Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart c. 1935
Born	24 July 1897(1897-07-24) Atchison, Kansas, USA
Died	Date of death unknown. Missing 2 July 1937 over central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island, and declared deceased on 5 January 1939.
Occupation	Aviator, author and spokesperson
Known for	First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, and set many aviation records.
Spouse	George P. Putnam
Parents	Samuel "Edwin" Stanton Earhart (1868-1930) and Amelia Otis Earhart (1869-1962)

Amelia Mary Earhart (pronounced /ˈɛərhɑrt/ "AIR-hart"; 24 July 1897 – missing 2 July 1937, declared dead 5 January 1939) was a noted American aviation pioneer, author and women's rights advocate.^[1][2] Earhart was the first woman to receive the Distinguished Flying Cross,^[3] which she was awarded as the first aviatrix to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.^[4] She set many other records,^[5] wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.^[6] Image File history File links Amelia Earhart source: http://www. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Commercial Street in downtown Atchison A statue of Amelia Earhart on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Atchison is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Atchison County, located in northeast Kansas, in the... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the American publisher, author and explorer who lived from 1887 to 1950 and was married to Amelia Earhart. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aviation encompasses all the activities relating to airborne devices created by human ingenuity, generally known as aircraft. ... For other uses, see Author (disambiguation). ... The term women’s rights typically refers to freedoms inherently possessed by women and girls of all ages, which may be institutionalized or ignored and/or illegitimately suppressed by law or custom in a particular society. ... An advocate is one who speaks on behalf of another, especially in a legal context. ... For other uses, see Distinguished Flying Cross. ... For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation). ... The Ninety-Nines was founded on November 2, 1929 at Curtiss Field, Long Island, New York for the mutual support and advancement of women in aviation. ...

During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937, Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island . Fascination with her life, career and disappearance continues to this day.^[7] “Round the world” redirects here. ... Missing persons redirects here. ...

Early life

Childhood

Amelia Earhart

Amelia Mary Earhart, daughter of Samuel "Edwin" Stanton Earhart (1868 – 1930)^[8] and Amelia "Amy" Otis Earhart (1869 – 1962),^[9] was born in Atchison, Kansas.^[10] in the home of her maternal grandfather, Alfred Gideon Otis (1827 – 1912), a former federal judge, president of the Atchison Savings Bank and a leading citizen in Atchison. Alfred Otis had not initially favored the marriage and was not satisfied with Edwin's progress as a lawyer. Image File history File links Ameliachild. ... Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Commercial Street in downtown Atchison A statue of Amelia Earhart on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Atchison is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Atchison County, located in northeast Kansas, in the... This article is about the U.S. state. ... A United States federal judge is a judge appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution. ... For the fish called lawyer, see Burbot. ...

Amelia was named, according to family custom, after her two grandmothers (Amelia Josephine Harres and Mary Wells Patton).^[11] From an early age Amelia, nicknamed "Meeley" (sometimes "Millie") was the ringleader while younger sister (two years her junior), Grace Muriel Earhart (1899 – 1998), nicknamed "Pidge," acted the dutiful follower.^[12] Both girls continued to answer to their childhood nicknames well into adulthood.^[13] Their upbringing was unconventional since Amy Earhart did not believe in molding her children into "nice little girls."^[14] Meanwhile their maternal grandmother disapproved of the "bloomers" worn by Amy's children and although Amelia liked the freedom they provided, she was aware other girls in the neighborhood did not wear them. 1850s fashion bloomers 1851 caricature of fashion bloomers as being similar to Turkish attire An example of late 19th-century / Edwardian athletic bloomers: the Smith College class of 1902 basketball team 1890s caricature of athletic bloomers as leading women to adopt masculine habits Bloomers is a word which has been...

Early influence

A spirit of adventure seemed to abide in the Earhart children with the pair setting off daily to explore their neighborhood.^[15] As a child, Amelia spent long hours playing with Pidge, climbing trees, hunting rats with a rifle and "belly-slamming" her sled downhill. Although this love of the outdoors and "rough-and-tumble" play was common to many youngsters, some biographers have characterized the young Amelia as a tomboy.^[16] The girls kept "worms, moths, katydids, and a tree toad"^[17] in a growing collection gathered in their outings. In 1904, with the help of her uncle, she cobbled together a home-made ramp fashioned after a roller coaster she had seen on a trip to St. Louis and secured the ramp to the roof of the family toolshed. Amelia's well-documented first flight ended dramatically. She emerged from the broken wooden box that had served as a sled with a bruised lip, torn dress and a "sensation of exhilaration." She exclaimed, "Oh, Pidge, it's just like flying!"^[18] For other uses, see Tomboy (disambiguation). ... St. ...

Although there had been some missteps in his career up to that point, in 1907 Edwin Earhart's job as a claims officer for the Rock Island Railroad led to a transfer to Des Moines, Iowa. The next year, at the age of 11, Amelia saw her first aircraft at the Iowa State fair in Des Moines. Her father tried to interest her and her sister in taking a flight. One look at the rickety old "flivver" was enough for Amelia (Millie), who promptly asked if they could go back to the merry-go-round.^[19] She later described the biplane as “a thing of rusty wire and wood and not at all interesting.”^[20] The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad (AAR reporting mark RI) was a Class 1 railroad in the United States. ... “Des Moines” redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Airplane and Aeroplane redirect here. ... A state fair is a competitive and recreational gathering of a U.S. states population. ...

Education

The two sisters, Amelia and Muriel (she went by her middle name from her teens on), remained with their grandparents in Atchison, while their parents moved into new, smaller quarters in Des Moines. During this period, Amelia received a form of home-schooling together with her sister, from her mother and a governess. She later recounted that she was "exceedingly fond of reading"^[21] and spent countless hours in the large family library. In 1909, when the family was finally reunited in Des Moines, the Earhart children were enrolled in public school for the first time with Amelia entering the seventh grade at the age of 12 years.

Family fortunes

While the family's finances seemingly improved with the acquisition of a new house and even the hiring of two servants, it soon became apparent Edwin was an alcoholic. Five years later (in 1914), he was forced to retire, and although he attempted to rehabilitate himself through treatment, he was never reinstated at the Rock Island Railroad. At about this time, Amelia's grandmother Amelia Otis died suddenly, leaving a substantial estate that placed her daughter's share in trust, fearing that Edwin's drinking would drain the funds. The Otis house, and all of its contents, was auctioned; Amelia was heart-broken and later described it as the end of her childhood.^[22]

In 1915, after a long search, Amelia's father found work as a clerk at the Great Northern Railway in St. Paul, Minnesota, where Amelia entered Central High School as a junior. Edwin applied for a transfer to Springfield, Missouri, in 1915 but the current claims officer reconsidered his retirement and demanded his job back, leaving the elder Earhart with nowhere to go. Facing another calamitous move, Amy Earhart took her children to Chicago where they lived with friends. Amelia made an unusual condition in the choice of her next schooling; she canvassed nearby high schools in Chicago to find the best science program. She rejected the high school nearest her home when she complained that the chemistry lab was "just like a kitchen sink."^[23] She eventually was enrolled in Hyde Park High School but spent a miserable semester where a yearbook caption captured the essence of her unhappiness, "A.E. – the girl in brown who walks alone."^[24] A Great Northern train pauses for the photographer four miles west of Minot, North Dakota in 1914. ... Central High School of St. ... Springfield is a city in Christian and Greene Counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... . Hyde Park Career Academy, formerly High Park High School, is located at 6220 S. Stony Island Avenue on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, USA. Amelia Earhart -- 1915 Herbie Hancock Chaka Khan William Irvin -- 1921 -- Chicago Journalist Steve Allen - comedian Mel Torme - singer CPS website Categories: | | | ...

Amelia graduated from Hyde Park High School in 1916. Throughout her troubled childhood, she had continued to aspire to a future career; she kept a scrapbook of newspaper clippings about successful women in predominantly male-oriented fields, including film direction and production, law, advertising, management and mechanical engineering.^[25] She began junior college at Ogontz School in Rydal, Pennsylvania but did not complete her program.^[26] Penn State Abington is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University. ...

During Christmas vacation in 1917, she visited her sister in Toronto, Ontario. World War I had been raging and Amelia saw the returning wounded soldiers. After receiving training as a nurse's aide from the Red Cross, she began work with the Volunteer Aid Detachment at Spadina Military Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. Her duties included preparing food in the kitchen for patients with special diets and handing out prescribed medication in the hospital's dispensary. This article is about the Canadian province. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... In the United States, Certified Nursing Assistants or Certified Nurse Assistants (CNAs) assist residents or patients with activities of daily living (ADLs) and provide bedside care--including basic nursing procedures--all under the supervision of a Registered Nurse (RN) or Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) (Meyer, 2001:1-33,1-36). ... The Anarchist Black Cross was originally called the Anarchist Red Cross. The band Redd Kross was originally called Red Cross. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Volunteer Aid Detachment (VAD) was an organization founded in 1909 when the British Red Cross Society joined with the order of St. ... 1 Spadina Crescent, Toronto, Canada. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

1918 Spanish flu pandemic

When the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic reached Toronto, Earhart was engaged in arduous nursing duties including night shifts at the Spadina Military Hospital.^[27][28] She contracted flu herself, pneumonia and maxillary sinusitis being complications.^[27] She was hospitalized in early November 1918 owing to pneumonia and discharged in December 1918, about two months after the illness had started.^[27] Her sinus related symptoms were pain and pressure around one eye and copious mucus drainage via the nostrils and throat.^[29] In the hospital, in the pre-antibiotic era, she had painful minor operations to wash out the affected maxillary sinus,^[27][28][29] but these procedures were not successful and Earhart subsequently suffered from worsening headache attacks. Her convalescence lasted nearly a year, which she spent at her sister's home in Northampton, Massachusetts.^[28] She passed the time by reading poetry, learning to play the banjo and studying mechanics.^[27] Chronic sinusitis was to significantly affect Earhart's flying and activities in later life,^[29] and sometimes even on the airfield she was forced to wear a bandage on her cheek to cover a small drainage tube.^[30] The 1918 flu pandemic (commonly referred to as the Spanish flu) was a category 5 influenza pandemic caused by an unusually severe and deadly Influenza A virus strain of subtype H1N1. ... Sinus is Latin for bay, pocket, curve or bosom. In anatomy, the term is used in various contexts. ... Nickname: Motto: caritas, educatio, justitia Location in Hampshire County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Hampshire Settled and Charter granted 1654 Incorporated as a city 1884 Government  - Type Mayor-council city  - Mayor Mary Clare Higgins Area  - City  35. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Early flying experiences

At about that time, with a young woman friend, Earhart visited an air fair held in conjunction with the Canadian National Exposition in Toronto. One of the highlights of the day was a flying exhibition put on by a World War I "ace."^[31] The pilot overhead spotted Earhart and her friend, who were watching from an isolated clearing, and dived at them. "I am sure he said to himself, 'Watch me make them scamper,'" she said. Earhart characteristically stood her ground, swept by a mixture of fear and exhilaration. As the aircraft came close, something inside her awakened. "I did not understand it at the time," she said, "but I believe that little red airplane said something to me as it swished by."^[32] Early CNE midway sign A pair of CNE Magic Passes Canadian National Exhibition (CNE) is an annual event held at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...

By 1919 Earhart prepared to enter Smith College but changed her mind and enrolled at Columbia University signing up for a course in medical studies among other programs.^[33] She quit a year later to be with her parents who had reunited in California. Smith College is a private, independent womens liberal arts college located in Northampton, Massachusetts. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

L–R: Neta Snook and Amelia Earhart in front of Earhart's Kinner Airster, c.1921

In Long Beach, on 28 December 1920, she and her father visited an airfield where Frank Hawks (who later gained fame as an air racer) gave her a ride that would forever change Earhart's life. "By the time I had got two or three hundred feet off the ground," she said, "I knew I had to fly."^[34] After that ten-minute flight, she immediately became determined to learn to fly. Working at a variety of jobs, as a photographer, truck driver and stenographer at the local telephone company, she managed to save $1,000 for flying lessons. Earhart had her first lessons, beginning on 3 January 1921, at Kinner Field near Long Beach but to reach the airfield Amelia took a bus to the end of the line, then walked four miles.^[35] Her teacher was Anita "Neta" Snook, a pioneer female aviator who used a surplus Curtiss JN-4 "Canuck" for training. Amelia arrived with her father and a singular request, "I want to fly. Will you teach me?"^[36] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Neta Snook Anita Neta Snook Southern (1896-1991), was a pioneer aviatrix who achieved a long list of firsts. ... Nickname: Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: , Country State County Los Angeles County Government  - Mayor Bob Foster Area  - City  65. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Frank Monroe Hawks (March 28, 1897 - August 23, 1938) was a Lieutenant Commander in World War I and a record holding aviator who was killed in an air crash. ... A pair of Sport Class racers passing the finish pylon at the Reno Air Races. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Neta Snook Anita Neta Snook Southern (1896-1991), was a pioneer aviatrix who achieved a long list of firsts. ... 1st Aero Squadron on the Mexican US border, 1916 A veteran reconditioned Standard J-1, which is often confused with the Curtiss JN-4 Printed upside-down in error, the Curtiss JN-4 appears on a famous stamp; the stamp is known as the Inverted Jenny. The Curtiss JN-4...

Amelia's commitment to flying required her to accept the frequently hard work and rudimentary conditions that accompanied early aviation training. She chose a leather jacket but aware that other aviators would be judging her, slept in it for three nights to give the jacket a more "worn" look. To complete her image transformation, she also cropped her hair short in the style of other female flyers.^[37] Six months later, Amelia purchased a second-hand bright yellow Kinner Airster biplane which she nicknamed "The Canary." On 22 October 1922, Earhart flew the Airster to an altitude of 14,000 feet, setting a world record for female pilots. On 15 May 1923, Earhart became the 16th woman to be issued a pilot's license (#6017)^[38] by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI).^[39] Kinner Airplane & Motor Corp was an airplane and engine manufacturer, founded in Glendale, California by Bert Kinner in mid 1920s. ... Reproduction of a Sopwith Camel biplane flown by Lt. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fédération Aéronautique Internationale The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) is a standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics and astronautics. ...

Aviation career and marriage

Boston

According to the Boston Globe, she was "one of the best women pilots in the United States", although this characterization has been disputed by aviation experts and experienced pilots in the decades since.^[40][41][42] Amelia was an intelligent and competent pilot^[43] but hardly a brilliant aviator, whose early efforts were characterized as inadequate by more seasoned flyers.^[44] One serious miscalculation occurred during a record attempt that had ended with her spinning down through a cloud bank, only to emerge at 3,000 ft. Experienced pilots admonished her, "Suppose the clouds had closed in until they touched the ground?"^[45] Earhart was chagrined yet acknowledged her limitations as a pilot and continued to seek out assistance throughout her career from various instructors.^[46]By 1927, "Without any serious incident, she had accumulated nearly 500 hours of solo flying – a very respectable achievement."^[47] The Boston Globe is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ...

Throughout this period, her grandmother's inheritance, which was now administered by her mother, was constantly depleted until it finally ran out following a disastrous investment in a failed gypsum mine. Consequently, with no immediate prospects for recouping her investment in flying, Earhart sold the "Canary" as well as a second Kinner and bought a yellow Kissel "Speedster" two-passenger automobile, which she named the "Yellow Peril." Simultaneously, Earhart experienced an exacerbation of her old sinus problem as her pain worsened and in early 1924, she was hospitalized for another sinus operation, which was again unsuccessful. After trying her hand at a number of interesting ventures including setting up a photography company, Amelia set out in a new direction. Following her parents' divorce in 1924, she drove her mother in the "Yellow Peril" on a transcontinental trip from California with stops throughout the West and even a jaunt up to Calgary, Alberta. The meandering tour eventually brought the pair to Boston, Massachusetts where Amelia underwent another sinus procedure, this operation being more successful. After recuperation, she returned for several months to Columbia University but was forced to abandon her studies and any further plans for enrolling at the MIT because her mother could no longer afford the tuition fees and associated costs. Soon after, she found employment first as a teacher, then as a social worker in 1925 at Denison House, living in Medford. For other uses, see Gypsum (disambiguation). ... The Kissel Motor Car Company custom built high-quality automobiles from a plant in Hartford, Wisconsin, United States between 1906 and 1931. ... This article is about the Canadian city. ... For other uses, see Alberta (disambiguation). ... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... “MIT” redirects here. ... A social worker is a person employed in the administration of charity, social service, welfare, and poverty agencies, advocacy, or religious outreach programs. ...

Earhart maintained her interest in aviation, becoming a member of the American Aeronautical Society's Boston chapter, and was eventually elected its vice president. She also invested a small sum of money in the Dennison Airport as well as acting as a sales representative for Kinner airplanes in the Boston area.^[48] She wrote local newspaper columns promoting flying and as her local celebrity grew, she laid out the plans for an organization devoted to female flyers.^[49] A columnist is a journalist who produces a specific form of writing for publication called a column. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and the Internet. ...

Amelia Earhart being greeted by Mrs. Foster Welch, Mayor of Southampton, 20 June 1928

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

1928 transatlantic flight

After Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic in 1927, Amy Phipps Guest, an American socialite (1873-1959), expressed interest in being the first woman to fly (or be flown) across the Atlantic Ocean. After deciding the trip was too perilous for her to undertake, she offered to sponsor the project, suggesting they find "another girl with the right image." While at work one afternoon in April 1928, Earhart got a phone call from publicist Capt. Hilton H. Railey, who asked her, "Would you like to fly the Atlantic?" Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) (nicknamed Lucky Lindy and The Lone Eagle) was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and peace activist who, on May 20–21, 1927, rose instantaneously from virtual obscurity to world fame as the result of his piloting of the first solo... Atlantic and North Atlantic redirect here. ...

The project coordinators (including book publisher and publicist George P. Putnam) interviewed Amelia and asked her to accompany pilot Wilmer Stultz and co-pilot/mechanic Louis Gordon on the flight, nominally as a passenger, but with the added duty of keeping the flight log. The team departed Trepassey Harbor, Newfoundland in a Fokker F.VIIb/3m on 17 June 1928, landing at Burry Port (near Llanelli), Wales, United Kingdom, exactly 20 hours and 40 minutes later.^[50] Since most of the flight was on "instruments" and Amelia had no training for this type of flying, she did not pilot the aircraft. When interviewed after landing, she said, "Stultz did all the flying - had to. I was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes." She added, "...maybe someday I'll try it alone."^[51] This article is about the American publisher, author and explorer who lived from 1887 to 1950 and was married to Amelia Earhart. ... Wilmer Stultz was born in Williamsburg Pennsylvania. ... Trepassey , is a small fishing community located on the south eastern corner of the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... The Fokker F.VII was a small airliner originally produced by Anthony Fokkers Atlantic Aircraft Company, and later by other companies under licence. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Burry Port (Welsh: Porth Tywyn) is a small town five miles outside the larger centre of Llanelli in Carmarthenshire, Wales, lying on the Loughor estuary. ... For the parliamentary constituency of Llanelli, see Llanelli (UK Parliament constituency) For the Llanelli Rural area, see Llanelli Rural Llanelli (English: ), the largest town in the county of Carmarthenshire and West Wales, sits on the Burry estuary on the west Wales coast, approximately 13 miles west of the city of... This article is about the country. ...

While in England, Earhart flew the Avro Avian 594 Avian III, SN: R3/AV/101 owned by Lady Mary Heath. She purchased the aircraft and had it shipped back to the United States (where it was assigned “unlicensed aircraft identification mark” 7083).^[52]. The Avro Avian was a series of British light aircraft designed and built by Avro in the 1920s and 30s. ... Lady Mary Heath - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

She is reported as receiveing a rousing welcome on June 19th 1928, when landing at Woolston in Southampton, England ^[53] Map showing Woolston within Southampton Map showing Southampton within England Woolston is a district of Southampton, located on the eastern shore of the River Itchen. ...

When the Stultz, Gordon and Earhart flight crew returned to the United States they were greeted with a ticker-tape parade in New York followed by a reception with President Calvin Coolidge at the White House. Ticker-tape parade in New York City in honor of the Apollo 11 astronauts, August 1969 A ticker-tape parade is a parade event, held in a downtown urban setting, allowing the jettison of large amounts of shredded paper products from nearby office buildings onto the parade route, creating a... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...

Earhart walking with President Hoover in the grounds of the White House on 2 January 1932

Image File history File links AmeliaEarnhardHoover. ... Image File history File links AmeliaEarnhardHoover. ... Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933), was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Celebrity image

Trading on her physical resemblance to Lindbergh,^[54] whom the press had dubbed "Lucky Lindy", some newspapers and magazines began referring to Amelia as "Lady Lindy".^[55] The United Press was more grandiloquent; to them, Earhart was the reigning "Queen of the Air".^[56] Immediately after her return to the United States, she undertook an exhausting lecture tour (1928-29). Meanwhile, Putnam had undertaken to heavily promote her in a campaign including publishing a book she authored, a series of new lecture tours and using pictures of her in mass market endorsements for products including luggage, Lucky Strike cigarettes (this caused image problems for her, with McCall's magazine retracting an offer)^[57] and women's clothing and sportswear. The money that she made with "Lucky Strike" had been earmarked for a $1,500 donation to Commander Richard Byrd's imminent South Pole expedition.^[57] Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) (nicknamed Lucky Lindy and The Lone Eagle) was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and peace activist who, on May 20–21, 1927, rose instantaneously from virtual obscurity to world fame as the result of his piloting of the first solo... Grandiloquence: speaking in a bombastic, pompus and or, pretentious way usually to induce feelings of confusion or inferiority in the person spoken to. ... For the CSI episode of the same name, see Lucky Strike (CSI episode). ... Unlit filtered cigarettes. ... Cover of the March 1911 issue McCalls was a monthly American womens magazine that enjoyed great popularity through much of the 20th century, peaking at a readership of six million in 1960. ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was a pioneering American polar explorer and famous aviator. ...

Rather than simply endorsing the products, Amelia actively became involved in the promotions, especially in women's fashions. For a number of years she had sewn her own clothes, but the "active living" lines that were sold in 50 stores such as Macy's in metropolitan areas were an expression of a new Earhart image. Her concept of simple, natural lines matched with wrinkle-proof, washable materials was the embodiment of a sleek, purposeful but feminine "A.E." (the familiar name she went by with family and friends).^[58][59] The luggage line that she promoted (marketed as Modernaire Earhart Luggage) also bore her unmistakable stamp. She ensured that the luggage met the demands of air travel; it is still being produced today. A wide range of promotional items would appear bearing the Earhart "image" and likewise, modern equivalents are still being marketed to this day.^[60] The marketing campaign by G.P. Putnam was successful in establishing the Earhart mystique in the public psyche.^[61] This article is about the R. H. Macy & Co. ...

Studio portrait of Amelia Earhart, c. 1932. Putnam specifically instructed Earhart to disguise a "gap-toothed" smile by keeping her mouth closed in formal photographs.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Promoting aviation

The celebrity endorsements would help Amelia finance her flying.^[62] Accepting a position as associate editor at Cosmopolitan magazine, she turned this forum into an opportunity to campaign for greater public acceptance of aviation, especially focusing on the role of women entering the field.^[63] In 1929, Earhart was among the first aviators to promote commercial air travel through the development of a passenger airline service; along with Charles Lindbergh, she represented Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT), and invested time and money in setting up the first regional shuttle service between New York and Washington, DC. (TAT later became TWA). She was a Vice President of National Airways, which conducted the flying operations of the Boston-Maine Airways and several other airlines in the northeast.^[64] By 1940, it had become Northeast Airlines. Transcontinental Air Transport (T-A-T) was airline founded in 1928 by Clement Melville Keys that was to merge in 1930 with Western Air Express to form what became TWA. Keys enlisted the help of Charles Lindbergh to design a transcontinental network to get government airmail contracts. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... The Twa, also known as Batwa, are a pygmy people who were the oldest recorded inhabitants of the Great Lakes region of central Africa. ... National Airways is an airline based in Johannesburg, South Africa. ... // Yellow Birds Around 1966, Northeast began repainting some of their aircraft and called their bright new yellow paint scheme The Yellowbird scheme. ...

Competitive flying

Although she had gained fame for her transatlantic flight, Earhart endeavored to set an "untarnished" record of her own.^[65] Shortly after her return, piloting Avian 7083, she set off on her first long solo flight which occurred just as her name was coming into the national spotlight. By making the trip in August 1928, Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the North American continent and back^[66] Gradually her piloting skills and professionalism grew, as acknowledged by experienced professional pilots who flew with her. General Leigh Wade flew with Earhart in 1929: "She was a born flier, with a delicate touch on the stick."^[67]

She subsequently made her first attempt at competitive air racing in 1929 during the first Santa Monica-to-Cleveland Women's Air Derby (later nicknamed the "Powder Puff Derby" by Will Rogers), placing third. In 1930, Earhart became an official of the National Aeronautic Association where she actively promoted the establishment of separate women's records and was instrumental in the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) accepting a similar international standard.^[68] In 1931, flying a Pitcairn PCA-2 autogiro, she set a world altitude record of 18,415 feet (5,613 m) in a borrowed company machine.^[69]While to a reader today it might seem that Earhart was engaged in flying "stunts," she was, with other female flyers, crucial to making the American public "air minded" and convincing them that "aviation was no longer just for daredevils and supermen."^[70] The Powder Puff Derby was the name given to a transcontinental air race for women pilots inaugurated in 1947. ... William Penn Adair Rogers (November 4, 1879 – August 15, 1935) was a Cherokee-American cowboy, comedian, humorist, social commentator, vaudeville performer, and actor. ... The primary mission of NAA is the advancement of the art, sport, and science of aviation and space flight by fostering opportunities to participate fully in aviation activities and by promoting public understanding of the importance of aviation and space flight to the United States. ... Fédération Aéronautique Internationale The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) is a standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics and astronautics. ... National motto: ? Official language English (Pitcairnese also spoken) Capital Adamstown Governor Richard Fell Mayor Jay Warren (elected on December 15 2004) Area  - Total  - % water 47 km² Negligible Population  - Total (2003)  - Density 48 1/km² Dependent area of United Kingdom Currency New Zealand dollar Time zone UTC -8 National anthem None... An autogyro is a type of rotorcraft invented by Juan de la Cierva in 1919, making its first successful flight on January 9, 1923 at Cuatro Vientos Airfield in Madrid, Spain. ...

During this period, Earhart became involved with The Ninety-Nines, an organization of female pilots providing moral support and advancing the cause of women in aviation. She had called a meeting of female pilots in 1929 following the Women's Air Derby. She suggested the name based on the number of the charter members; she later became the organization's first president in 1930.^[71] Amelia was a vigorous advocate for female pilots and when the 1934 Bendix Trophy race banned women, she openly refused to fly screen actress Mary Pickford to Cleveland to open the races.^[72] The Ninety-Nines was founded on November 2, 1929 at Curtiss Field, Long Island, New York for the mutual support and advancement of women in aviation. ... The Bendix Trophy is an aeronautical racing trophy. ... For the Katie Melua song, see Mary Pickford (Used to Eat Roses). ...

Marriage

For a while she was engaged to Samuel Chapman, a chemical engineer from Boston, breaking off her engagement on 23 November 1928.^[73] During the same period, Earhart and Putnam had spent a great deal of time together, leading to intimacy. George Putnam, who was known as GP, was divorced in 1929 and sought out Amelia, proposing to her six times before she finally agreed.^[74] After substantial hesitation on her part, they married on 7 February 1931 in Putnam's mother's house in Noank, Connecticut. Earhart referred to her marriage as a "partnership" with "dual control." In a letter written to Putnam and hand delivered to him on the day of the wedding, she wrote, "I want you to understand I shall not hold you to any medieval (midaevil [sic]) code of faithfulness to me nor shall I consider myself bound to you similarly.^[75][76][77] is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Definition Intimacy is complex in that its meaning varies from relationship to relationship, and within a given relationship over time. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Amelia's ideas on marriage were liberal for the time as she believed in equal responsibilities for both "breadwinners" and pointedly kept her own name rather than being referred to as Mrs. Putnam. When The New York Times, per the rules of its stylebook, insisted on referring to her as Mrs. Putnam, she laughed it off. GP also learned quite soon that he would be called "Mr. Earhart."^[78] There was no honeymoon for the newlyweds as Amelia was involved in a nine-day cross-country tour promoting autogyros and the tour sponsor, Beechnut Gum. Although Earhart and Putnam had no children, he had two sons by his previous marriage to Dorothy Binney (1888-1982),^[79] a chemical heiress whose father's company, Binney & Smith, invented Crayola crayons:^[80] the explorer and writer David Binney Putnam (1913-1992) and George Palmer Putnam, Jr. (born 1921).^[81] Amelia was especially fond of David who frequently visited his father at their family home in Rye, New York. George had contracted polio shortly after his parents' separation and was unable to visit as often. Binney & Smith Inc. ... Crayola logo 2002-present Crayola past logo, 1996-2002 Crayola® is a brand of marking utensils, such as markers, chalk, and colored pencils manufactured by Crayola LLC (formerly Binney & Smith). ... The Rye, NY City Seal. ... Poliomyelitis (polio), or infantile paralysis, is a viral paralytic disease. ...

A few years later, a fire broke out at the Putnam residence in Rye and before it could be contained, destroyed much of the Putnam family treasures including many of Earhart's personal mementos. Following the fire, GP and AE decided to move to the west coast, since Putnam had already sold his interest in the publishing company to his cousin Palmer, setting up in North Hollywood, which brought GP close to Paramount Pictures and his new position as head of the editorial board of this motion picture company.^[82] ... Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and distribution company, based in Hollywood, California. ...

1932 transatlantic solo flight

Amelia Earhart Museum, Derry

Lockheed Vega 5b flown by Amelia Earhart as seen on display at the National Air and Space Museum

At the age of 34, on the morning of 20 May 1932 Earhart set off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland with the latest copy of a local newspaper (the dated copy was intended to confirm the date of the flight). She intended to fly to Paris in her single engine Lockheed Vega 5b to emulate Charles Lindbergh's solo flight. Her technical advisor for the flight was famed Norwegian American aviator Bernt Balchen who helped prepare her aircraft. He also played the role of "decoy" for the press as he was ostensibly preparing Earhart's Vega for his own Arctic flight.^[83] After a flight lasting 14 hours, 56 minutes during which she contended with strong northerly winds, icy conditions and mechanical problems, Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland. The landing was witnessed by Cecil King and T. Sawyer.^[84] When a farm hand asked, "Have you flown far?" Amelia replied, "From America."^[85] The site now is the home of a small museum, the Amelia Earhart Centre.^[86] National Air and Space Museum exterior The National Air and Space Museum (NASM) of the Smithsonian Institution is a museum in Washington, D.C., United States, and is the most popular of the Smithsonian museums. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Harbour Grace is one of the oldest towns in Conception Bay on the Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. ... This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... The Vega was a six-passenger monoplane built by the Lockheed company starting in 1927. ... Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) (nicknamed Lucky Lindy and The Lone Eagle) was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and peace activist who, on May 20–21, 1927, rose instantaneously from virtual obscurity to world fame as the result of his piloting of the first solo... The Norwegian-Americans are an ethnic group in the United States. ... Bernt Balchen (1899-1973) Bernt Balchen, D.F.C., (23 October 1899 – 17 October 1973), was a Norwegian-American polar (and general) aviation pioneer. ... Culmore (Irish: Chuil Móir) is a large village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, close to Derry. ... For other places with similar names, see Derry (disambiguation) and Londonderry (disambiguation). ... Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...

As the first woman to fly solo non-stop across the Atlantic, Earhart received the Distinguished Flying Cross from Congress, the Cross of Knight of the Legion of Honor from the French Government and the Gold Medal of the National Geographic Society from President Herbert Hoover. As her fame grew, she developed friendships with many people in high offices, most notably, Eleanor Roosevelt, the "First Lady." Roosevelt shared many of Earhart's interests and passions, especially women's causes. After flying with Earhart, Roosevelt actually obtained a student permit but did not pursue her plans to learn to fly. The two friends communicated frequently throughout their lives.^[87] Another famous flyer, Jacqueline Cochran, who the public considered Amelia's greatest rival, also became a confidant and friend during this period.^[88] For other uses, see Distinguished Flying Cross. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... This article is about the political and administrative structures of the French government. ... This article is about the organization. ... Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933), was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. ... Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (IPA: ; October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. ... Jacqueline Cochran (11 May 1906 – 9 August 1980) was a pioneer American aviatrix, considered to be one of the most gifted race pilots of her generation. ...

Earhart and "old Bessie" Vega 5b c. 1935

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Other solo flights

On 11 January 1935, Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California. Although this transoceanic flight had been attempted by many others, most notably by the unfortunate participants in the 1927 Dole Air Race which had reversed the route, her trailblazing^[89] flight had been mainly routine, with no mechanical breakdowns. In her final hours, she even relaxed and listened to "the broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera from New York."^[89] is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... For the city and county of Honolulu, see City & County of Honolulu. ... Oakland redirects here. ... The Dole Air Race was a competition to cross the Pacific Ocean by air. ...

That year, once more flying her faithful Vega which she had tagged "old Bessie, the fire horse," Earhart soloed from Los Angeles to Mexico City on 19 April. The next record attempt was a nonstop flight from Mexico City to New York. Setting off on 8 May, her flight was uneventful although the large crowds that greeted her at Newark, New Jersey were a concern^[90] as she had to be careful not to taxi into the throng. Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City Coordinates: , Country Federal entity Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded c. ... Nickname: Map of Newark in Essex County Coordinates: , Country State County Essex Founded/Incorporated 1666/1836 Government  - Mayor Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010 Area [1]  - Total 26. ...

Earhart again participated in long-distance air racing, placing fifth in the 1935 Bendix Trophy Race, the best result she could manage considering that her stock Lockheed Vega topping out at 195 mph was outclassed by purpose-built air racers which reached more than 300 mph.^[91] The race had been a particularly difficult one as one competitor, Cecil Allen, died in a fiery takeoff mishap and rival Jacqueline Cochran was forced to retire due to mechanical problems and the "blinding fog"^[92] and violent thunderstorms that plagued the race. The Bendix Trophy is an aeronautical racing trophy. ...

Between 1930–1935, Amelia had set seven women's speed and distance aviation records in a variety of aircraft including the Kinner Airster, Lockheed Vega and Pitcairn Autogiro. By 1935, recognizing the limitations of her "lovely red Vega" in long, transoceanic flights, Amelia contemplated, in her own words, a new "prize... one flight which I most wanted to attempt – a circumnavigation of the globe as near its waistline as could be."^[93] For the new venture, she would need a new aircraft.

1937 world flight

Amelia Earhart and Lockheed L-10E Electra NR 16020 c. 1937

Amelia Earhart's Lockheed L-10E Electra. During its modification, the aircraft had most of the cabin windows blanked out and had specially fitted fuselage fuel tanks.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 791 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2000 × 1517 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 791 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2000 × 1517 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Lockheed L-10 Electra was Lockheeds first experiment in metal aircraft production, and was built to compete with the Ford Trimotor. ... The Lockheed L-10 Electra was Lockheeds first experiment in metal aircraft production, and was built to compete with the Ford Trimotor. ...

Planning

Earhart joined the faculty of Purdue University in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and as a technical advisor to the Department of Aeronautics.^[94] In July 1936, she took delivery of a Lockheed 10E Electra financed by Purdue and started planning a round-the-world flight. Not the first to circle the globe, it would be the longest at 29,000 miles (47,000 km), following a grueling equatorial route. Although the Electra was publicized as a "flying laboratory," little useful science was planned and the flight seems to have been arranged around Earhart's intention to circumnavigate the globe along with gathering raw material and public attention for her next book. Her first choice as navigator was Captain Harry Manning, who had been the captain of the President Roosevelt, the ship that had brought Amelia back from Europe in 1928. Purdue redirects here. ... The Lockheed L-10 Electra was Lockheeds first experiment in metal aircraft production, and was built to compete with the Ford Trimotor. ...

Through contacts in the Los Angeles aviation community, Fred Noonan was subsequently chosen as a second navigator.^[95] He had vast experience in both marine (he was a licensed ship's captain) and flight navigation. There were significant additional factors which had to be taken into account while using celestial navigation for aircraft.^[96] Noonan had recently left Pan Am, where he established most of the company's China Clipper seaplane routes across the Pacific. Noonan had also been responsible for training Pan American's navigators for the route between San Francisco and Manila.^[97][98] The original plans were for Noonan to navigate from Hawaii to Howland Island, a particularly difficult portion of the flight; then Manning would continue with Earhart to Australia and she would proceed on her own for the remainder of the project. Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Fred Noonan and Amelia Earhart, 1937. ... For the web browser of the same name, see Netscape Navigator A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. ... The principles of air navigation are the same for all aircraft, big or small. ... Pan Ams seaplane terminal at Dinner Key in Miami, Florida, was a hub of inter-American travel during the 1930s and 1940s. ... Martin model 130 China Clipper class passenger-carrying flying boat The China Clipper was a flying boat used by Pan American Airways for its San Francisco to Manila route. ... Pacific redirects here. ...

First attempt

L-R, Paul Mantz, Amelia Earhart, Harry Manning and Fred Noonan, Oakland, California, 17 March 1937

On St. Patrick's Day, 17 March 1937, they flew the first leg from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii. In addition to Earhart and Noonan, Harry Manning and Hollywood stunt pilot Paul Mantz (who was acting as Earhart's technical advisor) were on board. Due to lubrication and galling problems with the propeller hubs' variable pitch mechanisms, the aircraft needed servicing in Hawaii. Ultimately, the Electra ended up at the United States Navy's Luke Field on Ford Island in Pearl Harbor. The flight resumed three days later from Luke Field with Earhart, Noonan and Manning on board, and during the takeoff run, Earhart ground-looped. The circumstances of the ground loop remain controversial. Some witnesses at Luke Field including the Associated Press journalist on the scene said they saw a tire blow^[99] Earhart thought either the Electra's right tire had blown and/or the right landing gear had collapsed. Some sources, including Mantz, cited pilot error.^[99] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Fred Noonan and Amelia Earhart, 1937. ... Oakland redirects here. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... St. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Oakland redirects here. ... For the city and county of Honolulu, see City & County of Honolulu. ... Albert Paul Mantz (August 2, 1903 – July 8, 1965) was a noted movie stunt pilot and consultant from the late 1930s until his death in the mid 1960s. ... For other uses, see Ford Island (disambiguation). ... This article is about the harbor in Hawaii. ... In aviation, a ground loop refers to the rapid circular rotation of an aircraft in the horizontal plane whilst on the ground. ...

With the aircraft severely damaged, the flight was called off and the aircraft was shipped by sea to the Lockheed facility in Burbank, California for repairs.^[100] For the community in Santa Clara County, California, see Burbank, Santa Clara County, California. ...

Earhart and Noonan by the Lockheed L10 Electra in Darwin, Australia, 28 June 1937

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Central Darwin, circa 1986 Darwin is the capital of the Northern Territory, and is a city of 109,419 people (2001 census) on Australias far north-western coastline. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Second attempt

While the Electra was being repaired Earhart and Putnam secured additional funds and prepared for a second attempt. This time flying west to east, the second attempt began with an unpublicized flight from Oakland to Miami, Florida and after arriving there Earhart publicly announced her plans to circumnavigate the globe. The flight's opposite direction was partly the result of changes in global wind and weather patterns along the planned route since the earlier attempt. Fred Noonan was Earhart's only crew member for the second flight. They departed Miami on 1 June and after numerous stops in South America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, arrived at Lae, New Guinea on 29 June 1937. At this stage about 22,000 miles (35,000 km) of the journey had been completed. The remaining 7,000 miles (11,000 km) would all be over the Pacific. Miami redirects here. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... The city of Lae, as seen from space. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Departure from Lae

On 2 July 1937 (midnight GMT) Earhart and Noonan took off from Lae in the heavily loaded Electra. Their intended destination was Howland Island, a flat sliver of land 6,500 ft (2,000 metres) long and 1,600 ft (500 metres) wide, 10 feet (3 m) high and 2,556 miles (4,113 km) away. Their last known position report was near the Nukumanu Islands, about 800 miles (1,300 km) into the flight. The United States Coast Guard cutter Itasca was on station at Howland, assigned to communicate with Earhart's Lockheed Electra 10E and guide them to the island once they arrived in the vicinity. is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For alternate meanings of GMT, see GMT (disambiguation). ... The city of Lae, as seen from space. ... The Nukumanu Islands, part of Papua New Guinea are located in the path of the Polynesian migration to Oceania some 5,000 years ago, the Nukumanu Islands were settled by the Polynesians and retained their Polynesian character as part of the Melanesian Archipelago of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon... USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk USCG HC-130H departs Mojave USCG HC-130H on International Ice Patrol duties The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the U.S. military, a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ...

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Final approach to Howland Island

Through a series of misunderstandings or errors (the details of which are still controversial), the final approach to Howland Island using radio navigation wasn't successful. Fred Noonan had earlier written about problems affecting the accuracy of radio direction finding in navigation.^[101] Some sources have noted Earhart's apparent lack of understanding of her Bendix direction finding loop antenna, which at the time was very new technology. Another cited cause of possible confusion was that the USCG cutter Itasca and Earhart planned their communication schedule using time systems set a half hour apart (with Earhart using Greenwich Civil Time (GCT) and the Itasca under a Naval time zone designation system).^[102]

Motion picture evidence from Lae suggests that an antenna mounted underneath the fuselage may have been torn off from the fuel-heavy Electra during taxi or takeoff from Lae's turf runway, though no antenna was reported found at Lae. Don Dwiggins, in his biography of Paul Mantz (who assisted Earhart and Noonan in their flight planning), noted that the aviators had cut off their long-wire antenna, due to the annoyance of having to crank it back into the aircraft after each use. A Yagi-Uda beam antenna Short Wave Curtain Antenna (Moosbrunn, Austria) A building rooftop supporting numerous dish and sectored mobile telecommunications antennas (Doncaster, Victoria, Australia) An antenna is a transducer designed to transmit or receive radio waves which are a class of electromagnetic waves. ... Albert Paul Mantz (August 2, 1903 – July 8, 1965) was a noted movie stunt pilot and consultant from the late 1930s until his death in the mid 1960s. ...

Earhart in the Electra cockpit, c.1936

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Radio signals

During Earhart and Noonan's approach to Howland Island the Itasca received strong and clear voice transmissions from Earhart identifying as KHAQQ but she apparently was unable to hear voice transmissions from the ship. At 7:42 a.m. Earhart radioed "We must be on you, but cannot see you -- but gas is running low. Have been unable to reach you by radio. We are flying at 1,000 feet." Her 7:58 a.m. transmission said she couldn't hear the Itasca and asked them to send voice signals so she could try to take a radio bearing (this transmission was reported by the Itasca as the loudest possible signal, indicating Earhart and Noonan were in the immediate area). They couldn't send voice at the frequency she asked for, so Morse code signals were sent instead. Earhart acknowledged receiving these but said she was unable to determine their direction.^[103]

In her last known transmission at 8:43 a.m. Earhart broadcast "We are on the line 157 337. We will repeat this message. We will repeat this on 6210 kilocycles. Wait." However, a few moments later she was back on the same frequency (3105 kHz) with a transmission which was logged as a "questionable": "We are running on line north and south."^[104] Earhart's transmissions seemed to indicate she and Noonan believed they had reached Howland's charted position, which was incorrect by about five nautical miles (10 km). The Itasca used her oil-fired boilers to generate smoke for a period of time but the fliers apparently did not see it. The many scattered clouds in the area around Howland Island have also been cited as a problem: their dark shadows on the ocean surface may have been almost indistinguishable from the island's subdued and very flat profile.

Whether any post-loss radio signals were received from Earhart and Noonan remains controversial. If transmissions were received from the Electra, most if not all were weak and hopelessly garbled. Earhart's voice transmissions to Howland were on 3105 kHz, a frequency restricted to aviation use in the United States by the FCC.^[105] This frequency was not thought to be fit for broadcasts over great distances. When Earhart was at cruising altitude and mid-way between Lae and Howland (over 1,000 miles from each) neither station heard her scheduled transmission at 0815 GCT.^[106] Moreover, the 50-watt transmitter used by Earhart was attached to a less-than-optimum-length V-type antenna.^[107][108]

The last voice transmission received on Howland Island from Earhart indicated she and Noonan were flying along a line of position (taken from a "sun line" running on 157-337 degrees) which Noonan would have calculated and drawn on a chart as passing through Howland.^[109] After all contact was lost with Howland Island, attempts were made to reach the flyers with both voice and Morse code transmissions. Operators across the Pacific and the United States may have heard signals from the downed Electra but these were unintelligible or weak.^[110] 1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals Morse code is a method for transmitting telegraphic information, using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a message. ...

Some of these transmissions were hoaxes but others were deemed authentic. Bearings taken by Pan American Airways stations suggested signals originating from several locations, including Gardner Island.^[111][112] It was noted at the time that if these signals were from Earhart and Noonan, they must have been on land with the aircraft since water would have otherwise shorted out the Electra's electrical system.^[113][114] Sporadic signals were reported for four or five days after the disappearance but none yielded any understandable information.^[115] The captain of the USS Colorado later said "There was no doubt many stations were calling the Earhart plane on the plane's frequency, some by voice and others by signals. All of these added to the confusion and doubtfulness of the authenticity of the reports."^[116] A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ... Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) was the United States principal international airline from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991, and was credited with many innovations that shaped the international airline industry. ...

Search efforts

Beginning approximately one hour after Earhart's last recorded message, the USCG Itasca undertook an ultimately unsuccessful search north and west of Howland Island based on initial assumptions about transmissions from the aircraft. The United States Navy soon joined the search and over a period of about three days sent available resources to the search area in the vicinity of Howland Island. The initial search by the Itasca involved running up the 157/337 line of position to the NNW from Howland Island. The Itasca then searched the area to the immediate NE of the island, corresponding to the area, yet wider than the area searched to the NW. Based on bearings of several supposed Earhart radio transmissions, some of the search efforts were directed to a specific position 281 degrees NW of Howland Island without finding land or evidence of the flyers.^[117] Four days after Earhart's last verified radio transmission, on 6 July 1937 the captain of the battleship Colorado received orders from the Commandant, Fourteenth Naval District to take over all naval and coast guard units to coordinate search efforts.^[117] USN redirects here. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... USS Colorado (BB-45), the third ship of the United States Navy named in honor of the 38th state, was the lead ship of her class of battleships. ... The naval district is a military and administrative command ashore, established for the purpose of decentralizing the U.S. Navy Departments functions with respect to the control of the coastwise sea communications and the shore activities outside the department proper, and for the further purpose of centralizing under one...

Later search efforts were directed to the Phoenix Islands south of Howland Island^[118] A week after the disappearance naval aircraft from the Colorado flew over several islands in the group including Gardner Island, which had been uninhabited for over 40 years. The subsequent report on Gardner read, "Here signs of recent habitation were clearly visible but repeated circling and zooming failed to elicit any answering wave from possible inhabitants and it was finally taken for granted that none were there... At the western end of the island a tramp steamer (of about 4000 tons)... lay high and almost dry head onto the coral beach with her back broken in two places. The lagoon at Gardner looked sufficiently deep and certainly large enough so that a seaplane or even an airboat could have landed or takenoff [sic] in any direction with little if any difficulty. Given a chance, it is believed that Miss Earhart could have landed her aircraft in this lagoon and swum or waded ashore."^[119] They also found that Gardner's shape and size as recorded on charts were wholly inaccurate. Other Navy search efforts were again directed north, west and southwest of Howland Island, based on a possibility the Electra had ditched in the ocean, was afloat, or that the aviators were in an emergency raft.^[120] The Phoenix Islands are a group of eight atolls, plus two submerged coral reefs in the central Pacific Ocean, east of the Gilbert Islands and west of the Line Islands. ... Nikumaroro, formerly Gardner Island, is part of the Phoenix Group, Kiribati in the western Pacific Ocean, a remote, elongated, triangular coral atoll with profuse vegetation and a large central marine lagoon, located at . ...

The official search efforts lasted until 19 July 1937.^[121] At $4 million, the air and sea search by the Navy and Coast Guard was the most costly and intensive in history up to that time but search and rescue techniques during the era were rudimentary and some of the search was based on erroneous assumptions and flawed information. Official reporting of the search effort was influenced by individuals wary about how their roles in looking for an American hero might be reported by the press.^[122] Despite an unprecedented search by the United States Navy and Coast Guard no physical evidence of Earhart, Noonan or the Electra 10E was found. The United States Navy Lexington aircraft carrier and Colorado battleship, the Itasca (and even two Japanese ships, the oceanographic survey vessel Koshu and auxiliary seaplane tender Kamoi) searched for six-seven days each, covering 150,000 square miles.^[123][124] is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the 2002 South Korean film, see The Coast Guard (film). ... Search and Rescue (acronym SAR) is an operation mounted by emergency services, often well-trained volunteers, to find someone believed to be in distress, lost, sick or injured either in a remote or difficult to access area, such as mountains, desert or forest (Wilderness search and rescue), or at sea...

Immediately after the end of the official search, G.P. Putnam financed a private search by local authorities of nearby Pacific islands and waters, concentrating on the Gilberts. In late July 1937 Putnam chartered two small boats and while he remained in the United States, directed a search of the Phoenix Islands, Christmas Island, Fanning Island, the Gilbert Islands and the Marshall Islands, but no trace of the Electra or its occupants were found.^[125] Tabuaeran: lagoon shore at dusk Tabuaeran is an atoll—one of the Line Islands of the central Pacific Ocean—located at Latitude 3° 51 36 North – Longitude 159° 21 52 West. ... It has been suggested that Central Gilberts be merged into this article or section. ...

AP Photo of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan, Los Angeles, May 1937

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ...

Disappearance theories

Many theories emerged after the disappearance of Earhart and Noonan. Two possibilities concerning the flyers' fate have prevailed among researchers and historians.

Crash and sink theory

Many researchers believe the Electra ran out of fuel and Earhart and Noonan ditched at sea. Navigator and aeronautical engineer Elgen Long and his wife Marie K. Long devoted 35 years of exhaustive research to the "crash and sink" theory, which is the most widely accepted explanation for the disappearance.^[126] Capt. Laurance F. Safford, USN (retired-deceased), who was responsible for the interwar Mid Pacific Strategic Direction Finding Net and decoding of the Japanese PURPLE cipher messages for the attack on Pearl Harbor, began a lengthy analysis of the Earhart flight during the 1970s, including the intricate radio transmission documentation and came to the conclusion, "poor planning, worse execution."^[127] Rear Admiral Richard R. Black, USN (retired-deceased) who was in administrative charge of the Howland Island airstrip and was present in the radio room on the Itasca asserted in 1982 that "the Electra went into the sea about 10 am, 2 July 1937 not far from Howland".^[127] British aviation historian Roy Nesbit interpreted evidence in contemporary accounts and Putnam's correspondence and concluded Earhart's Electra was not fully fueled at Lae.^[128] William L. Polhemous, the navigator on Ann Pellegreno's 1967 flight which followed Earhart and Noonan's original flight path, studied navigational tables for 2 July 1937 and thought Noonan may have miscalculated the "single line approach" intended to "hit" Howland.^[129] Elgen Marion Long (born August 12, 1927) is known for his accomplishment of setting fifteen aviation records and firsts from his 1971 flight around the world over both poles, and received the FAI Gold Air Medal for his accomplishment. ... Laurance Safford Captain Laurance F. Safford (1890 – 1973) was a U.S. Navy cryptologist. ... This article is about the color. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

David Jourdan, a former Navy submariner and ocean engineer specializing in deep-sea recoveries, has claimed any transmissions attributed to Gardner Island were false. Through his company Nauticos he extensively searched a 1,200 quadrant north and west of Howland Island during two deep-sea sonar expeditions (2002, 2006) totalling $4.5 million and found nothing. The search locations were derived from the line of position (157-337) broadcast by Earhart on 2 July 1937.^[102] Nevertheless, Elgen Long's interpretations have led Jourdan to conclude, "The analysis of all the data we have – the fuel analysis, the radio calls, other things – tells me she went into the water off Howland."^[102] Earhart's stepson George Palmer Putnam Jr. has been quoted as saying he believes "the plane just ran out of gas."^[130] Thomas Crouch, Senior Curator of the National Air and Space Museum has said the Earhart/Noonan Electra is "18,000 ft. down" and may even yield a range of artifacts that could rival the finds of the Titanic, adding, "...the mystery is part of what keeps us interested. In part, we remember her because she's our favorite missing person."^[102] is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Gardner Island hypothesis

Immediately after Earhart and Noonan's disappearance, the United States Navy, Paul Mantz and Earhart's mother (who convinced G.P. Putnam to undertake a search in the Gardner Group)^[131] all expressed belief the flight had ended in the Phoenix Islands (now part of Kiribati), some 350 miles southeast of Howland Island. The Phoenix Islands are a group of eight atolls, plus two submerged coral reefs in the central Pacific Ocean, east of the Gilbert Islands and west of the Line Islands. ...

The Gardner Island hypothesis has been characterized as the "most confirmed" explanation for Earhart's disappearance.^[132] The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) has suggested Earhart and Noonan may have flown without further radio transmissions^[133] for two-and-a-half hours along the line of position Earhart noted in her last transmission received at Howland, arrived at then-uninhabited Gardner Island (now Nikumaroro) in the Phoenix group, landed on an extensive reef-flat near the wreck of a large freighter and ultimately perished. Aviation archaeology, also known as aerospace archaeology, aircraft archaeology, crash hunting, or wreck chasing, is a hobby actively practiced throughout the world by both outdoor recreationists and academics in pursuit of finding, documenting, recovering, and preserving sites important in aviation history. ... Nikumaroro, formerly Gardner Island, is part of the Phoenix Group, Kiribati in the western Pacific Ocean, a remote, elongated, triangular coral atoll with profuse vegetation and a large central marine lagoon, located at . ...

TIGHAR's research has produced a range of documented archaeological and anecdotal evidence supporting this hypothesis.^[134][135] For example, in 1940, Gerald Gallagher, a British colonial officer (also a licensed pilot) radioed his superiors to inform them that he had found a "skeleton... possibly that of a woman", along with an old-fashioned sextant box, under a tree on the island's southeast corner. He was ordered to send the remains to Fiji where in 1941, British colonial authorities took detailed measurements of the bones and concluded they were from a stocky male. However, in 1998 an analysis of the measurement data by forensic anthropologists indicated the skeleton had belonged to a "tall white female of northern European ancestry." The bones themselves were misplaced in Fiji long ago. Gerald Bernard Gallagher (6 July 1912 – 27 September 1941, Nikumaroro), the son of Gerald Hugh Gallagher (a doctor in the West African Medical Service) and Edith Gallagher, attended Stonyhurst College, Cambridge University (Downing College) and St Bartholomews Hospital Medical School. ...

Artifacts discovered by TIGHAR on Nikumaroro have included improvised tools, an aluminum panel (possibly from an Electra), an oddly cut piece of clear Plexiglas which is the exact thickness and curvature of an Electra window and a size 9 Cat's Paw heel dating from the 1930s which resembles Earhart's footwear in world flight photos.^[136] The evidence remains circumstantial but Earhart's surviving stepson, George Putnam Jr., has expressed enthusiasm for TIGHAR's research.^[137]

A 15-member TIGHAR expedition visited Nikumaroro from 21 July to 2 August 2007, searching for unambiguously identifiable aircraft artifacts and DNA. The group included engineers, environmentalists, a land developer, archaeologists, a sailboat designer, a team doctor and a videographer.^[138] They were reported to have found additional artifacts of as yet uncertain origin on the weather-ravaged atoll, including bronze bearings which may have belonged to her aircraft and a zipper pull which might have come from her flight suit.^[139] is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Myths, urban legends and unsupported claims

The unresolved circumstances of Amelia Earhart's disappearance, along with her fame, attracted a great body of other claims relating to her last flight, all of which have been generally dismissed for lack of verifiable evidence. Several unsupported theories have become well-known in popular culture.

Spies for FDR

A World War II-era movie called Flight for Freedom (1943) starring Rosalind Russell and Fred MacMurray furthered a myth that Earhart was spying on the Japanese in the Pacific at the request of the Franklin Roosevelt administration.^[140] By 1949 both the United Press and U.S. Army Intelligence had concluded these rumors were groundless. Jackie Cochran (herself a pioneer aviator and one of Earhart's friends) made a postwar search of numerous files in Japan and was convinced the Japanese were not involved in Earhart's disappearance.^[141] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Rosalind Russell (June 4, 1907 – November 28, 1976) was a four-time Academy Award nominated and Tony Award winning American film and stage actress, perhaps best known for her role as a fast-talking newspaper reporter in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy His Girl Friday. ... Fred MacMurray (August 30, 1908 – November 5, 1991) was an actor who appeared in over one hundred movies and a highly successful television series during a career that lasted from the 1930s to the 1970s. ... For other uses, see Mythology (disambiguation). ... SPY may refer to: SPY (spiders), ticker symbol for Standard & Poors Depository Receipts SPY (magazine), a satirical monthly, trademarked all-caps SPY (Ivory Coast), airport code for San Pédro, Côte dIvoire SPY (Ship Planning Yard), a U.S. Navy acronym SPY, short for MOWAG SPY, a... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), often referred to as FDR, was the 32nd (1933–1945) President of the United States. ... United Press International (UPI) is a global news agency headquartered in the United States filing news in English, Spanish and Arabic. ... Jacqueline Cochran (11 May 1906 – 9 August 1980) was a pioneer American aviatrix, considered to be one of the most gifted race pilots of her generation. ...

Saipan Claims

In 1966, CBS Correspondent Fred Goerner published a book claiming Earhart and Noonan were captured and executed when their aircraft crashed on Saipan Island, part of the Northern Marianas archipelago while it was under Japanese occupation.^{[142][143][144]} This article is about the broadcast network. ... A journalist is a person who practices journalism. ... Saipan seen from the air A map of Saipan, Tinian & Aguijan For other uses, see Saipan (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi(Chamorro) Satil Matawal Pacifiko(Carolinian) Capital Saipan Official languages English, Chamorro, Carolinian Government Presidential representative democracy  -  Governor Benigno R. Fitial  -  Lt. ...

Thomas E. Devine (who served in a postal Army unit) wrote Eyewitness: The Amelia Earhart Incident which includes a letter from the daughter of a Japanese police official who claimed her father was responsible for Earhart's execution.

Former U.S. Marine Robert Wallack claimed he and other soldiers opened a safe on Saipan and found Earhart's briefcase. Former U.S. Marine Earskin J. Nabers claimed that while serving as a wireless operator on Saipan in 1944, he decoded a message from naval officials which said Earhart's aircraft had been found at Aslito AirField, that he was later ordered to guard the aircraft and then witnessed its destruction.^[145] In 1990 the NBC-TV series Unsolved Mysteries broadcast an interview with a Saipanese woman who claimed to have witnessed Earhart and Noonan's execution by Japanese soldiers. No independent confirmation or support has ever emerged for any of these claims.^[146] Purported photographs of Earhart during her captivity have been identified as either fraudulent or having been taken before her final flight.^[147] United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Richmond K. Turner Holland Smith Yoshitsugu Saito â€  Chuichi Nagumo â€  Strength 71,000 31,000 Casualties 3,426 killed; 13,160 wounded 24,000 KIA and 5,000 suicides; 921 prisoners The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World... This article is about the year. ... The National Broadcasting Company or NBC is an American television broadcasting company based in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... Unsolved Mysteries is an American television program that was hosted and narrated by Robert Stack. ...

Since the end of World War II a location on Tinian, which is five miles (eight km) southwest of Saipan, had been rumoured to be the grave of the two aviators. In 2004 a scientifically supported archaeological dig at the site failed to turn up any bones.^[148] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Saipan, Tinian & Aguiguan The atom bomb pit on Tinians North Field, where Little Boy was loaded aboard the Enola Gay Tinian Shinto shrine. ...

Tokyo Rose Rumor

A rumor which claimed that Earhart had made propaganda radio broadcasts as one of the many women compelled to serve as Tokyo Rose was investigated closely by George Putnam. According to several biographies of Earhart, Putnam investigated this rumor personally but after listening to many recordings of numerous Tokyo Roses he did not recognize her voice among them.^[149] For other uses, see Tokyo Rose (disambiguation). ...

Rabaul

David Billings, an Australian aircraft engineer, has asserted a map marked with notations consistent with Earhart's engine model number and her airframe's construction number, has surfaced. It originates from a World War II Australian patrol stationed on New Britain Island off the coast of New Guinea and indicates a crash site 40 miles southwest of Rabaul. Billings has speculated Earhart turned back from Howland and tried to reach Rabaul for fuel. Ground searches have been unsuccessful.^[150] For the volcanic caldera within which Rabaul lies, see Rabaul caldera. ...

Assuming another identity

In November 2006, the National Geographic Channel aired episode two of the Undiscovered History series about a claim that Earhart survived the world flight, moved to New Jersey, changed her name, remarried and became Irene Craigmile Bolam. This claim had originally been raised in the book Amelia Earhart Lives (1970) by Joe Klaas. Irene Bolam, who had been a banker in New York during the 1940s, denied being Earhart, filed a lawsuit requesting $1.5 million in damages and submitted a lengthy affidavit in which she refuted the claims. The book's publisher, McGraw-Hill, withdrew the book from the market shortly after it was released and court records indicate that they made an out of court settlement with her.^[151] Subsequently, Bolam's personal life history was thoroughly documented by researchers, eliminating any possibility she was Earhart. Kevin Richlin, a professional criminal forensic expert hired by National Geographic, studied photographs of both women and cited many measurable facial differences between Earhart and Bolam.^[152] The National Geographic Channel is a subscription television network that features documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Irene Craigmile Bolam was a New Jersey housewife who was accused of being Amelia Earhart in 1970 with the publication of the book Amelia Earhart Lives by Joe Klaas. ... An affidavit is a formal sworn statement of fact, signed by the declarant (who is called the affiant), and witnessed (as to the veracity of the affiants signature) by a taker of oaths, such as a notary public. ... The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ...

Legacy

Amelia Earhart was a widely known international celebrity during her lifetime. Her shyly charismatic appeal, independence, persistence, coolness under pressure, courage and goal-oriented career along with the circumstances of her disappearance at a young age have driven her lasting fame in popular culture. Hundreds of articles and scores of books have been written about her life which is often cited as a motivational tale, especially for girls. Earhart is generally regarded as a feminist icon.^[153] For other uses, see Celebrity (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celebrity (disambiguation). ... Popular culture (or pop culture) is the widespread cultural elements in any given society that are perpetuated through that societys vernacular language or lingua franca. ... Plural of Girl. ... Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ...

Records and achievements

• Woman's world altitude record: 14,000 ft (1928)
• First woman to fly the Atlantic (1928)
• Speed records for 100 km (and with 500 lb cargo) (1931)
• First woman to fly an autogyro (1931)
• Altitude record for autogyros: 15,000 ft (1931)
• First person to cross the U.S. in an autogyro (1932)
• First woman to fly the Atlantic solo (1932)
• First person to fly the Atlantic alone twice (1932)
• First woman to receive the Distinguished Flying Cross (1932)
• First woman to fly non-stop, coast-to-coast across the U.S. (1933)
• Woman's speed transcontinental record (1933)
• First person to fly solo across the Pacific between Honolulu, Hawaii and Oakland, California (1935)
• First person to fly solo from Los Angeles, California to Mexico City, Mexico (1935)
• First person to fly solo nonstop from Mexico City, Mexico to Newark, New Jersey (1935)
• Speed record for east-to-west flight from Oakland, California to Honolulu, Hawaii (1937)^[154]

An autogyro is a type of rotorcraft invented by Juan de la Cierva in 1919, making its first successful flight on January 9, 1923 at Cuatro Vientos Airfield in Madrid, Spain. ... For other uses, see Distinguished Flying Cross. ...

Books by Earhart

Cover of a 1977 reprint of Earhart's The Fun of It, first published in 1932

Amelia Earhart was a successful and heavily promoted writer who served as aviation editor for Cosmopolitan magazine from 1928 to 1930. She wrote magazine articles, newspaper columns, essays and published two books based upon her experiences as a flyer during her lifetime: This image is a book cover. ... This image is a book cover. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... June 1936 issue Cosmopolitan is a magazine for women, sometimes referred to as Cosmo, which has been published for more than a century. ...

• 20 Hrs., 40 Min. (1928) was a journal of her experiences as the first woman passenger on a transatlantic flight.
• The Fun of It (1932) was a memoir of her flying experiences and an essay on women in aviation.
• Last Flight (1937) featured the periodic journal entries she sent back to the United States during her world flight attempt, published in newspapers in the weeks prior to her final departure from New Guinea. Compiled by her husband GP Putnam after she disappeared over the Pacific, many historians consider this book to be only partially Earhart's original work.

20 Hrs. ... The Fun of It (full title The Fun of It: Random Records of My Own Flying and of Women in Aviation) is the title of a 1932 book written by pioneering female aviator Amelia Earhart. ... Last Flight is the title of a book published in 1937 consisting of diary entries and other notes compilied by aviatrix Amelia Earhart during her ill-fated attempt that year at flying around the world. ...

Memorial flights

Two notable memorial flights by female aviators subsequently followed Earhart's original circumnavigational route. “Round the world” redirects here. ...

• In 1967, Ann Dearing Holtgren Pellegreno and a crew of three successfully flew a similar aircraft (a Lockheed 10A Electra) to complete a world flight that closely mirrored Earhart's flight plan. On the 30th anniversary of her disappearance, Pellegreno dropped a wreath in Earhart's honor over tiny Howland Island and returned to Oakland, completing the 28,000-mile commemorative flight on 7 July 1967.
• In 1997, on the 60th anniversary of Amelia Earhart's world flight, San Antonio businesswoman Linda Finch retraced the final flight path flying the same make and model of aircraft as Earhart, a restored 1935 Lockheed Electra 10E. Finch touched down in 18 countries before finishing the trip two and a half months later when she arrived back at Oakland Airport on 28 May 1997.

In 2001, another commemorative flight retraced the route undertaken by Amelia Earhart in her August 1928 trans-continental record flight. Dr. Carlene Mendieta flew an original Avro Avian, the same type that was used in 1928.^[155] Clarence Kelly Johnson testing an Electra model in the University of Michigans wind tunnel. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Clarence Kelly Johnson testing an Electra model in the University of Michigans wind tunnel. ... is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ...

Amelia Earhart received the Cross of Knight of the Legion of Honor from the French Government in June 1932

Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... This article is about the political and administrative structures of the French government. ...

Other honors

• Amelia Earhart Centre And Wildlife Sanctuary was established at the site of her 1932 landing in Northern Ireland, Ballyarnet Country Park, Derry.
• The "Earhart Tree" on Banyan Drive in Hilo, Hawaii was planted by Amelia Earhart in 1935.
• The Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship Awards were established in 1938.
• "Earhart Light" (also known as the "Amelia Earhart Light"), is a day beacon on Howland Island (said to be crumbling).
• The Amelia Earhart Memorial Scholarships (established in 1939 by The Ninety-Nines), provides scholarships to women for advanced pilot certificates and ratings, jet type ratings, college degrees and technical training.
• In 1942, a United States Liberty ship named SS Amelia Earhart was launched (it was wrecked in 1948).
• Amelia Earhart Field (1947), formerly Masters Field and Miami Municipal Airport, after closure in 1959, the Amelia Earhart Regional Park was dedicated in an area of undeveloped federal government land located north and west of the former Miami Municipal Airport and immediately south of Opa-locka Airport.
• The Purdue University Amelia Earhart Scholarship is based on academic merit and leadership and is open to juniors and seniors enrolled in any school at the West Lafayette campus. After being discontinued in the 1970s, a donor resurrected the award in 1999.
• Amelia Earhart Commemorative Stamp (8¢ airmail postage) was issued in 1963 by the United States Postmaster-General.
• The Civil Air Patrol Amelia Earhart Award (since 1964) is awarded to cadets who have completed the first 11 achievements of the cadet program along with receipt of the General Billy Mitchell Award.
• Member of National Women's Hall of Fame (1973).
• The Amelia Earhart Birthplace[3], Atchison, Kansas (a museum and National Historic Site, owned and maintained by The Ninety-Nines).
• Amelia Earhart Airport, located in Atchison, Kansas.
• Amelia Earhart Bridge, located in Atchison, Kansas.
• Schools named after Amelia Earhart are found throughout the United States including the Amelia Earhart Elementary School, in Alameda, California, Amelia Earhart Elementary School, in Hialeah, Florida, Amelia Earhart Middle School, Riverside, California and Amelia Earhart International Baccalaureate World School, in Indio, California.
• Amelia Earhart Hotel, located in Wiesbaden, Germany, originally used as a hotel for women, then as temporary military housing is now operated as the United States Army Contracting Agency office.

Earhardt Tribute at Portal of the Folded Wing

• Amelia Earhart Road, located in Oklahoma City (headquarters of The Ninety-Nines), Oklahoma.
• Crittenton Women’s Union (Boston) Amelia Earhart Award recognizes a woman who continues Earhart’s pioneering spirit, and who has significantly contributed to the expansion of opportunities for women. (since 1982)
• UCI Irvine Amelia Earhart Award (since 1990).
• Amelia Earhart Intermediate School, located in Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan.
• Member of Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (1992).
• Earhart Foundation, located in Ann Arbor, MI. Established in 1995, the foundation funds research and scholarship through a network of 50 "Earhart professors" across the United States.
• Amelia Earhart Festival (annual event since 1996), located in Atchison, Kansas.
• Amelia Earhart Pioneering Achievement Award, Atchison, Kansas: Since 1996, the Cloud L. Cray Foundation provides a $10,000 women’s scholarship to the educational institution of the honoree’s choice.
• Amelia Earhart Earthwork in Warnock Lake Park, Atchison, Kansas. Stan Herd created the one-acre landscape mural from permanent plantings and stone to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Earhart's birth. Located at 39.537621° N 95.145158° W and best viewed from the air.
• Earhart Corona, a corona on Venus was named by the (IAU).
• Greater Miami Aviation Association Amelia Earhart Award for outstanding achievement (2006); first recipient: noted flyer Patricia "Patty" Wagstaff.
• On 6 December 2006, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Amelia Earhart into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.
• USNS Amelia Earhart (T-AKE-6) was named in her honor in May 2007.

Banyan Drive, Hilo, Hawaii, is also known as the Hilo Walk of Fame. ... Zonta International is an international service organization founded in Buffalo, New York in 1919 with the mission of advancing the status of women. ... The Ninety-Nines was founded on November 2, 1929 at Curtiss Field, Long Island, New York for the mutual support and advancement of women in aviation. ... The Liberty ships were cargo ships built in the United States during World War II. They were cheap and quick to build, and came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output. ... The SS Amelia Earhart (Hull Number 117) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War 2. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ... Civil Air Patrol Corporate seal The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF). ... The National Womens Hall of Fame was created in 1969 by a group of people in Seneca Falls, New York, the location of the first American womens rights convention, now known to historians as the 1848 Womens Rights Convention. ... National Historic Site is a designation for a protected area of historic significance. ... Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Commercial Street in downtown Atchison A statue of Amelia Earhart on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Atchison is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Atchison County, located in northeast Kansas, in the... The Amelia Earhart Bridge is a truss bridge over the Missouri River on U.S. Route 59 between Atchison, Kansas and Buchanan County, Missouri. ... Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Commercial Street in downtown Atchison A statue of Amelia Earhart on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Atchison is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Atchison County, located in northeast Kansas, in the... Nickname: Location in the state of California and Alameda County Coordinates: , Country State County Alameda Government  - Mayor Beverly Johnson (D) Area  - Total 23. ... Nickname: Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... Nickname: Location in the state of California Coordinates: , Country State County Riverside Government  - Mayor Ronald O. Loveridge Area  - Total 78. ... The Indio Fashion Mall. ... Wiesbaden is a city in central Germany. ... Nickname: Location in Oklahoma County and the state of Oklahoma. ... Kadena redirects here. ... Okinawa redirects here. ... The Motorsports Hall of Fame of America is a Hall of Fame and museum in Novi, Michigan for American motorsports legends. ... Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Commercial Street in downtown Atchison A statue of Amelia Earhart on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Atchison is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Atchison County, located in northeast Kansas, in the... Two views of a pedestrian mall on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Commercial Street in downtown Atchison A statue of Amelia Earhart on Commercial Street in downtown Atchison Atchison is a city situated along the Missouri River in the eastern part of Atchison County, located in northeast Kansas, in the... In planetary geology, a corona (plural: coronae) is an oval-shaped feature. ... For other uses, see Venus (disambiguation). ... IAU redirects here. ... Patty Wagstaff (née Patricia Rosalie Kearns Combs) was born in St. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (German IPA: ; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American bodybuilder, Golden Globe-winning actor, businessman and politician currently serving as the 38th Governor of the U.S. state of California. ... Maria Owings Shriver (pronounced: ; born November 6, 1955)[1] is an award-winning American journalist from the Kennedy Family, a prolific author and First Lady of California. ... Conceived by First Lady Maria Shriver, the California Hall of Fame was established with The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts to honor legendary individuals and families who embody California’s innovative spirit and have made their mark on history. ... The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts – home of the California Hall of Fame – is housed in the State Archives Building in Sacramento, one block from the State Capitol. ... USNS Amelia Earhart (T-AKE-6), a Lewis and Clark-class dry cargo ship is the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for noted American aviation pioneer and womens rights advocate Amelia Earhart. ...

Popular culture

Amelia Earhart's life has spurred the imaginations of many writers and others:

• The 1943 Rosalind Russell film Flight for Freedom derived from a treatment, Stand by to Die, was a fictionalized treatment of Earhart's life, with a heavy dose of Hollywood World War II propaganda.^[127]
• In the 1962 play written by Arthur Kopit, "Chamber Music," which takes place in an insane asylum, one of the characters believes that she is Amelia Earhart. Ironically, in the context of the play, it is suggested that she could actually be Amelia Earhart, based on the time frame.
• In David Lippincott's 1970 novel, E Pluribus Bang!, the protagonist, the former President of the United States disappears and is taken to a Pacific island where he meets an aged Earhart and is told that until his death, Judge Joseph Crater lived on the island.
• Possibly the first tribute album dedicated to the legend of Amelia Earhart was by Plainsong, "In Search of Amelia Earhart," Elektra K42120, released in 1972. Both the album and the Press Pak released by Elektra are highly prized by collectors and have reached cult status.^[156]
• Patti Smith wrote two poems dedicated to Earhart: "Amelia Earhart I" and "Amelia Earheart II". Both were published in her 1972 poetry collection Seventh Heaven.
• Singer Joni Mitchell wrote a song called "Amelia" on her 1976 album, Hejira, based on Amelia Earhart's legacy.
• A 1976 television bio production titled Amelia Earhart starring Susan Clark and John Forsythe included flying by Hollywood stunt pilot Frank Tallman whose late partner in Tallmantz Aviation, Paul Mantz, had tutored Earhart in the 1930s.
• Clive Cussler's 1992 book, Sahara refers to Earhart by name in a fictional story about another female pilot from the same era who also disappears.
• The Gap khaki pants ad campaign (1993) featured Amelia Earhart as part of a series of American icons linked to modernity and "trailblazing."^[157]
• Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight (1994) starring Diane Keaton, Rutger Hauer and Bruce Dern was initially released as TV movie and subsequently released as a theatrical feature.
• The Star Trek: Voyager episode, "The 37's," (1995) suggests that Earhart and Noonan were abducted by aliens in 1937 and placed in stasis, until found in 2371; like other Earhart-related fiction, a romance between Earhart and Noonan is implied. Earhart and Noonan were portrayed in the episode by Sharon Lawrence and David Graf, respectively. (One of the Star Trek Starfleet's main space stations in the 24th century is named after Earhart).
• I Was Amelia Earhart (1996) is a faux autobiography by Jane Mendelsohn in which "Earhart" tells the story of what happened to her in 1937, complete with heavy doses of romance with her navigator.
• Flying Blind (1999) by Max Allan Collins is a detective novel in which the intrepid Nathan Heller is hired to be a bodyguard for Amelia Earhart. Before long they become lovers (her marriage to Putnam being described as being a union in name only), and later Heller helps her to try to escape from the Japanese following her ill-fated flight.
• The disappearance of Earhart is one of the many mysteries mentioned in the song "Someday We'll Know" (1999) by the New Radicals, later covered by Mandy Moore and Jonathan Foreman for the movie A Walk to Remember. The lyrics are: "Whatever happened to Amelia Earhart? Who holds the stars up in the sky?"
• Singer/songwriter Deb Talan's second album, "Something Burning" (2000), begins with a song called "Thinking Amelia." The song goes on to suggest that Earhart had a "one-in-a-million bad day."
• Earhart's likeness was included among the icons in Apple Computer's "Think Different" advertising campaign (2002) and is now a sought-after collectible. (See: studio portrait, c. 1932 above)
• A brief reference to Earhart's disappearance is made in award-winning United States sit-com Friends, in season 9 episode 18 "The one with the lottery", first aired in 2003. As the gang contemplate purchasing a large quantity of lottery tickets, confident that they will win the jackpot, Ross sceptically and sarcastically answers Phoebe's question "Don't you wanna win the lottery?" with "Sure I do, I also wanna be king of my own country and find out what happened to Amelia Earhart". Chandler then asks "You still on Amelia Earhart?" to which Ross responds excitedly "The woman just vanished!"
• In Christopher Moore's 2003 novel, Fluke, Earhart survived her wreck and appears as the mother of one of the characters.
• The song "Aviator" by Nemo, which appears on their 2004 debut LP Signs of Life, was written about Amelia Earhart's last flight.
• The song "I Miss My Sky," written by Heather Nova for her 2005 album Redbird, is dedicated to Earhart, suggesting that she survived on an island after her disappearance.
• Banjo player Curtis Eller of Curtis Eller's American Circus has also written a song about Earhart's disappearance, "Amelia Earhart" in his "Taking Up Serpents Again" release (2005). One of the lyrics poignantly states that she, "disappeared in a cloudbank and the static never cleared."^[158]
• The Canadian Hip Hop artist Buck 65 links Amelia Earhart and other iconic women Neko Case and Frida Kahlo in the song "Blood of a Young Wolf" (2006) from the album Secret House Against The World.
• English singer/songwriter Tom McRae's fourth album King of Cards (2007) features a song called "The Ballad of Amelia Earhart."
• Pop/rock singer-songwriter Jon Mclaughlin wrote a song titled "Amelia's Missing" (2007); the lyrics state: "and Amelia's missing somewhere out at sea."
• Variety (magazine) online reported in February 2008, that Academy Award winning actress Hilary Swank will portray Earhart, and be co-executive producer for a new biopic titled "Amelia."^[159]
• Academy Award nominee Amy Adams will portray Earhart in Night at the Museum 2: Escape from the Smithsonian.

Rosalind Russell (June 4, 1907 – November 28, 1976) was a four-time Academy Award nominated and Tony Award winning American film and stage actress, perhaps best known for her role as a fast-talking newspaper reporter in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy His Girl Friday. ... ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Arthur Lee Kopit (born 1937) was an US playwright. ... David McCord Lippincott was born in New York on 17th June 1924. ... Joseph Force Crater (1889 - ?) was a judge in New York City who disappeared on August 6, 1930. ... For the lead singer of the band Scandal, see Patty Smyth. ... Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. ... Hejira is a 1976 folk/rock/jazz album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell. ... Susan Clark (born March 8, 1940 in Sarnia, Ontario) is a Canadian actor, best known as Katherine Papadapolis in the TV sitcom Webster. ... John Forsythe (born January 29, 1918 in Penns Grove, New Jersey), is an American stage, television and character actor who starred in three television series that spanned three decades such as single playboy father Bentley Gregg in the 1950s sitcom, Bachelor Father (1957 – 1962), as the unseen millionaire Charles Townsend... Frank Gifford Tallman (b. ... Albert Paul Mantz (August 2, 1903 – July 8, 1965) was a noted movie stunt pilot and consultant from the late 1930s until his death in the mid 1960s. ... Clive Eric Cussler (born July 15, 1931 in Aurora, Illinois)[1][2] is an American adventure novelist and successful marine archaeologist. ... For other uses, see Gap. ... Diane Keaton (née Hall; January 5, 1946) is an Academy Award-winning American film actress, director and producer. ... Rutger Oelsen Hauer (IPA: [rʏtxÉ›r ulsÉ›n hÊŒuÉ›r]) (born in Breukelen, January 23, 1944) is a Dutch film actor. ... ‹ The template below is being considered for deletion. ... The starship Voyager (NCC-74656), an Intrepid-class starship. ... The 37s is the 17th episode of Star Trek: Voyager, the first episode of the second season. ... The term stasis has several meanings: A state of stabilty, in which all forces are equal and opposing, therefore they cancel out each other. ... Sharon Lawrence (Born June 29, 1961 in Charlotte, North Carolina) is an American television actress. ... David Graf (April 16, 1950 – April 7, 2001) was an American actor, best known for his role as Sgt. ... This article is about the entire Star Trek franchise. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The International Space Station in 2007 A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space. ... Jane Mendelsohn (1965- ) is an American author. ... Flying Blind is a mystery novel by Max Allan Collins that was first published in 1999. ... Max Allan Collins in 1982, posing with a drawing of Dick Tracy. ... Someday Well Know is a song by the New Radicals. ... The New Radicals were an American rock band active in the late 1990s, centered on front man Gregg Alexander, who wrote and produced all of their songs and was the sole constant member. ... Amanda Leigh Mandy Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American pop singer, songwriter, model, and actress. ... Jon Foreman playing guitar Jonathan Mark Foreman (born October 22, 1976) is the lead singer, guitarist, and co-founder of the alternative rock band Switchfoot, which he co-founded in 1996 with drummer Chad Butler and his brother Tim on bass. ... A Walk to Remember is a 2002 film set in the mid-1990s Beaufort, North Carolina, based on the 1998 novel by Nicholas Sparks. ... Deb Talan is an American singer-songwriter, often referred to as an intellectual pop-folk musician. ... Apple Inc. ... A sitcom or situation comedy is a genre of comedy performance originally devised for radio but today typically found on television. ... This article is about the television show. ... This is a list of episodes of the Emmy Award-winning United States sitcom Friends. ... Ross Eustace Geller, Ph. ... Phoebe Buffay-Hannigan (born February 16, 1967) is a fictional character from the popular US television sitcom Friends (1994-2004), played by Lisa Kudrow. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Christopher Moore (born 1957 in Toledo, Ohio[1]) is an American writer of absurdist fiction. ... Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings is the seventh novel by Christopher Moore. ... The title of NEMOs debut album which was released by Binge Records in 2004. ... Heather Nova on the cover of her 1994 album Oyster. ... The cover of 2005s Redbird This is Heather 8 lp a follow up to Storm . ... Richard Terfry (b. ... Neko Case (IPA pronunciation: )[1] (born September 8, 1970 in Alexandria, Virginia) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for her solo career and as a member of The New Pornographers. ... Frida Kahlo (July 6, 1907 – July 13, 1954) was a Mexican painter, who has achieved great international popularity. ... Secret House Against The World is an album by Buck 65 released in July 2005. ... Tom McRae For the television writer, see Tom MacRae. ... King of Cards is the fourth studio album from British singer-songwriter Tom McRae. ... Joe McLaughlin is a piano-playing pop/rock singer-songwriter from Anderson, Indiana. ... Variety is a daily newspaper for the entertainment industry. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... Hilary Ann Swank (born July 30, 1974) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress. ... A biographical film or biopic is a film about a particular person or group of people, based on events that actually happened. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... This article is about the actress. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Amelia Earhart

A dock by a lake accross from the famous bike trails. ... Aviation encompasses all the activities relating to airborne devices created by human ingenuity, generally known as aircraft. ... Aviation archaeology, also known as aerospace archaeology or wreck chasing, is a hobby actively practiced throughout the world by both outdoor recreationists and academics in pursuit of finding, documenting, recovering, and preserving sites important in aviation history. ... Bernt Balchen (1899-1973) Bernt Balchen, D.F.C., (23 October 1899 – 17 October 1973), was a Norwegian-American polar (and general) aviation pioneer. ... Irene Craigmile Bolam was a New Jersey housewife who was accused of being Amelia Earhart in 1970 with the publication of the book Amelia Earhart Lives by Joe Klaas. ... Jacqueline Cochran (11 May 1906 – 9 August 1980) was a pioneer American aviatrix, considered to be one of the most gifted race pilots of her generation. ... Nikumaroro, formerly Gardner Island, is part of the Phoenix Group, Kiribati in the western Pacific Ocean, a remote, elongated, triangular coral atoll with profuse vegetation and a large central marine lagoon, located at . ... The city of Lae, as seen from space. ... This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. ... The Lockheed L-10 Electra was built Lockheed by Lockheed to compete with the Ford Trimotor. ... The Vega was a six-passenger monoplane built by the Lockheed company starting in 1927. ... Albert Paul Mantz (August 2, 1903 – July 8, 1965) was a noted movie stunt pilot and consultant from the late 1930s until his death in the mid 1960s. ... Nikumaroro, formerly Gardner Island, is part of the Phoenix Group, Kiribati in the western Pacific Ocean, a remote, elongated, triangular coral atoll with profuse vegetation and a large central marine lagoon, located at . ... Fred Noonan and Amelia Earhart, 1937. ... Radio navigation is the application of radio frequencies to determining a position on the earth. ... Opa-Locka Airport (IATA: OPF, ICAO: KOPF) is a general aviation airport located in Opa-Locka, Florida and 12 miles northwest of Miami, Florida. ... Purdue redirects here. ... This article is about the American publisher, author and explorer who lived from 1887 to 1950 and was married to Amelia Earhart. ... Neta Snook Anita Neta Snook Southern (1896-1991), was a pioneer aviatrix who achieved a long list of firsts. ...

References

Notes

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Bibliography

External links

• A 1930's American Hope, Amelia Earhart, Essay by Mariette Vermeulen, 3 April 1997
• Amelia Earhart Birthplace Museum
• Amelia Earhart Collection of Papers, Memorabilia and Artifacts The world's largest collection of Earhart photographs, artifacts and correspondence. More than 600 photos are now online
• Amelia Earhart's Flight Across America: Rediscovering a Legend
• Amelia Earhart Museum
• Amelia Earhart Official Web site
• Amelia Earhart: On The Future Of Women In Flying (listen online)
• Amelia Earhart's resignation as Vice President of the National Aeronautic Association in May 1933
• Diary a Clue to Amelia Earhart Mystery
• Mystery of Amelia Earhart
• Search for Amelia Earhart: Elgen Long a website detailing the "crash and sink" theory and the man and research behind it
• Flight for Freedom (1943 movie)
• - Museum of Women Pilots
• Specific details on KHAQQ and Amelia's radio at Arcane Radio Trivia
• The Earhart Project from The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery. Includes a summary of the Nikumaroro landing hypothesis and a video showing Earhart's Lockheed taking off from Lae
• Amelia Earhart Memorial flight Recreation
• The Mysteries of Amelia Earhart (1998 movie)
• Transcript of interview with Earhart biographer Susan Butler, 1997
• Amelia Earhart: Recovery Expedition

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