The mango (Mangifera spp.; plural mangos or mangoes) is a genus of about 35 species of tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae, native to India and Indo-China, of which the Indian Mango M. indica is by far the most important commercially. Reference to mangos as the "food of the gods" can be found in the Hindu Vedas. The name of the fruit comes from the Tamil word man-kay, which was corrupted to manga by the Portuguese when they explored western India. The mango also features as a common motif, known as the paisley, in Indian textiles. The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth A tree can be defined as a large, perennial, woody plant. ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. ... Genera Actinocheita Anacardium (cashew) Androtium Antrocaryon Apterokarpos Astronium Baronia Bonetiella Bouea Buchanania Campnosperma Cardenasiodendron Choerospondias Comocladia Cotinus (smoke tree) Cyrtocarpa Dracontomelon Drimycarpus Ebandoua Euleria Euroschinus Faguetia Fegimanra Gluta Haematostaphis Haplorhus Harpephyllum Heeria Holigarna Koordersiodendron Lannea Laurophyllus Lithrea Loxopterigium Loxostylis Mangifera (mango) Mauria Melanochyla Metopium Micronychia Montagueia Mosquitoxylum Nothopegia Ochoterenaea Operculicarya... Indochina, or French Indochina, was a federation of French colonies and protectorates in south-east Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... The letter ழ் is a consonant believed to be unique to Tamil and Malayalam Tamil is a classical language and one of the major languages belonging to the Dravidian language family. ... In literature, a motif is any recurring element that has symbolic significance. ... Paisley is a droplet-shaped vegetal motif, similar to half of the Tai Chi symbol, the Indian bodhi tree leaf, or the mango tree. ...

The mango is now widely cultivated as a fruit tree in frost-free tropical and subtropical climates in North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, South and Central Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, the Philippines and Australia. It is easily cultivated and now there are more than 1,000 cultivars, ranging from the turpentine mango (from the strong taste) to the huevos de toro, generally translated as "bull's testicles", from the shape and size. The mango is reputed to be the most commonly eaten fresh fruit worldwide. Mangos also readily naturalize in tropical climates. Some lowland forests in the Hawaiian Islands are dominated by introduced mangos. Blades of grass coated in frost. ... World map showing location of North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is the third largest continent in area and in population after Eurasia and Africa. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Central America is the region of North America located between the southern border of Mexico and the northwest border of Colombia, in South America. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... The Indian subcontinent is the peninsular region of South Asia, which includes India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, usually also Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and some disputed territory currently controlled by China, and sometimes Myanmar. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ... A cultivar is a cultivated variety of a plant species. ... Turpentine is a fluid obtained by distillation from resin obtained from trees, mainly various species of pine (Pinus). ... A bull is a male of various animal species, including: cattle elephant whale In English, bull is usually spoken to refer specifically to male cattle, with terms such as bull elephant disambiguating the term for other species. ... Human male anatomy The testicles, known medically as testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ... Map of the Hawaiian Islands, a chain of islands that stretches 2,400 km in a northwesterly direction from the southern tip of the Island of Hawai‘i. ...

Description

Mangos become very large trees. In height a mango tree may reach 35-40 meters (130 feet) with a span of 10 meters (33 feet) at the top. New leaves are almost a salmon color that rapidly changes to a dark glossy red, then dark green as they mature. When the small white flowers emerge they give off a mild sweet odour suggestive of lily of the valley. After the flowers fall off, the fruits may take from three to six months to ripen. The Chinook or King Salmon is the largest salmon in North America and can grow up to 58 long and 126 pounds. ... Wildflowers A flower is the reproductive organ of those plants classified as angiosperms (flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ... Binomial name Convallaria majalis Lily of the valley is a flowering plant of the Convallaria genus. ...

The mango fruit, when fully mature, hangs from the tree on long stems. They are variable in size, from 10-25 cm long and 7-12 cm diameter, and may weigh up to 2.5 kg. The fruits come in a variety of colors: green, yellow, red, or various combinations of these colors. When ripe, the unpeeled fruit gives off a distinctive, slightly sweet smell. In the center of the fruit (a drupe) is a single flat, oblong stone that can be fibrous or hairless on the surface, depending on variety. Inside the shell, which is 1-2 mm thick, is a paper-thin lining covering a single seed, 4-7 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, 1 cm thick. The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit) In botany, a drupe is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp or skin and mesocarp or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit or stone) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside. ... For the meaning of fiber in nutrition, see dietary fiber. ... A SeeD is a term given to mercenaries trained and employed by Balamb Garden in the Final Fantasy VIII video game. ...

The fruit flesh of a ripe mango contains about 15% sugar, up to 1% protein, and significant amounts of vitamins A, B and C. The taste of the fruit is very sweet, with some varieties having a slight acidic tang. The texture of the flesh varies markedly between different cultivars, some have quite a soft and pulpy texture similar to an over-ripe plum, others have a firmer flesh much like that of a cantaloupe or avacado, and in some cultivars the flesh can contain fibrous material. Mangoes are a very juicy fruit; the sweet taste and high water content make them refreshing to eat, however the juice can make eating them quite a messy affair. A sugar is a form of carbohydrate; the most commonly used sugar is a white crystalline solid, sucrose; used to alter the flavor and properties (mouthfeel, preservation, texture) of beverages and food. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Vitamins are organic chemicals that a given living organism requires in trace quantities for good health, but which the organism cannot synthesize, and therefore must obtain from its diet. ... Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ... Vitamin B is a complex of several vitamins. ... Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient essential for life and is used by the human body for many purposes. ... Genera Several, including: Prunus domestica Prunus insititia Prunus maritima Prunus salicina A plum is a stone-fruit tree in the genus Prunus. ... Trinomial name Cucumis melo reticulatus ITIS 22362 2002-09-03 A Cantaloupe , also cantaloup or rockmelon (Cucumis melo reticulatus), is the North American name for a variety of muskmelon; cantaloupe comes from the animal antilopia or better known as antelope. ... Binomial name Persea americana Mill. ...

The mango is in the same family as poison ivy and contains urushiol, though much less than poison ivy. Some people get dermatitis from touching mango peel or sap. Persons showing an allergic reaction after handling a mango can usually enjoy the fruit if someone else first removes the skin. The leaves are also toxic to cattle. Binomial name Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Poison-ivy (Toxicodendron radicans or Rhus toxicodendron), in the family Anacardiaceae, is a woody vine that is well-known for its ability to produce urushiol, a skin irritant which for most people will cause an agonizing, itching rash. ... Urushiol is any of several related chemicals found in plants of the Family Anacardiaceae, especially Toxicodendron sp. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ...

It is reputed that mangos soothe the intestines, which makes them easy to digest. In India, where mangoes are the National Fruit, they are used to stop bleeding, to strengthen the heart, and to benefit the brain.

Methods of eating a mango fruit

Mango

Some people claim that the safest way to eat a mango is in the bathtub, or sitting naked on a deserted beach, or even on top of a mango tree itself. Generally, once ripe, they are quite juicy and can be very messy to eat. However, those exported to temperate regions are, like much tropical fruit, picked under-ripe. Although they are ethylene producers and ripen in transit, they rarely have the same juiceness or flavour as the fresh fruit. A ripe mango will have an orange/yellow or reddish skin. To allow a mango to continue to ripen after purchase, store in a cool, dark place, but not your refigerator. Refrigeration will slow the ripening process. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... In geography, temperate latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. ... Ethylene or ethene is the simplest alkene hydrocarbon, consisting of two carbon atoms and four hydrogens. ...

The small varieties, usually somewhat yellow in color, can be rolled on a flat surface in the same way a lemon is rolled before extracting the juice. It is ready for eating when the big stone can be rotated without breaking the skin. With the teeth rip off a piece of skin at the top of the mango and place your mouth over the hole. Squeeze the fruit from the bottom up, as if squeezing toothpaste from the bottom of the tube. Binomial name Citrus x limon Lemons are the citrus fruit from the tree Citrus x limon, a hybrid of cultivated origin. ... Model of the layers of human skin In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system; which is composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs. ...

With any of the larger varieties of mango, the operation is less hazardous: place the fruit lengthwise on a table and feel for the rather flat stone (containing the seed), which should lie horizontally inside the skin about midway through the fruit. Slice the mango so that the knife just passes over the flat surface of the stone. Turn the mango over and repeat the process, cutting across the other flat surface.

With each big slice that has been removed, cut hatch marks through the flesh just down to the skin. Then, holding the piece flesh side up, press the thumb on the skin side underneath as if turning the piece inside out. Many bite-sized pieces of flesh will pop up and can be cut out to put into a fruit salad or other preparation. This technique is sometimes called the hedgehog method because of the appearance of the prepared fruit. An alternative to the hedgehog method is to use a spoon to scoop out pieces of the fruit from the exposed "cheeks". For the anti-submarine weapon see Hedgehog (weapon); for the mathematical concepts see hedgehog (curve) and hedgehog (metric). ...

A simple way to eat a large mango 'as is' involves using a knife. Start by removing part of the skin and then slice out bite-sized pieces with the knife. Remove more skin to expose more flesh. Expect to get juicy hands when eating the last part, when there is no skin to hold with your hand.

Another way to eat a Mango is to simply use a sharp knife to peel the skin completely. Then make horizontal and vertical cuts on each side till the flat stone is reached. Slice off the flesh from each side of the stone and then slice the remaining flesh left on the side of the stone. This method works best on mangoes that are ripe and which have firm flesh.

Mango in other forms and dishes

Mangoes

Ripe mangoes are extremely popular throughout Latin America. In Mexico, sliced mango is eaten with chili powder and/or salt. In Guatemala, Ecuador and Honduras, small, green mangoes are popular; they have a sharp, brisk flavor like a Granny Smith apple. Vendors sell slices of peeled green mango on the streets of these countries, often served with salt. In Hawai'i it is common to pickle green mango slices. Mangos (from www. ... Mangos (from www. ... Granny Smith is an apple cultivar originating in Australia around 1865 from a chance seedling propagated by Marie Ana (Granny) Smith. ... Species Malus domestica Malus sieversii The apple is the pomaceous fruit of plants of the genus Malus in the family Rosaceae, and is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. ... State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle Official languages Hawaiian and English Area 28,337 km² (43rd)  - Land 16,649 km²  - Water 11,672 km² (41. ...

Mangoes are widely used in chutney, which in the West is often very sweet, but in the Indian subcontinent is usually sharpened with hot chilis or limes. In India, mango is often made into a pulp and sold as bars like chocolate, and unripe mango is eaten with chili powder and/or salt. In the Philippines, unripe mango is eaten with bagoong, a salty paste made from fermented fish or shrimp. In Indian cuisine, a chutney (British spelling), chatni (Hindi transliteration) or catni (archaic transliteration) is a sweet_and_spicy condiment, originally from eastern India. ... The Indian subcontinent is the peninsular region of South Asia, which includes India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, usually also Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and some disputed territory currently controlled by China, and sometimes Myanmar. ... chili may refer to: chili (capsicum) - the fruit and plant of any one of several species of the genus Capsicum chili con carne - the common name for a spicy stew-like dish chili powder - a spice mix containing cumin, dried ground peppers and other spices, traditionally used to flavor this... Binomial name Citrus X aurantifolia {{{author}}} Limes cut in half Lime (Citrus X aurantifolia) is a citrus tree originating from the Malay Achipelago. ... Bagoong is shrimp paste, commonly eaten by Filipinos. ...

Mango is also used to make juices, both in ripe and unripe form. Pieces of fruit can be mashed and used in ice cream; they can be substituted for peaches in a peach (now mango) pie; or put in a blender with milk, a little sugar, and crushed ice for a refreshing beverage. A more traditional Indian drink is mango lassi, which is similar, but uses a mixture of yoghurt and milk as the base, and is sometimes flavoured with salt or cardamom. Missing image Ice cream is often served on a stick Boxes of ice cream are often found in stores in a display freezer. ... This article is about the fruit; For alternate uses, see Peach (disambiguation). ... For a place in Kefallinia in Greece, see Lassi, Greece Lassi is a traditional Indian beverage made by blending yoghurt with water, salt, and spices until frothy, and enjoyed chilled as a hot-weather refreshment. ... Binomial name Elettaria cardamomum Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is a pungent aromatic spice belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. ...

Dried unripe mango used as a spice in south and southeast asia is known as amchur.

Important Mango cultivars

Nutrition information

Many hundred named mango cultivars exist. In mango orchards, several cultivars are always grown intermixed to improve cross-pollination. In India, the commonest cultivar is 'Alphonso', known as the King of Mangoes. The best 'Alphonso' mangos are reputed to come from the town of Ratnagiri in Maharashtra. About 80% of mangos in UK supermarkets are of the single cultivar 'Tommy Atkins', which dominates the world export trade. It travels well and has a good shelf-life, but does not have the same flavour as some less common varieties obtained from Asian shops. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... A cultivar is a cultivated variety of a plant species. ... An orchard is an intentional planting of trees maintained for food production. ... Alphonso is a Mango cultivar that is considered by many to be the best in terms of sweetness and flavour. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्ऱ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Exterior appearance of typical supermarket (Albertsons) Supermarket produce section A supermarket is a store that sells a wide variety of goods including food and alcohol (where permitted), medicine, clothes, and other household products that are consumed regularly. ... Shelf-life is the length of time that corresponds to a tolerable loss in quality of a processed food. ... A satellite composite image of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of the continent of Eurasia, defined by subtracting the European peninsula from Eurasia. ...

The following are among the more widely grown, listed by the country in which they were selected or are most extensively cultivated:

• Australia
  • 'Kensington Pride' (also known as 'Bowen Special'
• Bangladesh
  • 'Himsagar', 'Langra', 'Fazli', 'Ashini', 'Khirshapat', 'Raj-bhog', 'Lokhon-bhog'
• Cambodia
  • 'Cambodiana'
• Cameroon
  • 'Améliorée du Cameroun'
• India
  • 'Alphonso' (also called 'Hapoos'), 'Amrapali', 'Bangalora', 'Banganapalli' (a.k.a. 'Benishaan'), 'Bombay', 'Bombay Green', 'Chausa', 'Chinna Rasalu', 'Dashaheri' ('Daseri'), 'Fazli', 'Fernandian', 'Gulabkhas', 'Himayath' (a.k.a. 'Imam Pasand'), 'Himsagar', 'Jehangir', 'Kesar', 'Kishen Bhog', 'Lalbaug', 'Langda' ('Langra'), 'Mallika', 'Mankurad', 'Mulgoa', 'Neelam', 'Pairi', 'Pedda Rasalu', 'Rajapuri', 'Safeda', 'Suvarnarekha', 'Totapuri', 'Vanraj', 'Zardalu'
• Indonesia
  • 'Arumanis', 'Golek'
• Pakistan
  • 'Chaunsa', 'Langra', 'Anwar Ratol', 'Sindhri', 'Dasehri', 'Fazli'
• Philippines
  • 'Carabao'
• USA: Florida
  • 'Haden', 'Irwin', 'Keitt', 'Kent', 'Tommy Atkins', 'Zill'
• USA: Hawaii
  • 'Momi K', 'Pope'
• West Indies
  • 'Amélie', 'Dou-douce', 'Graham', 'Julie', 'Long', 'Madame Francis' (Haiti), 'Rose', 'Spice-Box', 'Starch'

A good list of additional leading cultivars can be found at the cultivar list link in the External links below (although this list omits 'Julie' of the West Indies). This article is about the Australian town. ... State nickname: Sunshine State, Everglade State Other U.S. States Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Governor Jeb Bush Official languages English Area 170,451 km² (22nd)  - Land 137,374 km²  - Water 30,486 km² (17. ... State nickname: The Aloha State Other U.S. States Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Governor Linda Lingle Official languages Hawaiian and English Area 28,337 km² (43rd)  - Land 16,649 km²  - Water 11,672 km² (41. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ...

Fair trade

Mangoes are a popular fruit with consumers around the world. However, many mango farmers receive a low price for their produce. This has led to mangoes being available as a 'fair trade' item in some countries. The fair trade movement, also known as the trade justice movement, promotes the use of labour, environmental and social standards for the production of commodities, particularly those exported from the Third World and Second World to the First World. ...

External links

• Mango Fruit Facts (http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/mango.html)
• Mango cultivar list (http://www.rajans.com/cultivars.htm)
• McGregor on Mango Pollination (http://bee.airoot.com/beeculture/book/chap5/mango.html)
• Mango Post Harvest (http://www.fao.org/inpho/compend/text/Ch20sec1.htm#)
• Health and Mangoes (http://www.nationalpak.com/healthmangoes.asp)