hervor dying after the battle with the Huns. ... Hervor dying, a painting by Peter Nicolai Arbo Hervor was a shieldmaiden in the cycle of the magic sword Tyrfing, presented in Hervarar saga and of which parts are found in the Poetic Edda. ... The Huns were a confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads. ... Hervarar saga ok Heidhreks is a fornaldarsaga from the 13th century using material from an older saga. ... This article is about the Valkyries, figures of Norse mythology. ... Norse or Scandinavian mythology comprises the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, including those who settled on Iceland, where the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled. ... For other meanings of Odin, Woden or Wotan see Odin (disambiguation), Woden (disambiguation), Wotan (disambiguation). ... In this illustration from a 17th century Icelandic manuscript, Heimdall is shown guarding the gate of Valhalla. ... In Norse religion the einherjar or einheriar, were spirits of warriors who had died bravely in battle. ... Look up Ragnarok in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

A legend which may be based on the Greek Amazons appears in the history of Bohemia. As the story goes, a large band of women, led by a certain Vlasta and her henchwoman Šárka, carried on war against the duke of Bohemia, and enslaved or put to death all men who fell into their hands; eventually, they were mercilessly defeated by the duke. In the 16th century the Spanish explorer Orellana asserted that he had come into conflict with fighting women in South America on the Marañón River, which was named after them the Amazon or river of the Amazons, although others derive its name from the Indian amassona (boat-destroyer), applied to the tidal phenomenon known as the "bore". Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... The story of Šárka (a womans name) is a myth dealing with events in the Maidens War in seventh-century Bohemia. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... A Spanish postal stamp featuring Orellana Francisco de Orellana (c1500-c1549) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... The river Marañón rises about 100 miles to the north-east of Lima, Peru. ... A satellite image of the mouth of the Amazon River, looking south The Amazon River or River Amazon (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ) of South America is the most voluminous river on earth, having a greater total flow than the next six largest rivers combined. ...

The armored warrior maiden (whose gender is often unsuspected) is a frequent character in the European chivalric epic. The most famous of these female knights is Bradamante -- daughter of Aymon, sister to the knight Renaud de Montauban (Rinaldo, Ranaldo) and legendary ancestor to the house of Este -- who is destined to marry the knight Ruggiero (or Rugiero). Her adventures are a major element in the Italian Renaissance epics Orlando innamorato by Matteo Maria Boiardo and its continuation Orlando furioso by Ariosto. A similar character is the pagan warrior knight Clorinda who battles against the Christian crusaders in Torquato Tasso's epic Jerusalem Delivered. In his epic The Faerie Queene, Edmund Spencer devotes one chapter to the story of a female knight, Britomart, who is an example of Christian chastity. The vogue of such female knights in literature would continue though the seventeenth century and inspired not only dramatic recreations but also actual military feats (such as the duchess of Montpensier's participation in the Fronde). The best known historical Medieval Amazon characters are Sichelgaita of Salerno, Joan of Arc, queen Margaret I of Denmark and Jeanne Hachette. Medieval noblewomen often had a rudimentary military training, as it was the task of the lady of the castle to lead the defence of the castle if the lord was away. Renaud de Montauban, also known as Rinaldo di Montalbano, was a fictional hero who was introduced to literature in a twelfth century Old French chanson de geste. ... Ercole I dEste was one of the most important patrons of arts in the Italian Renaissance. ... Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the features of his Renaissance contemporaries. ... Orlando Innamorato is an epic poem written by the Italian Renaissance author Matteo Maria Boiardo. ... Matteo Maria Boiardo (c. ... Ruggiero Rescuing Angelica by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. ... Ludovico Ariosto (September 8, 1474 _ July 6, 1533) was a Ferrarese poet, author of the epic poem Orlando furioso (1516), Orlando Enraged. He was born at Reggio, in Hungary in 1518, and wished Aniosto to accompany him. ... Torquato Tasso (March 11, 1544 – April 25, 1595) was an Italian poet of the 16th century, best known for his poem La Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered; 1575), in which he describes the imaginary combats between Christians and Muslims at the end of the First Crusade, during the siege of Jerusalem. ... Jerusalem Delivered (La Gerusalemme liberata) (1580) is a baroque epic poem by Torquato Tasso which tells the (largely fictionalized) story of the First Crusade in which Christians knights, lead by Godfrey of Bouillon, battle Muslims in order to raise the siege of Jerusalem. ... Una and the Lion by Briton Rivière The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser, published first in three books in 1590, and later in six books in 1596. ... Edmund Spenser Edmund Spenser (c. ... Allegory of chastity by Hans Memling. ... Anne Marie Louise dOrleans, duchesse de Montpensier (May 29, 1627 - April 5, 1693), French memoir-writer, was born at the Louvre. ... The Fronde (1648–1653) was a civil war in France, followed by the Franco-Spanish War (1653). ... Sikelgaita (1040-April 16, 1090) was a Lombard princess, the second wife of Robert Guiscard. ... Joan of Arc, also known as Jeanne dArc,[1] (c. ... Queen Margaret I for Queens Margaret of Denmark, see Queen Margaret of Denmark, and for a namesake queen consort of Scotland, see Margaret of Denmark Margaret Valdemarsdotter (1353 – October 28, 1412) was Queen of Norway, Regent of Denmark and of Sweden, and founder of the so-called Kalmar Union which... Jeanne Hachette (c. ...

These epics sometimes contained still closer parallels to the legends of the Amazons. Orlando furioso contains a country of warrior women, ruled by Queen Orontea; the epic describes an origin much like that in Greek myth, in that the women, abandoned by a band of warriors and unfaithful lovers, rallied together to form a nation from which men were severely reduced, to prevent their regaining power.

Dahomey Amazons holding muskets. The horns are indicators of rank.

The Trưng Sisters, two 1^st century women, are regarded as national heroines of Vietnam who led for three years a daring rebellion against Chinese rule and several times defeated numerically superior forces. The forces which they commanded are reported to have been largely composed of women. Dahomey Amazons wearing horns indicating rank This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Dahomey Amazons wearing horns indicating rank This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Procession commemorating the TrÆ°ng Sisters in early 20th century The TrÆ°ng Sisters, known in Vietnamese as Hai Bà TrÆ°ng (the two TrÆ°ng ladies), are two 1st century women regarded as national heroines of Vietnam after they successfully repelled Chinese invasions for three years. ... The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Dahomey Amazons were a 6000 strong military unit of Dahomey (now Benin) in West Africa who were active from the 16th to the late 19th century. They were largely successful in their battles with neighboring kingdoms, and were finally defeated by the French. The Dahomey Amazons were a Fon all-female military regiment of the Kingdom of Dahomey (now Benin) which lasted until end of the 19th century. ... Dahomey was a kingdom in Africa, situated in what is now the nation of Benin. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Libya has a long history of Amazon women, which probably pre-dates the Greek Amazons. Even today, Gadaffi is guarded by female soldiers. Other African ethnic groups who used fighting women were the Igbo and Fulani, who integrated the women into their armies. Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi Muammar Abu Minyar al-Qaddafi 1 (Arabic: معمر القذافي Mu`ammar al-Qadhdhāfī) (born 1942), leader of Libya since 1970 and a controversial Arab statesman. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... The Igbo or Ibo are one of the largest ethnicities in Africa. ... Categories: Africa-related stubs | Burkina Faso | Cameroon | Ethnic groups of Africa | Fulani Empire | Mali | Nigeria ...

In the kingdom of Siam in the 19th century, the king had a personal battalion of 400 spear-wielding women. They were chosen from the most beautiful women of the country, and were said to be excellent spear-throwers, though they were regarded as too valuable to be sent to war. Almost all countries have female combatants in their history one time or the other; it is simply the matter of more or less. Around 400 women secretly took part as soldiers in the American Civil War. For notable cases of women became soldiers, reference may be made to Mary Anne Talbot and Hannah Snell. For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Mary Anne Talbot (1778-1808) was an Englishwoman who wore a male dress and became a sailor during the Napoleonic wars. ... Hannah Snell (1723-1792) was an Englishwoman who took a mans role to become a soldier. ...

Hendrikus Colijn, a Dutch colonial officer at the late 19th Century (later Prime Minster of the Netherlands), was involved in the bloody conquest of Acheh, the province of today's Indonesia which held out longest against Dutch rule. In a letter to his wife Colijn wrote: "I have seen a mother carrying a child of about 6 months old on her left arm, with a long lance in her right hand, who was running in our direction. One of our bullets killed the mother as well as the child." As he forthrightly wrote, following this incident Colijn instructed his soldiers to show no mercy and massacre women as well as men in conquered villages. Hendrikus Colijn (1869–1944), was a successful Dutch soldier, businessman and politician. ... Aceh (pronounced Ah-chay) is a special territory (daerah istimewa, or special autonomy) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Dutch colonists and the current Indonesian government. ...

In the Finnish Civil War 1918, the Reds had woman guard units (naiskaarti). They often fought more furiously than their male counterparts and seldom surrendered, as they knew what to expect if captured. Their ferocity made a lasting impression on the winning Whites, and it is said the woman guard of Sahalahti was the only unit to ever defeat German Jägers on field in that war. Combatants Whites: White Guards, German Empire, Swedish volunteers Reds: Red Guards, Bolshevist Russia Commanders Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Ali Aaltonen, Eero Haapalainen, Eino Rahja, Kullervo Manner Strength 80,000-90,000 Finns, 550 Swedish volunteers, 13,000 Germans[1] 80,000-90,000 Finns, 4,000-10,000 Russians[1...

In the 20th century, the states of the Soviet Union and Israel took the initiative to train and utilize women for light infantry and other combatant roles. Although these moves were initially motivated by the shortage of manpower, for example on USSR's western front in WWII, they led the way for the use of female combatants by the U.S. and other western nations.

The Amazons Polo Team

Inspired by the mythical Amazons, the first-ever ladies equestrian Polo team in Brazil "The Amazons" was established in September 2005. Founded by Kristie Hanbury, the team is competing in national and international polo tournaments, and is active in promoting the growth of women's polo in Brazil and around the world. The Amazons have also embarked on an extensive Social Responsibility campaign to raise awareness for victims of spinal injuries and breast cancer, with Kristie's own life story as the inspiration for people in their fight for recovery from these conditions.

See also

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Amazons

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Amazons

• Amazons in popular culture
• Timeline of women's participation in warfare
• Valkyrie
• Themis
• Artemis
• Liburnians (according to Pseudo-Scylax ruled by women)
• Virago

Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo-en. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... It has been noted that until the 20th century, Amazons were typically depicted in literature as an alien adversary that threatened the masculinity of heroes. ... A woman with a sword, from a Medieval manuscript. ... The Valkyries Vigil, by the Pre-Raphaelite painter Edward Robert Hughes. ... In Greek mythology, Hesiod mentions Themis among the six sons and six daughters—of whom Cronos was one—of Gaia and Ouranos, that is, of Earth with Sky. ... The Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a sculpture by Leochares (Louvre Museum) Artemis (Greek: nominative , genitive ), in Olympian Greek mythology the daughter of Zeus and of Leto and the twin sister of Apollo, was one of the most widely venerated of the gods and manifestly one of the... The Liburnians (or Liburni, Gk. ... Look up virago in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Legendary Amazons from Greek myth

• Ainia
• Antianara
• Antibrote
• Antiope
• Asteria
• Cleite
• Helene
• Hippolyte
• Melanippe
• Otrera
• Penthesilea
• Thalestris
• Thebe

In Greek mythology, Ainia was an enemy of Achilles and an Amazon, one of the twelve who accompanied Penthesilea to the Trojan War. ... In Greek mythology, Antianara succeeded Penthesilea as Queen of the Amazons. ... In Greek mythology, Antibrote was one of the twelve Amazons who accompanied Penthesilea to the Trojan War. ... Antiope () is a figure from Greek mythology. ... Asteria can refer to: In Greek mythology, Asteria was the sixth killed by Heracles when he came for Hippolytes girdle. ... In Greek mythology, Cleite was one of the twelve Amazons who were to accompany Penthesilea to the Trojan War. ... In Greek mythology, Helene (different from Helen of Troy as well as Hellen) referred to two different people: A friend of Aphrodites, Helene helped her seduce Adonis. ... In Greek mythology, Hippolyta is the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle she was given by her father Ares, the god of war. ... In Greek mythology, Melanippe referred to several different people. ... In Greek mythology, Otrera (or Otrere) was the consort of Ares and mother of Hippolyte and Penthesilea, and ancestress of the Amazons. ... In Greek mythology, Penthesilea (also spelled Penthesilia) was an Amazonian queen, daughter of Ares and Otrera, sister of Hippolyte, Antiope and Melanippe. ... In Greek mythology, Queen Thalestris of the Amazons brought three hundred women to Alexander the Great, hoping to breed a race of children as strong and intelligent as him. ... In Greek mythology, the name Thebe refers to at least three different people An Amazon A nymph, daughter of Asopus and Metope, wife of Zethus. ...

Notes

1. ^ Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. 1, p. 138; Daniel G. Brinton, The Protohistoric Ethnography of Western Asia, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (1895), calls them a "Hittite class of priestesses", deriving the Circassian word from an Indo-European word for "moon" (Sanskrit māsa).
2. ^ Book ii.45-46; book iii.52-55.
3. ^ The epic, by Arctinus of Miletus, is lost: only references to it survive.
4. ^ The Women Warriors - the Sarmatians (CAIS Online); accessed Jan 16, 2007
5. ^ Mountain H., The Celtic Encyclopaedia, Page 39
6. ^ CAIS Archaeological and Cultural News: Amazon Graves Found in what is today known as Kazakhstan(LINK) Dated Friday, 27 April 2001; accessed Jan 16, 2007
7. ^ CAIS Archaeologicla and Cultural News Dated , Friday, 16 November 2001: Female Warriors' Graves From Ancient Iranian Homeland (LINK)
8. ^ http://www.myrine.at

Arctinus of Miletus was one of the earliest poets of Greece and contributors to the epic cycle. ...

External links

• Herodotus on the Amazons
  • Herodotus via Gutenberg
  • Perseus
• Man-Handlers: Feminism in Ancient Greece by Declan Jenkins, New College, Oxford, in The Owl Journal
• Straight Dope: Amazons
  • Religious cults associated with the Amazons
• The Amazons in Greek Legend
• Amazons of Mythology
• Amazon Research Center
• Straight Dope
• The Amazon Connection
• Amazon Nation
• Discovery News: Amazon Women Fought for Rome?
• Secrets of the Dead: Amazon Warrior Women (PBS)
• The Amazons Polo Team

References

• A. D. Mordtmann, Die Amazonen (1862)
• W. Stricker, Die Amazonen in Sage und Geschichte (1868)
• A. Klugmann, Die Amazonen in der attischen Literatur und Kunst (1875)
• H. L. Krause, Die Amazonensage (1893)
• F. G. Bergmann, Les Amazones dans l'histoire et dans la fable (1853)
• P. Lacour, Les Amazones (1901)
• articles in Pauly-Wissowa's Realencyclopadie, and W. H. Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologie
• George Grote, History of Greece, pt. i. ch. 11.
• J. A. Salmonson, The Encyclopedia of Amazons (1991), ISBN 0-385-42366-7
• Josine H. Blok, The Early Amazons: Modern and Ancient Perspectives on a Persistent Myth (1995) Josine H. Blok

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Pauly-Wissowa is the name commonly used for the Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, 1894ff, a German encyclopedia of classical scholarship. ... Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher (12 February 1845, Göttingen-9 March 1923, Dresden) was a German classical scholar. ... George Grote George Grote (November 17, 1794 - June 18, 1871) was an English classical historian. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

See also

• Amazon