 The Star of life, a symbol used on ambulances to denote the 6 stages of pre-hospital care  A British ambulance used by the NHS
 German ambulance and response car displaying active visual warning beacons  SUV-based Ambulance support vehicle An ambulance is a vehicle for transporting sick or injured people,[1] to, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury. The term ambulance is used to describe a vehicle used to bring medical care to patients outside of the hospital or to transport the patient to hospital for follow-up care and further testing. In some jurisdictions there is a modified form of the ambulance used, that only carries one member of ambulance crew to the scene to provide care, but is not used to transport the patient.[2] In these cases a patient who requires transportation to hospital will require a patient-carrying ambulance to attend in addition to the fast responder. Look up ambulance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
The Star of Life The Star of Life is a blue, six-pointed star, outlined with a white border which features the Rod of Asclepius in the center, originally designed and governed by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (under the United States Department of Transportation, DOT). ...
The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly-funded healthcare system of the United Kingdom. ...
Ontario Health air ambulance An air ambulance is an aircraft used for emergency medical assistance in situations where either a traditional ambulance cannot easily or quickly reach the scene or the patient needs to be repositioned at a distance where air transportation is most practical. ...
For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ...
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Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 556 pixelsFull resolution (2507 × 1743 pixel, file size: 809 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ambulance Metadata This file contains additional...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 556 pixelsFull resolution (2507 × 1743 pixel, file size: 809 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ambulance Metadata This file contains additional...
A fourth-generation (2006-) Ford Explorer, the best-selling mid-size SUV in the United States. ...
The Trikke is a Human Powered Vehicle (HPV) Automobiles are among the most commonly used engine powered vehicles. ...
Illness (sometimes referred to as ill-health) can be defined as a state of poor health. ...
Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. ...
The term ambulance comes from the Latin word ambulare, meaning to walk or move about[3] which is a reference to early medical care where patients were moved by lifting or wheeling. The word originally meant a moving hospital which follows an army in its movements.[4] During the American Civil War vehicles for conveying the wounded off the field of battle were called ambulance wagons.[5] Field hospitals were still called ambulances during the Franco-Prussian War[6] of 1870 and in the Serbo-Turkish war of 1876 [7] even though the wagons were first referred to as ambulances about 1854 during the Crimean War.[8] A patient having his blood pressure taken by a doctor. ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
47th Combat Support Hospital, 2000 A field hospital is a large mobile medical unit that temporarily takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent hospital facilities. ...
Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with South German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III François Achille Bazaine Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta Otto von Bismarck Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000 at wars beginning 1,200,000 Casualties 150,000...
Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought...
Nowadays the word is most commonly associated with the land-based, emergency motor vehicles that administer emergency care to those with acute illnesses or injuries, hereafter known as emergency ambulances. These are usually fitted with flashing warning lights and sirens to facilitate their movement through traffic. It is these emergency ambulances that are most likely to display the Star of Life,[9] which represents the six stages of prehospital medical care. Look up emergency in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Emergency Medicine is a speciality of medicine that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of acute illnesses and injuries that require immediate medical attention. ...
In addition to all of the equipment that a non-emergency vehicle is fitted with (eg: headlights, steering wheel, windshield/windscreen), emergency vehicles are fitted with additional emergency vehicle equipment. ...
It has been suggested that Fire siren be merged into this article or section. ...
Look up emergency in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Star of Life The Star of Life is a blue, six-pointed star, outlined with a white border which features the Rod of Asclepius in the center, originally designed and governed by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (under the United States Department of Transportation, DOT). ...
There are other types of ambulance, with the most common being the patient transport ambulance. These vehicles are not usually (although there are exceptions) equipped with life-support equipment, and are usually crewed by staff with fewer qualifications than the crew of emergency ambulances. Their purpose is simply to transport patients to, from or between places of treatment. In most countries, these are not equipped with flashing lights or sirens. Look up emergency in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Other vehicles used as ambulances include trucks, vans, station wagons, buses, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, boats, and even hospital ships. Autobus redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ...
Airplane and Aeroplane redirect here. ...
For other uses, see Boat (disambiguation). ...
USNS Comfort takes on supplies at Mayport, FL enroute to Gulf Coast. ...
Functional types
Ambulances can be grouped into types depending on whether or not they transport patients, and under what conditions. In some cases, ambulances may fulfil more than one function (such as combining emergency ambulance care with patient transport). - Emergency ambulance – The most common type of ambulance, which provide care to patients with an acute illness or injury. These can be road-going vans, boats, helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft (known as air ambulances) or even converted vehicles such as golf carts.
- Patient transport ambulance – A vehicle which has the job of transporting patients to, from or between places of medical treatment, such as hospital or dialysis center, for non-urgent care. These can be vans, buses or other vehicles.
- Response unit – Also known as a fly-car, which is a vehicle which is used to reach an acutely ill patient quickly, and provide on scene care, but lacks the capacity to transport the patient from the scene. Response units may be backed up by an emergency ambulance which can transport the patient, or may deal with the problem on scene, with no requirement for a transport ambulance. These can be a wide variety of vehicles, from standard cars, to modified vans, motorcycles, pedal cycles, quad bikes or horses. These units can function as a vehicle for officers or supervisors (similar to a fire chief's vehicle, but for ambulance services).
- Charity ambulance – A special type of patient transport ambulance is provided by a charity for the purpose of taking sick children or adults on trips or vacations away from hospitals, hospices or care homes where they are in long term care. Examples include the United Kingdom's 'Jumbulance' project.[10] These are usually based on a bus.
This article is about the road vehicle. ...
For other uses, see Boat (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ...
Airplane and Aeroplane redirect here. ...
Ontario Health air ambulance An air ambulance is an aircraft used for emergency medical assistance in situations where either a traditional ambulance cannot easily or quickly reach the scene or the patient needs to be repositioned at a distance where air transportation is most practical. ...
A Lamborghini built golf cart A golf cart (officially referred to as a golf car according to ANSI standard z130. ...
In medicine, dialysis is a type of renal replacement therapy which is used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function due to renal failure. ...
This article is about the road vehicle. ...
Autobus redirects here. ...
In emergency medical services, a fly-car is a sedan, station wagon, small SUV or other regular automobile enabling an EMS team to bring their equipment to the scene of an emergency. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
This article is about the road vehicle. ...
For other uses, see Motorcycle (disambiguation). ...
This mountain bicycle features oversized tires, a sturdy frame, front shock absorbers, and handlebars oriented perpendicular to the bikes axis Bicycle may also refer to Bicycle Playing Cards. ...
A group of “quad bike†all terrain vehicles The term all-terrain vehicle is used in a general sense to describe any of a number of small open motorised buggies and tricycles designed for off-road use. ...
Who ever deleted my page is a prat and i wil hunt them down on lucy and shout at them loudly! RAAAAARRR! connie sansom ...
A Fire Chiefs Vehicle, or a Chief Unit or a Fire Chiefs Car or a Fire Car is a Car, Truck, or SUV that is driven by a fire chief when reporting to fire scenes. ...
Autobus redirects here. ...
Vehicle types Ambulances can be based on many types of vehicle, although emergency and disaster conditions may lead to other vehicles serving as makeshift ambulances: Look up emergency in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
- Van – A typical ambulance is of a van construction, based on a standard chassis, usually with a maximum road weight loaded of between 3.5 and 7.5 tonnes. In North America, the large box type vehicles are referred to as "mods" (modular) and the smaller van type vehicle is often called a "high-top".
- Car/SUV – Used either as a fly-car for rapid response[2] or for patients who can sit, these are standard car models adapted to the requirements of the service using them. Some cars are capable of taking a stretcher with a recumbent patient, but this often requires the removal of the front passenger seat, or the use of a particularly long car. This was often the case with early ambulances, which were converted (or even serving) hearses, as these were some of the few vehicles able to accept a human body in a supine position).
- Motorcycle – In developed areas, these are used for rapid response in an emergency[11] as they can travel through heavy traffic much faster than a car or van, although in the developing world, trailer or sidecar adaptations make these patient transporting units.[12][13]
- Bicycle – Used for response, but usually in pedestrian only areas where large vehicles find access difficult.[14][15] Like the motorcycle, a bicycle may be connected to a trailer for patient transport, most often in the developing world.[16]
- All Terrain Vehicle – for example quad bikes; these are used for response off road,[17] especially at events. ATVs can be modified to carry a stretcher, and are used for tasks such as mountain rescue in inaccessible areas.
- Golf cart – Used for rapid response at events.[18] These function similarly to ATVs, with less rough terrain capability, but with less noise.
- Helicopter – Usually used for emergency care, either in places inaccessible by road, or in areas where speed is of the essence, as they are able to travel significantly faster than a road ambulance.[19]
- Fixed-wing aircraft – These can be used for either acute emergency care in remote areas (such as in Australia, with the 'Flying Doctors'[20]) or for patient transport over long distances (usually a re-patriation following an illness or injury in a foreign country[21][22]).
- Boat – Boats can be used to serve as ambulances, especially in island areas[23] or in areas with a large number of canals, such as the Venetian boat ambulances. Some lifeboats or lifeguard vessels may fit the description of an ambulance as they are used to transport a casualty.
- Ship – Ships can be used as hospital ships, mostly operated by national military services,[24] although some ships are operated by charities.[25] They can meet the definition of ambulances as they provide transport to the sick and wounded (along with treatment). They are often sent to disaster or war zones to provide care for the casualties of these events.
This article is about the road vehicle. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
A fourth-generation (2006-) Ford Explorer, the best-selling mid-size SUV in the United States. ...
In emergency medical services, a fly-car is a sedan, station wagon, small SUV or other regular automobile enabling an EMS team to bring their equipment to the scene of an emergency. ...
Funeral carriage, Museum of Funeral Customs For the extreme metal band, see Hearse (band) A hearse is a funeral vehicle, a conveyance for the coffin from e. ...
The supine position is a position of the body; lying down with the face up, as opposed to the prone position, which is face down. ...
For other uses, see Motorcycle (disambiguation). ...
Utility trailer A Trailer is generally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle. ...
BMW R51/3 motorcycle with sidecar Ural Retro with sidecar Vespa scooter with sidecar This article concerns sidecar as an attachment to a motocycle. ...
For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ...
A group of “quad bike” all terrain vehicles The term all-terrain vehicle is used to describe a number of small open motorised buggies and tricycles designed for off_road use. ...
A group of “quad bike†all terrain vehicles The term all-terrain vehicle is used in a general sense to describe any of a number of small open motorised buggies and tricycles designed for off-road use. ...
A Lamborghini built golf cart A golf cart (officially referred to as a golf car according to ANSI standard z130. ...
For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ...
Airplane and Aeroplane redirect here. ...
Royal Flying Doctor Service (TV series) The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS, informally known as The Flying Doctors) is an air ambulance service for those living in the remote inland areas of Australia. ...
For other uses, see Boat (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Lifeguard (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Ship (disambiguation). ...
USNS Comfort takes on supplies at Mayport, FL enroute to Gulf Coast. ...
History
Early patient transport There is evidence of forced transport of those with psychiatric problems or leprosy in to ancient times. The first record of an ambulance was probably a hammock based cart constructed around 900 AD by the Anglo-Saxons.[26] Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders (see mental illness). ...
For the malady found in the Hebrew Bible, see Tzaraath. ...
For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ...
During the Crusades of the 11th century, the Knights of St John set up hospitals to treat pilgrims wounded in their battles in the 'holy land', although there is no clear evidence to suggest how the wounded made their way to these hospitals.
In Norman times, a litter suspended between horses on two poles was used.[26] Variations on the horse litter and horse-drawn wagons were used from then right up to the 20th century. Norman conquests in red. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
Early battlefield treatment The first record of ambulances being used for emergency purposes was the use by Queen Isabella of Spain, in 1487. The Spanish army of the time was treated extremely well and attracted volunteers from across the continent, and part of this was the first military hospitals or 'ambulancias', although injured soldiers were not picked up for treatment until after the cessation of the battle, resulting in many dying on the field. Isabella of Castile (Spanish: Ysabel, Isabel or Isabela) (22 April 1451 - 26 November 1504) was queen of Castile. ...
A major change in usage of ambulances in battle came about with the ambulance volantes designed by Dominique Jean Larrey (1766–1842), Napoleon Bonaparte’s chief physician. Larrey was present at the battle of Spires, between the French and Prussians, and was distressed by the fact that wounded soldiers were not picked up by the numerous ambulances (which Napoleon required to be stationed two and half miles back from the scene of battle) until after hostilities has ceased, and set about developing a new ambulance system.[26] Having decided against using the Norman system of horse litters, he settled on two or four-wheeled horse drawn wagons were used to transport fallen soldiers from the (active) battlefield after they had received early treatment in the field. These 'flying ambulances' were first used by Napoleons Army of the Rhine is 1793. Larrey subsequently developed similar services for Napoleon's other armies, and adapted his ambulances to the conditions, including developing a litter which could be carried by a camel for a campaign in Egypt. Dominique Jean Larrey, portrait by Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, beginning of 19th century. ...
Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français...
For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation). ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
Development of civilian services In civilian ambulances, a major advance was made with the introduction of a transport carriage for cholera patients in London in 1832. The Times newspaper said that "The curative process commences the instant the patient is put in to the carriage; time is saved which can be given to the care of the patient; the patient may be driven to the hospital so speedily that the hospitals may be less numerous and located at greater distances from each other".[26] Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ...
The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2350x1638, 422 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ambulance ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2350x1638, 422 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ambulance ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
Advances during the American Civil War More advances in medical care for the military were made during the United States’ Civil War. Union military physicians Joseph Barnes and Jonathan Letterman built upon Larrey’s work and designed a prehospital care system for soldiers, which used new techniques and methods of transport. They ensured that every regiment possessed at least one ambulance cart, with a two wheel design that accommodated two or three patients. These ambulances unfortunately proved to be too lightweight for the task, and were phased out to be replaced by the "Rucker" ambulance, named for Major General Rucker,[26] which was a four wheeled design, and was a common sight on battlefield of that war. Other vehicles were pressed in to service during the civil war, including a number of Steamboats, which served as mobile hospitals for the troops. It was in this period that the practice of transporting wounded soldiers to treatment facilities by railroad was introduced.[27] Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
For other uses, see Steamboat (disambiguation). ...
This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ...
Hospital based services begin The first known hospital based ambulance service was based out of Commercial Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio (now the Cincinnati General) by 1865.[26] This was soon followed by other services, notably the New York service provided out of Bellevue Hospital. Bellevue Hospital is a famous hospital located in New York City, New York, United States. ...
New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...
Cincinnati, Ohio viewed from the SW, across the Ohio River from Kentucky. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
This article is about the state. ...
Edward Dalton, a former surgeon in the Union Army, was charged with creating a hospital in lower New York, he started an ambulance service to bring the patients to the hospital faster and in more comfort, which started in 1869. He claimed the service was the first of its kind, being unaware of the work in Cincinnati four year earlier. These ambulances carried medical equipment, such as splints, a stomach pump, morphine, and brandy, reflecting contemporary medicine. Dalton believed that speed was of the essence, and horses were left harnessed, being attached to the ambulance by a 'drop' or 'snap' harness, meaning they were ready to go within 30 seconds of being called. The service was very popular and grew rapidly, with the year 1870 seeing the ambulances attend 1401 emergency calls, but twenty one years later, this had more than tripled to 4392.[26] By the turn of the century, interns accompanied New York City ambulances, treated patients on scene, and often left them at home.[27] The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
This article is about the drug. ...
For other uses, see Brandy (disambiguation). ...
The term harness has been used for many centuries for part of the collection of equipment known as horse tack, essential in the domestic, military, and agrarian use of horses. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
In 1867, the city of London's Metropolitan Asylums Board, in the United Kingdom, received six horse-drawn ambulances for the purpose of conveying smallpox and fever patients from their homes to a hospital. These ambulances were designed to resemble private carriages, but were equipped with rollers in their floors and large rear doors to allow for a patient, lying on a specially designed bed, to be easily loaded. Space was provided for an attendant to ride with the patient, and the entire patient compartment was designed to be easily cleaned and decontaminated. Anyone willing to pay the cost of horse hire could summon the ambulance by telegram or in person.[28] This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
The Metropolitan Asylums Board (or MAB) was established under Poor Law legislation, to deal with Londons sick poor. ...
Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ...
Dedicated services begin In June 1887 the St John Ambulance Brigade was established to provide first aid and ambulance services at public events in London.[29] It was modeled on a military-style command and discipline structure. The St John Ambulance Association had already been teaching first aid to the public for 10 years prior to that.[29] National or state based branches of St John Ambulance now provides ambulance and first aid services in many countries around the world.[30] St. ...
In Ireland the St John Ambulance was set up in 1903 in the Guinesse Brewery in St. James Gate in Dublin by Doctor, later Sir, John Lumsden for workers. In 1910 the Brigade began its first public duty at the Royal Dublin Society. During the 1916 rising and (after becoming the independent St John Ambulance Brigade of Ireland) the 'Emergency' (World War II) the brigade acted as an ambulance service and remained so until the set up of Regional Ambulance Services. It should be noted that in Dublin, the Dublin Fire Brigade (DFB) also run the main ambulance service for the capital and are separate from the Eastern Regional Ambulance Service (ERAS).
In Queensland, a state in Australia, military medic Seymour Warrian called a public meeting in Brisbane and established an ambulance service after witnessing an event at the Brisbane showgrounds during Show Week in 1892.[31] A fallen rider, suffering a broken leg was walked off the field by well meaning but misguided bystanders, worsening his injury. As a result of the meeting, the Queensland Ambulance Transport Brigade was formed on the 12 September.[31] The first ambulance station in Queensland operated out of the Brisbane Newspaper Company and officers on night duty slept on rolls of newspaper on the floor. They had a stretcher, but no vehicle and transported patients on foot, although in time, they gained horse drawn stretchers and eventually vehicles. A year after the establishment of the Brisbane centre, another was established in Charters Towers in north Queensland, growing to over 90 community controlled ambulance centres. In 1991 the independent QATB centres amalgamated to form the Queensland Ambulance Service which is now the fourth largest ambulance service in the world.[31] Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Motto(s): Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Anna Bligh (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 28 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $158,506 (3rd...
is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Mass transit use for emergency medical provision In the late 19th century cities, including Bahia, Brazil and St Louis, Missouri, United States started using trolley cars on their tram network which were designed to act as ambulances, transporting the sick and injured. The trolley cars in Bahia included a fumigating compartment and a two bed nurses work area. The design of the tram network in St Louis was such that the ambulance streetcar, introduced in 1894 was able to reach all 16 infirmaries in the city.[26] Capital (and largest city) Salvador Demonym Baiano Government - Governor Jacques Wagner - Vice Governor Edmundo Pereira Santos Area - Total 564. ...
The Gateway Arch, shown here behind the Old Courthouse, is the most recognizable part of the St. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ...
In Germany, in 1902, a civilian ambulance train was introduced (building on the use of trains during military conflict) for use during railway accidents. It housed a mobile operating room and eight stretchers. Railroad employed surgeons lived near the railway station where the ambulance train was stationed, and were summoned to urgently attend in the event of an emergency. The train had priority over the tracks, with all other trains obliged to give way.[26]
Introduction of motor units
 A 1948 Cadillac A. J. Miller hearse modified into an ambulance. In the late 19th century, the automobile was being developed, and started to be introduced alongside horse-drawn models, early 20th century ambulances were powered by steam, gasoline, and electricity, reflecting the competing automotive technologies then in existence. However, the first motor powered ambulance was brought in to service in the last year of the 19th century, with the Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, taking delivery of the first automobile ambulance, donated by 500 prominent local businessmen, in February 1899.[26] This was followed in 1900, by New York city, who extolled its virtues of greater speed, more safety for the patient, faster stopping and a smoother ride. These first two automobile ambulances were electrically powered with 2 horsepower (1.5 kW) motors on the rear axle.[26] Image File history File links DFVAC_1948_Cadillac_Miller_Meteor_front_passenger_quarter. ...
Image File history File links DFVAC_1948_Cadillac_Miller_Meteor_front_passenger_quarter. ...
Car redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Steam (disambiguation). ...
Petrol redirects here. ...
Electricity (from New Latin Ä“lectricus, amberlike) is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. ...
Micheal Reese Hospital was founded in 1881. ...
For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ...
The first gasoline powered ambulance was the Palliser Ambulance, introduced in 1905, and named for Major Palliser of the Canadian Militia. This three wheeled vehicle (one at the front, two at the rear) was designed for use on the battlefield, under enemy fire. It was a heavy tractor unit, cased in bullet proof steel sheets. These steel shields opened outwards to provide a small area of cover from fire (nine feet wide by 7 feet (2.1 m) high) for the ambulance staff when the vehicle was stationary.[26]
The British Army was quickly behind the Canadians in introducing a limited number of automobile ambulances. In 1905, the Royal Army Medical Corps commissioned a number of Straker-Squire motor ambulance vans. They were based on a double decker bus manufactured by the same company, although on a shorter wheel base.[32] A number of them were based in Oxfordshire, serving several major encampments in the area.[26] The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all British Army personnel and their families in war and in peace. ...
The first mass production automobile based ambulance (rather than one off models) was produced in the United States by the James Cunningham, Son & Company of Rochester, New York, a manufacturer of carriages and hearses, in 1909. This ambulance was named the Model 774 Automobile Ambulance. The ambulance featured a proprietary 32 horsepower (24 kW), 4 cylinder internal combustion engine. The chassis rode on pneumatic tires, while the body featured electric lights, a suspended cot with two attendant seats, and a side mounted gong.[33] This article is about the city of Rochester in Monroe County. ...
An internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. ...
World War I
Ford 1916 Model T Field Ambulance. This canvas on wood frame model was used extensively by the British & French as well as the American Expeditionary Force in World War I. Its top speed was 45 mph (72 km/h) produced by a 4 cylinder water cooled engine. During World War One, the Red Cross brought in the first widespread battlefield motor ambulances to replace horse drawn vehicles, which was such a success, the horse drawn variants were quickly phased out. In civilian emergency care, dedicated ambulance services were frequently managed or dispatched by individual hospitals, though in some areas, telegraph and telephone services enabled police departments to handle dispatch duties.[27] Image File history File linksMetadata Ford-field-ambulance. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Ford-field-ambulance. ...
1908 Ford Model T advertisement The Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and the Flivver) was an automobile produced by Henry Fords Ford Motor Company from 1908 through 1928. ...
Officers of the American Expeditionary Forces and the Baker mission The American Expeditionary Forces or AEF was the United States military force sent to Europe in World War I.(In France, AEF is a news agency specialised in Education and Formation) The AEF fought alongside allied forces against imperial German...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
For the town in the Republic of Ireland, see Hospital, County Limerick. ...
Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ...
For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ...
The equipment carried by the ambulance was changing fast at this time. Traction splints were introduced during World War I, and were found to have a positive effect on the morbidity and mortality of patients with leg fractures. Two-way radios became available shortly after World War I, enabling for more efficient radio dispatch of ambulances. Shortly before World War II, then, a modern ambulance carried advanced medical equipment, was staffed by a physician, and was dispatched by radio. It was frequently found that ambulances were hearses – the only available vehicle that could carry a recumbent patient – and were thus frequently run by funeral homes, these vehicles which could serve for either purpose were known as combination cars.[27][34] “The Great War †redirects here. ...
In medicine, epidemiology and actuarial science, the term morbidity can refer to the state of being diseased (from Latin morbidus: sick, unhealthy), the degree or severity of a disease, the prevalence of a disease: the total number of cases in a particular population at a particular point in time, the...
Motorola HT1000 hand-held two-way radio A two-way radio is a radio that can both transmit and receive (a transceiver), unlike a broadcast receiver which only receives content one way. ...
Dispatch is a procedure for assigning customers to taxicabs, couriers, emergency services, and other mobile units. ...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
For other uses, see Doctor. ...
Funeral carriage, Museum of Funeral Customs For the extreme metal band, see Hearse (band) A hearse is a funeral vehicle, a conveyance for the coffin from e. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
A combination car was a vehicle built upon a (usually Cadillac) professional car chassis which could be employed either as a hearse or as an ambulance, and had the capability of being swapped between those roles without much difficulty. ...
Air ambulances  Australian Flying Doctor Service vehicles in 1954 During World War One, aviation moved from experimentation to a powerful military force, and following the war, with a surplus of aircraft in circulation, new uses were found for the aircraft. This included the conversion of planes throughout the world in to ambulance planes. Although in 1917, Lieutenant Clifford Peel, a medical student, outlined a system of fixed-wing aircraft and ground facilities designed to provide medical services to the Australian Outback, the first custom built air ambulances did not come in to existence until the late 1920s. These ideas became reality under the guidance of the Very Reverend John Flynn in 1928 when the Australian Inland Mission service established the Aerial Medical Service, a one year experimental program. Physicians in this program had several responsibilities, one of which was to fly out to a patient, treat the patient, and fly the patient to a hospital if the physician could not deliver adequate care on scene. Eventually, this experiment became the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia.[20] Airplane and Aeroplane redirect here. ...
For other uses, see Outback (disambiguation). ...
Royal Flying Doctor Service (TV series) The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS, informally known as The Flying Doctors) is an air ambulance service for those living in the remote inland areas of Australia. ...
World War II  A German ambulance of the World War II era. In much of the world, ambulance quality fell sharply during the second world war, as physicians, needed by the armed services, were pulled off of ambulances. In England, during the Battle of Britain, the need for ambulances was so great that vans were commandeered and pressed into service, often carrying several victims at once. Following the war, physicians would continue to ride ambulances in some countries, but not in others. Other vehicles, including civilian and police cars were pressed in to service to transport patients due to a lack of a dedicated resource.[27][35] Military ambulances such as the Austin K2 were used both in the combat areas and on the Home Front For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the Second World War battle. ...
Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor of the United States Federal Protective Service. ...
General characteristics Role Military ambulance Crew 1 armour none Capacity 4 stretchers or 10 walking wounded - Length 18 ft (5. ...
Rosie the Riveter represented civilian wartime mobilization in the United States during World War II. Home front is the informal term commonly used to describe the civilian populace of the nation at war as an active support system of its military. ...
The Korean War During the Korean War, the newly created United States Air Force created a number of air ambulance units for use in forward operating medical units, using helicopters for rapid evacuation of patients. The H-13 helicopter, made famous by the film and television versions of M*A*S*H, transported 18,000 wounded soldiers during the conflict.[36] The work of the Medical Air Evacuation Squadrons was a success and was repeated by U.S. forces in Vietnam. The use of helicopters for emergency medical evacuations extended to civilian practice by groups such as the Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society. Belligerents United Nations: Republic of Korea Australia Belgium Canada Colombia Ethiopia France Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Philippines South Africa Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Naval Support and Military Servicing/Repairs: Japan Medical staff: Denmark Italy Norway India Sweden DPR Korea PR China Soviet Union Commanders Syngman Rhee Chung...
USAF redirects here. ...
M*A*S*H title screen from the television series M*A*S*H was a media franchise active, in various forms, from 1968 to 1986. ...
The Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society (S.T.A.R.S) was formed in Calgary, Alberta, as a means of funding the purchase of the citys first medical evacuation helicopter. ...
Move to life saving, not just transporting
 A 1964 police cruiser, which is also fitted to transport patients After the Harrow and Wealdstone train crash, ambulances were restructured to be a "mobile hospital", rather than just transporting patients, thus leading to modern ambulances. CPR was developed and accepted as the standard of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; defibrillation, based in part on an increased understanding of heart arrhythmias, was introduced, as were new pharmaceuticals to be used in cardiac arrest situations; in Ireland, a mobile coronary care ambulance successfully resuscitated patients using these technologies;[26] and well-developed studies demonstrated the need for overhauling ambulance services. These studies placed pressure on governments to improve emergency care in general, including the care provided by ambulance services. Part of the result was the creation of standards in ambulance construction concerning the internal height of the patient care area (to allow for an attendant to continue to care for the patient during transport), in the equipment (and thus weight) that an ambulance had to carry. Few, or perhaps none of the then-available ambulances could meet these standards.[27][37] Image File history File links StratfordPd64. ...
Image File history File links StratfordPd64. ...
For other meanings of CPR, see CPR (disambiguation). ...
Typical view of defibrillation in progress, with the operator at the head, but clear of contact with the patient Defibrillation is the definitive treatment for the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. ...
Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ...
“Standard†redirects here. ...
 A 1973 Cadillac Miller-Meteor ambulance. Note the higher roof, with more room for the attendants and patient Most ambulances at the time, were built on a car chassis (often based on hearses), which could not accept the weight and other demands of the new standards; van (and later, light truck) chassis would have to be used instead.[27][37] Image File history File links DFVAC_1970s_Cadillac_Miller_Meteor_color_. ...
Image File history File links DFVAC_1970s_Cadillac_Miller_Meteor_color_. ...
For other uses, see Cadillac (disambiguation). ...
Photo courtesy of Wayne Bus Enthusiasts group on Yahoo Advertisement for 1973 Wayne Lifeguard School Bus on Ford chassis. ...
Look up Chassis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article is about the road vehicle. ...
For other uses, see Truck (disambiguation). ...
Ambulance design therefore underwent major changes in the 1970s. The early van-based ambulances looked very similar to their civilian counterparts, having been given a limited amount of emergency vehicle equipment such as audible and visual warnings, and the internal fittings for carrying medical equipment, most notably a stretcher. In addition to all of the equipment that a non-emergency vehicle is fitted with (eg: headlights, steering wheel, windshield/windscreen), emergency vehicles are fitted with additional emergency vehicle equipment. ...
ambulancers using a stretcher (profile) ambulancers using a stretcher (front) Soldiers using a simple stretcher A stretcher is a device used in medical professions to carry casualties or an incapacitated person from one place to another. ...
As time went on, ambulances matured in parallel to the newly developed EMS, gaining the capacity to carry additional equipment (both portable and permanently installed) as EMTs and paramedics added this equipment to their arsenal. . An Emergency medical service (abbreviated to initialism EMS in many countries) is a service providing out-of-hospital acute care and transport to definitive care, to patients with illnesses and injuries which the patient believes constitutes a medical emergency. ...
The Star of Life, a global symbol for medical service EMTs loading an injured skier into an ambulance An Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is an emergency responder trained to provide emergency medical services to the critically ill and injured. ...
The Star of Life, a globally recognized symbol for Emergency medical services. ...
Modern vehicles
 Israeli EMS's contemporary civilian armored mobile intensive care unit. Used for response to ongoing terrorist incidents, it is based on a super-duty Ford E-450 chassis. Modern ambulances are now often custom built (see Design and construction below), and as well as the specialist medical equipment now built in to the ambulances, industry wide improvements in vehicle design have had an impact, including improvements in audible and visual warning equipment to help protect crews in vulnerable situations (such as at a Road Traffic Collision), and general improvements such as ABS, which are particularly valuable for ambulances, due to the speeds reached and the weight carried. There have also been improvements to help safeguard the health and welfare of ambulance crews, such as the addition of patient tail lifts, ramps and winches,[38] to cut down on the amount of manual handling a crew must perform. Image File history File links MDA_Armoured_Ambulance. ...
Image File history File links MDA_Armoured_Ambulance. ...
The Magen David Adom emblem The Magen David Adom (Hebrew: ‎) is Israels national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service. ...
The Ford E-Series, formerly named and also known as the Econoline or Club Wagon, is a line of full-size vans (both cargo and passenger) and truck chassis from the Ford Motor Company. ...
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) (translated from German, Antiblockiersystem) is a system on motor vehicles which prevents the wheels from locking while braking. ...
A hydraulic cantilever tail lift on the back of a truck A tail lift is a mechanical device permanently fitted to the back of van or lorry, which is designed to facilitate the materials handling of goods from ground level or a loading dock to the level of the load...
Ambulance design is still evolving, largely due to the growing skills and role of Paramedics and other ambulance crew, which require specialist equipment. Other factors driving improvement include the need to help protect ambulance crews from common accidents, such as traffic collisions and rarer, but potentially catastrophic incidents such as terrorist activities. The Star of Life, a globally recognized symbol for Emergency medical services. ...
Design and construction Ambulance design must take into account local conditions and infrastructure. Maintained roads are necessary for road going ambulances to arrive on scene and then transport the patient to a hospital, though in rugged areas four-wheel drive or all-terrain vehicles can be used. Fuel must be available and service facilities are necessary to maintain the vehicle. ACT Ambulance Service logo The Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service (ACTAS) is responsible for providing emergency and non-emergency ambulance services to the ACT community. ...
For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Road (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the class of vehicles. ...
For other uses, see Fuel (disambiguation). ...
A mechanic working on the rear end of a car. ...
Methods of summoning (e.g. telephone) and dispatching ambulances usually rely on electronic equipment, which itself often relies on an intact power grid. Similarly, modern ambulances are equipped with two-way radios[39] or cellular telephones to enable them to contact hospitals, either to notify the appropriate hospital of the ambulance's pending arrival, or, in cases where physicians do not form part of the ambulance's crew, to confer with a physician for medical oversight.[40] For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ...
A dispatch can be: A report sent to a newspaper by a correspondent. ...
Surface mount electronic components Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures and vacuum tubes. ...
Transmission towers Transmission lines in Lund, Sweden Electric power transmission, or more accurately Electrical energy transmission, is the second process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ...
For other uses, see Doctor. ...
Ambulances often have two manufacturers. The first is frequently a manufacturer of light trucks (or previously, cars) such as Mercedes-Benz or Ford. The second manufacturer purchases the vehicle (which is sometimes purchased incomplete, having no body or interior behind the driver's seat) and turns it into an ambulance by adding bodywork, emergency vehicle equipment, and interior fittings. This is done by one of two methods – either coachbuilding, where the modifications are started from scratch and built on to the vehicle, or using a modular system, where a pre-built 'box' is put on to the empty chassis of the ambulance, and then finished off. For other uses, see Truck (disambiguation). ...
CARS is a four-letter acronym that can stand for: Cable television relay service station Canadian Aviation Regulations Childhood Autism Rating Scale‎ Customer Access and Retrieval System Citizens Against Road Slaughter Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, a cooperative effort of the University of Chicago and...
This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ...
Ford may mean a number of things: A ford is a river crossing. ...
Advertisement for 1974 Wayne Car-O-Van ambulance based upon a cutaway van chassis. ...
In addition to all of the equipment that a non-emergency vehicle is fitted with (eg: headlights, steering wheel, windshield/windscreen), emergency vehicles are fitted with additional emergency vehicle equipment. ...
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to: Coachbuilder badges A coachbuilder is a manufacturer of bodies for carriages or automobiles. ...
Look up Chassis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Modern ambulances are typically powered by internal combustion engines, which can be powered by any conventional fuel, including diesel, gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas,[41][42] depending on the preference of the operator and the availability of different options. Colder regions often use gasoline powered engines, as diesels can be difficult to start when they are cold. Warmer regions may favor diesel engines, as they are thought to be more efficient and more durable. Diesel power is sometimes chosen due to safety concerns, after a series of fires involving gasoline powered ambulances during the 1980s. These fires were ultimately attributed in part to gasoline's higher volatility in comparison to diesel fuel.[43] The type of engine may be determined by the manufacturer: Ford[44][45][46] will only sell vehicles for ambulance conversion if they are diesel powered. A colorized automobile engine The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (typically air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ...
This article is about the fuel. ...
Petrol redirects here. ...
45 kg LPG cylinders Liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG, LP Gas, or autogas) is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles, and increasingly replacing chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant to reduce damage to the ozone layer. ...
The ability of a liquid to evaporate quickly and at relatively low temperatures. ...
Ford may mean a number of things: A ford is a river crossing. ...
Safety Like all vehicles, ambulances may be involved in collisions. Ambulances, like other emergency vehicles, are required to operate in all weather conditions, including those during which civilian drivers often elect to stay off of the road. Also, the ambulance crew's responsibilities to their patient often preclude their use of safety devices such as seat belts. Research has shown that ambulances are more likely to be involved in motor vehicle collisions resulting in injury or death than either fire trucks or police cars. Unrestrained occupants, particularly those riding in the patient-care compartment, are particularly vulnerable.[47] When compared to civilian vehicles of similar size, one study found that on a per-accident basis, ambulance collisions tend to involve more people, and result in more injuries.[48] An eleven-year retrospective study concluded in 2001 found that although most fatal ambulance crashes occurred during emergency runs, they typically occurred on improved, straight, dry roads, during clear weather.[49] Safety is thus of special concern in ambulance design. In an accident resulting from excessive speed, this concrete truck rolled over into the front garden of a house. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
This article is about the safety device. ...
Engine 4 - City of Chico, CA A Fire Engine is one of many specialized fire suppression apparatuses. ...
Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor of the United States Federal Protective Service. ...
In times of armed conflict a civilian is any person who is not a combatant. ...
Equipment In addition to the equipment directly used for the treatment of patients, ambulances may be fitted with a range of additional equipment which is used in order to facilitate patient care. This could include: - Two way radio – One of the most important pieces of equipment in modern emergency medical services as it allows for the issuing of jobs to the ambulance, and can allow the crew to pass information back to control or to the hospital (for example a priority ASHICE message to alert the hospital of the impending arrival of a critical patient.)[39][40] More recently many services world wide have moved from traditional UHF/VHF sets, which can be monitored externally, to more secure systems, such as those working on a GSM system, such as TETRA
- Mobile data terminal – Some ambulances are fitted with Mobile Data Terminals (or MDTs), which are connected wirelessly to a central computer, usually at the control center. These terminals can function instead of or alongside the two way radio and can be used to pass details of jobs to the crew, and can log the time the crew was mobile to a patient, arrived, and left scene, or fulfill any other computer based function.[50]
- Evidence gathering CCTV – Some ambulances are now being fitted with video cameras used to record activity either inside or outside the vehicle. They may also be fitted with sound recording facilities. This can be used as a form of protection from violence against ambulance crews,[51] or in some cases (dependent on local laws) to prove or disprove cases where a member of crew stands accused of malpractice.
- Tail lift or ramp – Ambulances can be fitted with a tail lift or ramp in order to facilitate loading a patient without having to undertake any lifting. This is especially important where the patient might be obese. There may also be equipment linked to this such as winches which are designed to pull heavy patients in to the vehicle.[38]
- Trauma lighting – In addition to normal working lighting, ambulances can be fitted with special lighting (often blue or red) which is used when the patient becomes photosensitive.
- Air conditioning – Ambulances are often fitted with a separate air conditioning system to serve the working area from that which serves the cab. This helps to maintain an appropriate temperature for any patients being treated, but may also feature additional features such as filtering against airborne pathogens.
Ultra high frequency (UHF) designates a range (band) of electromagnetic waves whose frequency is between 300 MHz and 3. ...
Very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. ...
For other uses, see GSM (disambiguation). ...
Genera More than 150[1] Look up tetra in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in police cars, taxicabs, courier vehicles, service trucks, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, fishing fleets, warehouse inventory control, and emergency vehicles to communicate with a central dispatch office. ...
CCTV can stand for: China Central Television Closed-circuit television This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
For other uses, see Malpractice (disambiguation). ...
A hydraulic cantilever tail lift on the back of a truck A tail lift is a mechanical device permanently fitted to the back of van or lorry, which is designed to facilitate the materials handling of goods from ground level or a loading dock to the level of the load...
Obesity is an excess storage of fat and can affect any mammal, such as the mouse on the left. ...
Modern self-tailing winch on a sailing boat. ...
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons of light. ...
Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ...
An air filter is a device which cleans dirty air. ...
Intermediate technology In parts of the world which lack a high level of infrastructure, ambulances are designed to meet local conditions, being built using intermediate technology. Ambulances can also be trailers, which are pulled by bicycles, motorcycles, tractors, or animals. Animal-powered ambulances can particularly useful in regions that are subject to flooding. Three-wheeled motorcycles are also used, though they are subject to some of the same limitations as more traditional over-the-road ambulances. The level of care provided by these ambulances varies between merely providing transport to a medical clinic to providing on-scene and continuing care during transport.[12] Intermediate technology is infrastructural capital that is at least an order of magnitude more expensive than that prevalent in a developing nation but also at least an order of magnitude less expensive than that prevalent in a developed nation offering aid. ...
For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ...
The design of intermediate technology ambulances must take into account not only the operation and maintenance of the ambulance, but its construction as well. The robustness of the design becomes more important, as does the nature of the skills required to properly operate the vehicle. Cost-effectiveness can be a high priority.[13]
Appearance and markings Emergency ambulances are highly likely to be involved in hazardous situations, including incidents such as a road traffic collision, as these emergencies create people who are likely to be in need of treatment. They are required to gain access to patients as quickly as possible, and in many countries, are given dispensation from obeying certain traffic laws (for instance, they may be able to treat a red traffic light or stop sign as a yield ('give way') sign, or be permitted to break the speed limit. In an accident resulting from excessive speed, this concrete truck rolled over into the front garden of a house. ...
This article is about a traffic control device. ...
For these reasons, emergency ambulances are often fitted with visual and/or audible warnings to alert road users.
Visual warnings on an ambulance can be of two types – either passive or active.
Passive visual warnings
 An ambulance in the UK fully marked with passive visual warnings (retro-reflective battenburg pattern) The passive visual warnings are usually part of the design of the vehicle, and involve the use of high contrast patterns. Older ambulances (and those in developing countries) are more likely to have their pattern painted on, whereas modern ambulances generally carry retro-reflective designs which reflect light from car headlights or torches. Popular patterns include 'checker board' (alternate coloured squares, sometimes called 'Battenburg', named after a type of cake), chevrons (arrowheads – often pointed towards the front of the vehicle if on the side, or pointing vertically upwards on the rear) or stripes along the side (these were the first type or retro-reflective device introduced, as the original reflective material, invented by 3M, only came in tape form). In addition to retro-reflective markings, some services now have the vehicles painted in a bright (sometimes fluorescent) yellow or orange for maximum visual impact. In Europe this colour is defined as Euro Yellow RAL 1016 for emergency service vehicles. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3648 × 2736 pixel, file size: 4. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3648 × 2736 pixel, file size: 4. ...
A developing country is a country with low average income compared to the world average. ...
Retroreflectors are clearly visible in a pair of bicycle shoes. ...
This article is about emergency vehicle markings. ...
Lyons Battenberg Cake Scottish Ambulance Service paramedic vehicle with high visibility battenberg colour scheme Battenberg cake (also: Battenburg cake, Liam Wilson) is a light sponge cake which, when cut in cross section, displays a distinctive two-by-two check pattern alternately coloured pink and yellow. ...
3M Company (NYSE: MMM), formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002, is an American corporation with a worldwide presence. ...
Fluorescence induced by exposure to ultraviolet light in vials containing various sized Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots. ...
 London Ambulance displays reversed wording and 'star of life'
 Red Cross and Red Crescent Symbols Another passive marking form is the word ambulance spelled out in reverse on the front of the vehicle. This enables drivers of other vehicles to more easily identify an approaching ambulance in their rear view mirrors. Ambulances may display the name of their owner or operator, and a telephone number which may be used to summon the ambulance. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_IFRC.svg The official emblem of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_IFRC.svg The official emblem of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). ...
Image File history File links Maltese-Cross-Heraldry. ...
Image File history File links Maltese-Cross-Heraldry. ...
The rear-view mirror of a Mazda 626. ...
Ambulances may also carry an emblem (either as part of the passive warning markings or not), such as a Red Cross, Red Crescent or Red Crystal (collective known as the Protective Symbols). These are symbols laid down by the Geneva Convention, and all countries signatory to it agree to restrict their use to either (1) Military Ambulances or (2) the national Red Cross or Red Crescent society. Use by any other person, organization or agency is in breach of international law. The protective symbols are designed to indicate to all people (especially combatants in the case of war) that the vehicle is neutral and is not to be fired upon (more detail below in “military ambulances”), hence giving protection to the medics and their casualties, although this has not always been adhered to. In Israel, Magen David Adom, the Red Cross member organization use a Red Star of David, but this does not have recognition beyond Israeli borders, where they must use the Red Crystal. The symbols of the Movement - The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems at the museum in Geneva. ...
The Geneva Conventions consist of treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. ...
The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the worlds largest group of humanitarian non-governmental organizations, often known simply as the Red Cross, after its original symbol. ...
For other uses, see Ambulance (disambiguation). ...
The Magen David Adom emblem The Magen David Adom (Hebrew: ‎) is Israels national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service. ...
This article is about a Jewish symbol. ...
The Star of Life is widely used, and was originally designed and governed by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, after legal action by the Red Cross over alleged misuse of their symbol (by using a bright orange cross, felt to be too similar to the Red Cross device). It indicates that the vehicle's operators can render their given level of care represented on the six pointed star. Ambulance services that have historical origins in the Order of St John often use the Maltese cross to identify their ambulances. This is especially important in countries such as Australia, where St John Ambulance operate one state and one territory ambulance service, and all of Australia's other ambulance services use variations on a red Maltese cross.[52][53][54][55] The Star of Life The Star of Life is a blue, six-pointed star, outlined with a white border which features the Rod of Asclepius in the center, originally designed and governed by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (under the United States Department of Transportation, DOT). ...
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, often pronounced nit-suh) is an agency of the Executive Branch of the U.S. Government, part of the Department of Transportation. ...
This article is about the order after its revival in the 19th century. ...
This article is about the symbol. ...
St. ...
Fire service operated ambulances may display the Cross of St. Florian (often, incorrectly, called a Maltese cross) as this cross is frequently used as a fire department logo (St Florian being the patron saint of firefighters).[56] Firefighter with an axe A firefighter, sometimes still called a fireman though women have increasingly joined firefighting units, is a person who is trained and equipped to put out fires, rescue people and in some areas provide emergency medical services. ...
Saint Florian, 1473 painting by Francesco del Cossa. ...
Active visual warnings -
Main article: Emergency vehicle lighting The active visual warnings are usually in the form of flashing coloured lights (sometimes known as 'beacons' or 'lightbars'). These flash in order to attract the attention of other road users as the ambulance approaches, or to provide warning to motorists approaching a stopped ambulance in a dangerous position on the road. Common colours for ambulance warning beacons are blue and red, and this varies by country (and sometimes by operator). German emergency vehicles with all blue lights flashing. ...
A Japanese police unit with a red light bar. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
There are several different technologies in use to achieve the flashing effect. The original method of producing flashing was to place a spinning mirror which moves around a light bulb, called a 'rotating beacon'. More modern methods include the use of strobe lights, which are usually brighter, and can be programmed to produce specific patterns (such as a left -> right pattern when parked on the left hand side of the road, indicating to other road users that they should move out away from the vehicle). There is currently the more widespread use of LED flashing lights as they are low profile and low energy. More information on Emergency vehicle equipment. U-shaped Xenon Flash Lamp A xenon flash lamp is a gas discharge lamp designed to produce extremely intense, incoherent, full-spectrum white light for very short durations. ...
External links LEd Category: TeX ...
In addition to all of the equipment that a non-emergency vehicle is fitted with (eg: headlights, steering wheel, windshield/windscreen), emergency vehicles are fitted with additional emergency vehicle equipment. ...
In order to increase safety, it is best practice to have 360° coverage with the active warnings, improving the chance of the vehicle being seen from all sides. In some countries, such as the United States, this may be obligatory.
Audible warnings -
Main article: Audible warning devices In addition to visual warnings, ambulances can be fitted with audible warnings, sometimes known as sirens, which can alert people and vehicles to the presence of an ambulance before they can be seen. The first audible warnings were mechanical bells, mounted to either the front or roof of the ambulance. Most modern ambulances are now fitted with electronic sirens, which can produce a range of different noises. In addition to all of the equipment that a non-emergency vehicle is fitted with (eg: headlights, steering wheel, windshield/windscreen), emergency vehicles are fitted with additional emergency vehicle equipment. ...
Poá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. ...
This article is about the city. ...
It has been suggested that Fire siren be merged into this article or section. ...
Ambulance services may specifically train their drivers to use different siren tones in different driving situations. For instance, on a clear road the 'wail' setting may be used, which gives a long and steady up and down variation. At busy intersections, the a 'yelp' setting may be employed, which delivers a more rapid bursting signal. 'Dual tone' and 'phaser' modes are also available on many modern sirens. Changing the speed and pitch of the warning intensifies the alert delivered to drivers in the ambulance's path.
The speakers for modern sirens can be integral to the lightbar, or they may be hidden in or flush to the grill to reduce noise inside the ambulance that may interfere with patient care and radio communications. Ambulances can additionally be fitted with airhorn audible warnings to augment the effectiveness of the siren system. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
A recent development is the use of the RDS system of car radios. The ambulance is fitted with a short range FM transmitter, set to RDS code 31, which interrupts the radio of all cars within range, in the manner of a traffic broadcast, but in such a way that the user of the receiving radio is unable to opt out of the message (as with traffic broadcasts). This feature is built in to every RDS radio for use in national emergency broadcast systems, but short range units on emergency vehicles can prove an effective means of alerting traffic to their presence. It is, however, unlikely that this system could replace audible warnings, as it is unable to alert pedestrians, or those not using a compatible radio. Radio Data System, or RDS, is a standard from the European Broadcasting Union for sending small amounts of digital information using conventional FM radio broadcasts. ...
Radio transmition diagram and electromagnetic waves For other uses see: radio (disambiguation) Radio is a technology that allows the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of light. ...
Service providers  A volunteer ambulance crew in Modena, Italy Some countries closely regulate the industry (and may require anyone working on an ambulance to be qualified to a set level), whereas others allow quite wide differences between types of operator. Modena (Mòdna in Modenese dialect) is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. ...
- Government Ambulance Service – Operating separately from (although alongside) the fire and police service of the area, these ambulances are funded by local or national government. In some countries, these only tend to be found in big cities, whereas in countries such as Great Britain almost all emergency ambulances are part of the NHS.[57]
- Fire or Police Linked Service – In countries such as the U.S. and France ambulances can be operated by the local fire or police service. This is particularly common in rural areas, where maintaining a separate service is not necessarily cost effective. In some cases this can lead to an illness or injury being attended by a vehicle other than an ambulance, such as a fire truck.
- Voluntary Ambulance Service – Charities or non-profit companies operate ambulances, both in an emergency and patient transport function. This may be along similar lines to volunteer Fire companies, providing the main service for an area, and either community or privately owned. They may be linked to a voluntary fire service, with volunteers providing both services. There are charities who focus on providing ambulances for the community, or for cover at private events (sports etc.). The Red Cross provides this service across the world on a volunteer basis.[58] (and in others as a Private Ambulance Service), as do other smaller organisations such as St John Ambulance[30] and the Order of Malta Ambulance Corps.[59] These volunteer ambulances may be seen providing support to the full time ambulance crews during times of emergency. In some cases the volunteer charity may employ paid members of staff alongside volunteers to operate a full time ambulance service, such in some parts of Australia and in Ireland.
- Private Ambulance Service – Normal commercial companies with paid employees, but often on contract to the local or national government. Private companies may provide only the patient transport elements of ambulance care (i.e. non urgent), but in some places, they are contracted to provide emergency care, or to form a 'second tier' response, where they only respond to emergencies when all of the full-time emergency ambulance crews are busy. This may mean that a government or other service provide the 'emergency' cover, whilst a private firm may be charged with 'minor injuries' such as cuts, bruises or even helping the mobility impaired if they have for example fallen and just need help to get up again, but do not need treatment. This system has the benefit of keeping emergency crews available all the time for genuine emergencies.
- Combined Emergency Service – these are full service emergency service agencies, which may be found in places such as airports or large colleges and universities. Their key feature is that all personnel are trained not only in ambulance (EMT) care, but as a firefighter and a peace officer (police function). They may be found in smaller towns and cities, where size or budget does not warrant separate services. This multi-functionality allows to make the most of limited resource or budget, but having a single team respond to any emergency.
- Hospital Based Service – Hospitals may provide their own ambulance service as a service to the community, or where ambulance care is unreliable or chargeable. Their use would be dependent on using the services of the providing hospital.
- Charity Ambulance – This special type of ambulance is provided by a charity for the purpose of taking sick children or adults on trips or vacations away from hospitals, hospices or care homes where they are in long term care. Examples include the UK's 'Jumbulance' project.[10]
The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly-funded healthcare system of the United Kingdom. ...
For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...
Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China Rural areas (also referred to as the country, countryside) are settled places outside towns and cities. ...
For the Scottish post-punk band, see The Fire Engines. ...
The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
St. ...
Logo of OMAC The Order of Malta Ambulance Corps (OMAC) is a charitable voluntary organisation in Ireland. ...
Costs The cost of an ambulance may be paid for from several sources, and this will depend on the type of service being provided, by whom, and possibly who to. - Government funded service – The full cost of the ambulance is borne by the local or national government, with no cost a point of care. One example of this is in the United Kingdom, where ambulances are provided as of right, to anyone who requests one, with costs bourne centrally from taxation as part of the National Health Service
- Privately funded service – The ambulance is paid for by the patient themselves, or through their insurance company. This may be at the point of care (i.e. payment or guarantee must be made before treatment or transport), although this may be an issue with critically injured patients, unable to provide such details, or via a system of billing later on
- Combined system – Ambulances may be free of charge to those who cannot pay (such as those who receive government welfare payments), but chargeable to those who can afford it, or who are insured. It can be the case that a free government provided system may be charged for if the patient is not found to be in genuine need, or they already have insurance which covers them.
- Charity funded service – Ambulances may be provided free of charge to patients by a charity, although donations may be sought for services received.
- Hospital funded service – Hospitals may provide the ambulances free of charge, on the condition that patient's use the hospital's services (which they may have to pay for). In China, where this is the case, there have been reported incidents where a hospital which was not permitted to run an ambulance service illegally did so, in an effort to increase its business.[60]
NHS redirects here. ...
This article is about financial assistance paid by government organizations. ...
Crewing There are differing levels of qualification that the ambulance crew may hold, from holding no formal qualification to having a fully qualified doctor on board. Most ambulance services require at least two crew members to be on every ambulance (one to drive, and one to attend the patient), although response cars may have a sole crew member, possibly backed up by another double-crewed ambulance. It may be the case that only the attendant need be qualified, and the driver might have no medical training.
Common ambulance crew qualifications are:
- First Responder – A person who arrives first at the scene of an incident,[61] and whose job is to provide early critical care such as CPR or using an AED. First responders may be dispatched by the ambulance service, may be passers-by, or may be dispatched to the scene from other agencies, such as the police or fire departments.
- Ambulance Driver – Some services employ staff with no medical qualification (or just a first aid certificate) whose job is to simply drive the patients from place to place.
- Ambulance Care Assistant – Have varying levels of training across the world, but these staff are usually only required to perform patient transport duties (which can include stretcher or wheelchair cases), rather than acute care.[62] Dependent on provider, they may be trained in first aid or extended stills such as use of an AED, oxygen therapy and other life saving or palliative skills. They may provide emergency cover when other units are not available, or when accompanied by a fully qualified technician or paramedic.
- Emergency medical technician – Also known as Ambulance Technician. Technicians are usually able to perform a wide range of emergency care skills, such as defibrillation, spinal care, and oxygen therapy. Some countries split this term in to levels (such as in the US, where there is EMT-B and EMT-I).[63]
- Paramedic – This is a high level of medical training and usually involves key skills not permissible for technicians, such as cannulation (and with it the ability to administer a range of drugs such as morphine), intubation and other skills such as performing a cricothyrotomy.[64] Dependent on jurisdiction, Paramedic can be a protected title, and use of it without the relevant qualification may result in criminal prosecution.[65]
- Emergency Care Practitioner – This position, sometimes called 'Super Paramedic' in the media, is designed to bridge the link between ambulance care and the care of a general practitioner. ECPs are already qualified paramedics who have undergone further training,[66] and are trained to prescribe medicines (from a limited list) for longer term care, such as antibiotics, as well as being trained in a range of additional diagnostic techniques.
- Registered nurse (RN) – Nurses can be involved in ambulance work, and as with doctors, this is mostly as air-medical rescuers or critical care transport providers, often in conjunction with a technician or paramedic. They may bring extra skills to the care of the patient, especially those who may be critically ill or injured in locations that do not enjoy close proximity to a high level of definitive care such as trauma, cardiac, or stroke centers.
- Doctor – Doctors are present on ambulances – most notably air ambulances[67][68] – will employ physicians to attend on the ambulances, bringing a full range of additional skills such as use of prescription medicines.
First responder is a term used by national authorities for local law enforcement, local Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), local firemen and fire rescue. ...
For other meanings of CPR, see CPR (disambiguation). ...
An automated external defibrillator, open and ready for pads to be attached An Automated External Defibrillator or AED is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient,[1] and is able to treat them by application...
Fire station in Kostroma, Russia (1823-26). ...
Ambulance Care Assistants (ACA), transport non-emergency patients to and from hospital for pre-arranged appointments. ...
An automated external defibrillator, open and ready for pads to be attached An Automated External Defibrillator or AED is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient,[1] and is able to treat them by application...
Palliative care is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of the symptoms of a disease or slows its progress rather than providing a cure. ...
The Star of Life, a global symbol for medical service EMTs loading an injured skier into an ambulance An Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is an emergency responder trained to provide emergency medical services to the critically ill and injured. ...
Typical view of defibrillation in progress, with the operator at the head, but clear of contact with the patient Defibrillation is the definitive treatment for the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. ...
Oxygen first aid kit showing a demand valve and a constant flow mask Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen as a therapeutic modality. ...
The Star of Life, a globally recognized symbol for Emergency medical services. ...
Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of liquid substances directly into a vein. ...
This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...
In cricothyrotomy, the incision or puncture is made through the cricothyroid membrane inbetween the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage. ...
An Emergency Care Practitioner or ECP is a paramedic who has taken additional qualifications, usually at university, and has extra skills over and above those of a standard paramedic or other ambulance crew such as technicians. ...
A general practitioner (GP), family physician or family practitioner (FP) is a medical doctor who provides primary care. ...
A registered nurse (RN), is a health care professional responsible for implementing the practice of nursing through the use of the nursing process (in concert with other health care professionals). ...
Military use  USNS Mercy, a U.S. Navy hospital ship Military ambulances include both ambulances based on civilian designs and armored but unarmed ambulances based upon APCs such as the FV104 Samaritan. Civilian based designs may be painted in olive, white or other colours, depending on the operational requirements – the British Royal Army Medical Corps has a fleet of white ambulances, based on production trucks. Military helicopters often function as air ambulances, since they are extremely useful for MEDEVAC.[69] USMC Photo File links The following pages link to this file: Ambulance ...
USMC Photo File links The following pages link to this file: Ambulance ...
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for providing force projection from the sea,[1] using the mobility of the U.S. Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces and is one of seven uniformed services. ...
This article refers to the Military HMMWV, not the civilian Hummer sold by General Motors General Characteristics (Humvee) Manufacturer: AM General Length: 4. ...
The symbols of the Movement - The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems at the museum in Geneva. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2076x1917, 1704 KB) interior of VAB Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Ambulance ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2076x1917, 1704 KB) interior of VAB Copyright © 2005 David Monniaux File links The following pages link to this file: Ambulance ...
The Véhicule de lAvant Blindé or VAB (Armoured Vanguard Vehicle in French) is an armoured personnel carrier manufactured by the Euro Mobilité Division of GIAT Industries of France. ...
The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Army of the land), is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and the largest. ...
USNS Mercy being refueled at sea, April 2005 during the ships mission to aid the tsunami vicitims. ...
The FV104 Samaritan is the British Army armoured ambulance variant of the CVR(T) family. ...
The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all British Army personnel and their families in war and in peace. ...
A [PC-12] of the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. ...
Due to the inherently hazardous situation of a battle ground, Military ambulances are often armored, or based upon armored fighting vehicles (AFV). Since laws of war demand ambulances marked with one of the Emblems of the Red Cross not to mount weapons, an ambulance AFV is unarmed.[70] It is a generally accepted practice in most countries to classify the personnel attached to military vehicles marked as ambulances as non-combatants; however, this application does not always exempt medical personnel from enemy fire —accidental or deliberate. As a result, medics and other medical personnel attached to military ambulances are usually put through basic military training,[71] on the assumption that they may have to use a weapon. The laws of war allow non-combatant military personnel to carry individual weapons for protecting themselves and casualties, but not all militaries exercise this right. An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, equipped with protection against hostile attacks and often mounted weapons. ...
The two parts of the laws of war (or Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)): Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war, like the Geneva Conventions, is called jus in bello; while law concerning allowable justifications for armed force is called jus ad bellum. ...
The symbols of the Movement - The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems at the museum in Geneva. ...
For other uses, see Weapon (disambiguation). ...
Non-combatant is a military and legal term describing civilians not engaged in combat. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
Recently, Israel has modified a number of its Merkava main battle tanks with ambulance features in order to allow rescue operations to take place under heavy fire in urban warfare.[72] The modifications were made following a failed rescue attempt in which Palestinian gunmen killed two soldiers who aided a Palestinian woman in Rafah.[73] Since M-113 armored personnel carriers and regular up-armored ambulances are not sufficiently protected against anti-tank weapons and improvised explosive devices,[74] it was decided to use the heavily armored Merkava tank. Its rear door enables the evacuation of critically wounded soldiers. Israel did not remove the Merkava's weaponry, claiming that weapons were more effective protection than emblems since Palestinian militants would disregard any symbols of protection and fire at ambulances anyway. // The Merkava (Hebrew: , Chariot) is the main battle tank of the Israel Defense Forces. ...
Urban warfare is a modern warfare conducted in urban areas such as towns and cities. ...
The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ...
Rafah (Arabic: رÙØ Hebrew: רפיח) is a town in the Gaza Strip, on the Egyptian border, and a nearby town on the Egyptian side of the border, on the Sinai Peninsula. ...
The M113 during the Vietnam War The M113 is an armored personnel carrier family. ...
East German BRDMs on parade during celebrations of the 40th anniversary of East Germany in 1989 Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are light armoured fighting vehicles for the transport of infantry. ...
Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ...
Munitions rigged for an IED discovered by Iraqi police in Baghdad, November 2005. ...
Armor or armour (see spelling differences) is protective clothing intended to defend its wearer from intentional harm in combat and military engagements, typically associated with soldiers. ...
Some navies operate ocean-going hospital ships to lend medical assistance in high casualty situations like wars or natural disasters.[24] These hospital ships fulfil the criteria of an ambulance (transporting the sick or injured), although the capabilities of a hospital ship are more on par with a Mobile Army Surgical Hospital. In line with the laws of war, these ships can display a prominent Red Cross or Red Crescent to infer protection under the appropriate Geneva convention, however, this designation has not always protected hospital ships from enemy fire.[75] USNS Comfort takes on supplies at Mayport, FL enroute to Gulf Coast. ...
The Mobile Army Surgical hospital (MASH) refers to a United States Army medical unit serving as a fully functional hospital in a combat area of operations. ...
The two parts of the laws of war (or Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)): Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war, like the Geneva Conventions, is called jus in bello; while law concerning allowable justifications for armed force is called jus ad bellum. ...
The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The Geneva Conventions consist of treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. ...
Around the world Emergency Medical Services (herein, EMS) in the United States is regulated at its most basic level by the federal government, who sets the minimum standards that all states must meet; but much more strictly by individual state governments, who often require higher standards of the services they oversee. ...
In Canada, each Province and the Canadian Military has its own Ambulance Specifications. ...
Ambulance in Lausanne (Switzerland) In France, the most general term is vehicle adapted to patient transport, the term ambulance only applies for some categories of patient transport vehicles. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article is about the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Germany. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
The Magen David Adom emblem The Magen David Adom (Hebrew: ‎) is Israels national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service. ...
See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ambulances Ontario Health air ambulance An air ambulance is an aircraft used for emergency medical assistance in situations where either a traditional ambulance cannot easily or quickly reach the scene or the patient needs to be repositioned at a distance where air transportation is most practical. ...
A combination car was a vehicle built upon a (usually Cadillac) professional car chassis which could be employed either as a hearse or as an ambulance, and had the capability of being swapped between those roles without much difficulty. ...
In emergency medical services, a fly-car is a sedan, station wagon, small SUV or other regular automobile enabling an EMS team to bring their equipment to the scene of an emergency. ...
References and notes - ^ Skinner, Henry Alan. 1949, "The Origin of Medical Terms". Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins
- ^ a b Essex Ambulance Response Cars. Car Pages (24 July 2004). Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ How Products Are Made: Ambulance. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary ambulance definition 1
- ^ http://www.civilwarhome.com/ambulancewagons.htm
- ^ The memoirs of Charles E. Ryan With An Ambulance Personal Experiences And Adventures With Both Armies 1870-1871 [1] and of Emma Maria Pearson and Louisa McLaughlin Our Adventures During the War of 1870 [2]
- ^ Emma Maria Pearson and Louisa McLaughlin Service in Servia Under the Red Cross [3]
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary ambulance definition 2a
- ^ Origins of the Star of Life at Gorham EMS. Gorham EMS. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ a b Questions and Answers. Jumbulance Travel Trust. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Hampshire ambulance service shows 4 Rapid Response motorcycles amongst it's fleet. Hampshire Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ a b News Reference to Motorcycle Trailer Ambulance. TNN. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ a b Motorcycle Trailer-Ambulance Brochure. IT Transport LTD. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ London Ambulance Service Press release on the use of cycles. London Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ London Ambulance Service Press Release on expansion of cycle service. London Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Bike Ambulance Project. Design for Development (2005-2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-14.
- ^ Information on Quadtech EMS quad. Quadtech. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ EMS golf cart brochure. Diversified Golf Cars. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ London Air Ambulance statement on speed and efficiency. London Air Ambulance. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ a b Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Heathrow Air Ambulance Service. Heathrow air ambulance. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Air Ambulance Service. Air Ambulance Services. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Isles of Scilly Ambulance Boat. Tresco. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
- ^ a b US Navy Military Sealift Command – Hospital Ships. US Navy Military Sealift Command. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
- ^ Mercy Ships – Hospital Ships. Mercy Ships. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Barkley, Katherine T. 1990. "The Ambulance". Exposition Press. ISBN 0-682-48983-2
- ^ a b c d e f g Kuehl, Alexander E. (Ed.). Prehospital Systems and Medical Oversight, 3rd edition. National Association of EMS Physicians. 2002. @ ch. 1.
- ^ Higginbotham, Peter (October 2005). The MAB Land Ambulance Service. Workhouses Information. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ a b St John Ambulance in the Industrial Revolution. St John Ambulance UK. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.
- ^ a b St John Ambulance First Aid Cover for Events. St John Ambulance UK. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ a b c History of Queensland Ambulance Service. Queensland Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.
- ^ The Straker-Squire 1905 Ambulance. Steam Traction. Retrieved on 2007-06-05.
- ^ McCall, Walter MP. 2002. "The American Ambulance", Iconografix
- ^ Miller-Meteor History. Miller Meteor. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ King, Dean. Patrick O'Brian: a Life. Owl Books. 2001 @ p. 81
- ^ Medical Evacuation in the Korean War. olive-drab.com.
- ^ a b "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" (1966). National Academy of Sciences: 5,6,13,15.
- ^ a b Ambulance Lifts. Ross and Bonnyman. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ a b Handheld radios for Emergency Ambulance Service. Emergency Ambulance.com (January 16th 2003). Retrieved on 2007-06-28.
- ^ a b "New technology closes gap between accident victims and ER", CNN News, April 7th 1999. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ The Royal Air Force Motor Sports Association utilizes an LPG-powered ambulance. RAFMSA (24 November 2005). Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ The United States Air Force lists an LPG-powered ambulance on a 2001 vehicle roster (13 November 2001). Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. NHTSA. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ 2006 Ford E-Series Cutaway Chassis: Specifications. Ford. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ 2006 Ford F-Series Super Duty Chassis Cab Ambulance: Specifications. Ford. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ 2006 Ford E-Series Van Ambulance: Specifications. Ford. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Becker LR, Zaloshnja E, Levick N, Li G, Miller TR (November 2003). "Relative risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles". Accid Anal Prev 35 (6): 941–8. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00102-1. PMID 12971929.
- ^ Ray AF, Kupas DF (October – December 2005). "Comparison of crashes involving ambulances with those of similar-sized vehicles". Prehosp Emerg Care 9 (4): 412–5. doi:10.1080/10903120500253813. PMID 16263674.
- ^ Kahn CA, Pirrallo RG, Kuhn EM (July 2001). "Characteristics of fatal ambulance crashes in the United States: an 11-year retrospective analysis". Prehosp Emerg Care 5 (3): 261–9. doi:10.1080/10903120190939751. PMID 11446540.
- ^ MDT Market Sectors. Microbus. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ "CCTV to protect ambulance staff", BBC News, 2004-07-26. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ About Queensland Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ ACT Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ Ambulance Service of New South Wales. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ South Australian Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ St. Florian – Patron Saint of Fiefighters. stflorian.net. Retrieved on 2007-06-03.
- ^ UK NHS Ambulance Service Information. NHS Direct. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ British Red Cross Voluntary Ambulance Service. British Red Cross. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Order of Malta Ambulance Corps. Order of Malta Ambulance Corps. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Zhixin, Dong. (22 June 2006). Fake ambulance carries patient to death. China Daily. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Role of the First Responder. Resuscitation Council UK. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Ambulance Care Assistant Role. Surrey Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ US Government Careers advice on EMT. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ UK Careers Service Information on Paramedics. UK Careers Information Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ UK Health Care Professionals Council advice on use of protected titles. Health care Professionals council. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Definition of an Emergency Care Practitioner. South West Ambulance Service. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ London Air Ambulance Crew List. London Air Ambulance. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Surrey Air Ambulance Crew List. Surrey Air Ambulance. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ History of Military MEDEVAC helicopters. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ International Committee of the Red Cross policy on usage. International committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ UK Army information on basic training for medical personnel. British Army. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Defense Update page on use of Merkava tank as ambulance. Defense Update. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ BBC New article on the killing of soldiers rendering ambulance aid. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Technical data on armament of M113 APC Ambulance. Inetres. Retrieved on 2007-06-02.
- ^ Report on the sinking of the HMHS Llandovery Castle. World War One Document Archive. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about the year. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Health Sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. ...
For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ...
Emergency Medicine is a speciality of medicine that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of acute illnesses and injuries that require immediate medical attention. ...
Advanced cardiac life support or (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ...
Advanced Life Support (ALS) is a treatment consensus for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in cardiac arrest and related medical problems, as agreed in Europe by the European Resuscitation Council, most recently in 2005. ...
Advanced Trauma Life Support is a training program in acute management of trauma cases, developed in 1976 by the American College of Surgeons. ...
Basic life support (BLS) is a specific level of prehospital medical care provided by trained responders, including emergency medical technicians, in the absence of advanced medical care. ...
CPR redirects here. ...
First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ...
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) is a system of Advanced Life Support applied to infants and children. ...
A disposable BVM Resuscitator A bag valve mask (also known as a BVM or Ambu bag) is a hand-held device used to provide ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or who is breathing inadequately. ...
A chest tube or chest drain is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the side of the chest into the pleural space. ...
Typical view of defibrillation in progress, with the operator at the head, but clear of contact with the patient Defibrillation is the definitive treatment for the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. ...
An automated external defibrillator, open and ready for pads to be attached An Automated External Defibrillator or AED is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient,[1] and is able to treat them by application...
ICD An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), also known as an automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD), is a small battery powered electrical impulse generator which is implanted in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation. ...
“QRS†redirects here. ...
Intraosseous infusion is the process of injection directly into the marrow of the bone. ...
Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the giving of liquid substances directly into a vein. ...
This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...
In medicine, a nasopharyngeal airway, also known as a nasal trumpet because of its flared end, is a tube that is designed to be inserted into the nasal passageway to secure an open airway. ...
An oropharyngeal airway inserted into a mans throat An oropharyngeal airway or (OPA) is a medical device used to maintain a patent (open) airway. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Star of Life, a global symbol for medical service EMTs loading an injured skier into an ambulance An Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is an emergency responder trained to provide emergency medical services to the critically ill and injured. ...
The Star of Life, a globally recognized symbol for Emergency medical services. ...
An emergency physician is a physician who works at an emergency department to care for acutely ill patients. ...
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. ...
Amiodarone belongs to a class of drugs called Vaughan-Williams Class III antiarrhythmic agent. ...
Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. ...
General Name, symbol, number magnesium, Mg, 12 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, period, block 2, 3, s Appearance silvery white solid at room temp Standard atomic weight 24. ...
For baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, a bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. ...
In emergency medicine the golden hour is the first sixty minutes after the occurrence of multi-system trauma. ...
The emergency department (ED), sometimes termed the emergency room (ER), emergency ward (EW), accident & emergency (A&E) department or casualty department is a hospital or primary care department that provides initial treatment to patients with a broad spectrum of illnesses and injuries, some of which may be life-threatening and...
An Emergency medical service (abbreviated to initialism EMS in many countries) is a service providing out-of-hospital acute care and transport to definitive care, to patients with illnesses and injuries which the patient believes constitutes a medical emergency. ...
Emergency psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry and emergency medicine designed to respond to emergencies requiring psychiatric intervention. ...
{{Otheruses4|the medical term|the Australian television series|Medical Emergenc an immediate threat to a persons life or long term health. ...
A trauma center is a hospital equipped to perform as a casualty receiving station for the emergency medical services by providing the best possible medical care for traumatic injuries 24 hours a day, 365 days per year. ...
Typical triage tag used for emergency mass casualty decontamination. ...
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