NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Amban

The Ambans were imperial administrators of Qing China in Tibet. They took orders from the emperor and represented his sovereignty over Tibet. This post was regularly held by one or two Han Chinese, Mongol, or Manchu officers. This post existed from 1727, but under different titles. The Emperors used Ambans to influence Tibetan politics, and the Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang emperors each decreed that the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama were bound to follow the leadership or guidance of the ambans in carrying out the administration of Tibet. The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: æ¸…æœ; pinyin: qÄ«ng chÃ¡o; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner... Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: à½–à½¼à½‘à¼‹, Bod, pronounced pÃ¶ in Lhasa dialect; Chinese: è¥¿è—, pinyin: XÄ«zÃ ng or è—åŒº ZÃ ngqÅ« [the two names are used with different connotations; see Name section below]) is a region in Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: æ±‰æ—; Traditional Chinese: æ¼¢æ—; Hanyu pinyin: ) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: æ»¡æ—; Traditional Chinese: æ»¿æ—; Hanyu pinyin: ) are a Tungusic people who originated in Northeastern Asia, collectively known in English as Manchuria. ... Events June 11 - George, Prince of Wales becomes King George II of Great Britain. ... The Qianlong Emperor (born Hongli, September 25, 1711 â€“ February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China. ... The Jiaqing Emperor (November 13, 1760 â€“ September 2, 1820) was the sixth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820. ... The Daoguang Emperor (September 16, 1782 - February 25, 1850) was the eighth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850. ... The 14th and current Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso (born 1935) The 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso (1876-1933) In Tibetan Buddhism, the successive Dalai Lamas (Tibetan: à½à¼‹à½±à½£à½ à½²à¼‹à½–à¾³à¼‹à½˜à¼‹ taa-lavi bla-ma; Chinese: è¾¾èµ–å–‡å˜› DÃ¡lÃ i LÄmÇŽ) form a tulku lineage of Gelugpa leaders which trace back to 1391. ... The Panchen Lama (Chinese: çç¦ªå–‡å˜› ;Tibetan: à½”à½“à¼‹à½†à½ºà½“à¼‹à½–à¾³à¼‹à½˜à¼‹) is the second highest ranking lama after the Dalai Lama in the Gelugpa (Dge-lugs-pa) sect of Tibetan Buddhism (the sect which controlled Tibet from the 16th century until the Communist takeover). ...

Of the 79 Ambans, most were Manchu. There were two that were Han Chinese: Tjing Wen between 1861 and 1869 and Ching Shan in 1900. At least fifteen Mongols were known to have served as Ambans, perhaps more. The nationalities of several of the Ambans is unknown. These are Cou-jing between 1727 and 1729, Pao-tjin-chung from 1729 to 1732, Cching-pao between 1731 and 1734, Li-cu from 1732 to 1733, and Tuo-er-tji from 1752 until 1754. 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... 1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

ial:Categories&article=Amban" title="Special:Categories">Categories: Tibet stubs | Tibet Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala Births January 9 - Thomas Warton, English poet (d. ... Events 10 Downing Street becomes the official residence of the United Kingdoms Prime Minister when Robert Walpole moves in. ... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... Events January 26 - Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... Events 12 February â€” The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated. ... Events February 4 - Court Jew Joseph Suss Oppenheimer is executed in WÃ¼rttenberg April 15 - Premiere in London of Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel. ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... // Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia The First Saudi State founded by Mohammed Ibn Saud Prague occupied by Prussian armies Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births January 10 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 â€“ Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... 1752 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1767 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1775 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1799 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Joyce Rollins is a lesbian. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...