Amenhotep I
Preceded by: Ahmose I	Pharaoh of Egypt 18th Dynasty	Succeeded by: Thutmose I
One of the few surviving three-dimensional representations of Amenhotep I contemporary to his reign, now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Reign	1526 BC to 1506 BC (though disputed) 20 years and 7 months in Manetho[2]
Praenomen	Djeserkare Holy is the Soul of Re[1]
Nomen	Amenhotep Amun is Satisfied
Horus name	Kanaftau Bull who subdues the lands
Nebty name	Aaneru Who inspires great fear
Golden Horus	Uahrenput Enduring of years
Consort(s)	Ahmose-Meritamon
Issue	Amenemhat (died young), possibly Ahmes
Father	Ahmose I
Mother	Ahmose-Nefertari
Died	1506 BC or 1504 BC
Burial	Mummy found in Deir el-Bahri cache, but was likely originally buried in Dra' Abu el-Naga' or KV39

Amenhotep I (sometimes read as Amenophis I and meaning "Amun is satisfied") was the second Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. His reign is generally dated from 1526 to 1506 BC. He was born to Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari, but had at least two elder brothers, Ahmose-ankh and Ahmose Sapair, and was not expected to inherit the throne. However, sometime in the eight years between Ahmose I's 17th regnal year and his death, his heir apparent died and Amenhotep became crown prince.^[3] He then acceded to the throne and ruled for about 21 years.^[2] Nebpehtire[4] The Lord of Strength is Re Nomen Ahmose[3] The Moon is Born Horus name Aakheperu[5] Great of Developments[6] Nebty name Tutmesut[5] Perfect of Birth[6] Golden Horus Tjestawy[5] He who Knots Together the Two Lands[6] Consort(s) Ahmose-Nefertari Gods Wife... For other uses, see Pharaoh (disambiguation). ... The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. ... Aakheperkare Great is the Soul of Re[1] Nomen Thutmose Thoth is born Horus name Kanekhet meri maat Mighty Bull, Beloved of Maat Nebty name Kham neseret aa pehet Crowned with the royal serpent, Great of power Golden Horus Nefer Reneput Sankhibu Good of Years, Making Hearts to Live Consort... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1203 × 1606 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 449 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1203 × 1606 pixel, file size: 2. ... Paul Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? (Doù venons-nous? Que faisons-nous? Où allons-nous?) (1897). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... (Redirected from 1526 BC) Centuries: 17th century BC - 16th century BC - 15th century BC Decades: 1570s BC 1560s BC 1550s BC 1540s BC 1530s BC - 1520s BC - 1510s BC 1500s BC 1490s BC 1480s BC 1470s BC Events and Trends 1523 - Traditional date for the beginning of the Shang Dynasty... (Redirected from 1506 BC) Centuries: 17th century BC - 16th century BC - 15th century BC Decades: 1550s BC 1540s BC 1530s BC 1520s BC 1510s BC - 1500s BC - 1490s BC 1480s BC 1470s BC 1460s BC 1450s BC Events and Trends Stonehenge built in Wiltshire, England The element Mercury has been... Manetho, also known as Manethon of Sebennytos, was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolematic era, circa 3rd century BC. Manetho recorded Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... For other uses, see Ra (disambiguation). ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... Amun (also spelled Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imen, Greek Ἄμμων Ammon, and Ἅμμων Hammon, Egyptian Yamanu) was the name of a deity, in Egyptian mythology, who gradually rose to become one of the most important deities in Ancient Egypt, before fading into obscurity. ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... Image File history File links Srxtail2. ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... Ahmose-Meritamun (or Ahmose-Merytamon), the daughter of Ahmose I, became the Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep I, pharaoh of Egypt in the 18th Dynasty. ... Nebpehtire[4] The Lord of Strength is Re Nomen Ahmose[3] The Moon is Born Horus name Aakheperu[5] Great of Developments[6] Nebty name Tutmesut[5] Perfect of Birth[6] Golden Horus Tjestawy[5] He who Knots Together the Two Lands[6] Consort(s) Ahmose-Nefertari Gods Wife... Queen Ahmose-Nefertari of Egypt was the sister-wife of Egypts Pharaoh King Ahmose I. She had two children-Amenhotep I and Aahhotep II, who wed each other and had the Princess Aahmes. ... (Redirected from 1506 BC) Centuries: 17th century BC - 16th century BC - 15th century BC Decades: 1550s BC 1540s BC 1530s BC 1520s BC 1510s BC - 1500s BC - 1490s BC 1480s BC 1470s BC 1460s BC 1450s BC Events and Trends Stonehenge built in Wiltshire, England The element Mercury has been... (Redirected from 1504 BC) Centuries: 17th century BC - 16th century BC - 15th century BC Decades: 1550s BC 1540s BC 1530s BC 1520s BC 1510s BC - 1500s BC - 1490s BC 1480s BC 1470s BC 1460s BC 1450s BC Events and Trends Stonehenge built in Wiltshire, England The element Mercury has been... Djeser-Djeseru – the focal point of the complex Deir el-Bahri (Arabic دير البحري dayr al-baḥrÄ«, literally meaning, “The Northern Monastery”) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. ... The necropolis of Dra Abu el-Naga is located on the West Bank at Thebes, Egypt, just by the entrance of the dry bay that leads up to Deir el-Bahri, and north of the necropolis of el-Assasif. ... Tomb KV39 in the Valley of the Kings is one of the possible locations of the tomb of Amenhotep I. It is located high in the cliffs, away from the main valley bottom and other royal burials. ... Amun (also spelled Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imen, Greek Ἄμμων Ammon, and Ἅμμων Hammon, Egyptian Yamanu) was the name of a deity, in Egyptian mythology, who gradually rose to become one of the most important deities in Ancient Egypt, before fading into obscurity. ... For other uses, see Pharaoh (disambiguation). ... The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. ... Djeserkare Holy is the Soul of Re[1] Nomen Amenhotep Amun is Satisfied Horus name Kanaftau Bull who subdues the lands Nebty name Aaneru Who inspires great fear Golden Horus Uahrenput Enduring of years Consort(s) Ahmose-Meritamon Issue Amenemhat (died young), possibly Ahmes Father Ahmose I Mother Ahmose-Nefertari... Nebpehtire[4] The Lord of Strength is Re Nomen Ahmose[3] The Moon is Born Horus name Aakheperu[5] Great of Developments[6] Nebty name Tutmesut[5] Perfect of Birth[6] Golden Horus Tjestawy[5] He who Knots Together the Two Lands[6] Consort(s) Ahmose-Nefertari Gods Wife... Queen Ahmose-Nefertari of Egypt was the sister-wife of Egypts Pharaoh King Ahmose I. She had two children-Amenhotep I and Aahhotep II, who wed each other and had the Princess Aahmes. ... Ahmose-ankh was a prince during the early Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. ... Ahmose Sapair was a crown prince of the early 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt. ... Pope John Paul I s enthronement as Pope on 3rd September 1978. ... Regnal year: the year of the reign of a sovereign. ... Contrasting with heir presumptive, an heir apparent is one who cannot be prevented from inheriting by the birth of any other person. ... A Crown Prince or Crown Princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. ...

Although his reign is poorly documented, it is possible to piece together a basic history from available evidence. He inherited the kingdom formed by his father's military conquests and maintained dominance over Nubia and the Nile Delta, but probably did not attempt to keep power in Syrio-Palestine. He continued to rebuild temples in Upper Egypt, and revolutionized mortuary complex design by separating his tomb from his mortuary temple, setting a trend which would persist throughout the New Kingdom. After his death, he was deified into the patron god of Deir el-Medina.^[4] Nubia (not to be confused with Nuba a collective term used for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa) is the region in the south of Egypt, along the Nile and in northern Sudan. ... NASA satellite photograph of the Nile Delta (shown in false colour) The Nile Delta (Arabic:دلتا النيل) is the delta formed in Northern Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. ... The Levant The Levant (IPA: ) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ... Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Mortuary temples (or memorial temples) were temples constructed adjacent to, or in the vicinity of, royal tombs in the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom periods of Ancient Egypt. ... The New Kingdom is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BCE and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt. ... Look up deity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Deir al-Madinah is the Arabic name of an Ancient Egyptian village that was home to the artisans who built the temples and tombs ordered by the pharaohs and other dignitaries during the New Kingdom period (18th to 20th dynasties) in the Valley of the Kings. ...

Family

Amenhotep I was the son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari. His elder brothers, the crown prince Ahmose Sapair and Ahmose-ankh, died before him, thus clearing the way for his ascension to the throne.^[5] Amenhotep probably came to power while he was still young himself, and his mother appears to have been regent for him for at least a short time.^[6] This is evidenced because both he and his mother are credited with opening a worker village at the site of Deir el-Medina.^[6] Amenhotep took for his Great Royal Wife, Ahmose-Meritamon, his sister.^[7] Another wife's name, Sitkamose, is attested on a nineteenth dynasty stele.^[8] Nebpehtire[4] The Lord of Strength is Re Nomen Ahmose[3] The Moon is Born Horus name Aakheperu[5] Great of Developments[6] Nebty name Tutmesut[5] Perfect of Birth[6] Golden Horus Tjestawy[5] He who Knots Together the Two Lands[6] Consort(s) Ahmose-Nefertari Gods Wife... Queen Ahmose-Nefertari of Egypt was the sister-wife of Egypts Pharaoh King Ahmose I. She had two children-Amenhotep I and Aahhotep II, who wed each other and had the Princess Aahmes. ... Ahmose Sapair was a crown prince of the early 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt. ... Ahmose-ankh was a prince during the early Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. ... Great Royal Wife (or ḥmt nswt wrt) is the term used to refer to the chief wife of an Egyptian pharaoh on the day of his coronation. ... Ahmose-Meritamun (or Ahmose-Merytamon), the daughter of Ahmose I, became the Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep I, pharaoh of Egypt in the 18th Dynasty. ... Ancient Egyptian funerary stele Suenos Stone in Forres Scotland A stele (or stela) is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerary or commemorative purposes, most usually decorated with the names and titles of the deceased or living—inscribed, carved in relief (bas...

Beyond this, his relation to all other possible family members has been questioned. Ahhotep II is usually called his wife and sister,^[7] despite an alternate theory that she was his grandmother.^[8] He is thought to have had one son by Ahhotep II, Amenemhat, who died while still very young.^[7] This remains the consensus, although there are arguments against that relationship as well.^[8] With no living heirs, Amenhotep was succeeded by Thutmose I, whom he married to his sister, Aahmes,^[7] although once again there is no definite proof that the two were related. Since Aahmes is never called "King's Daughter" in any inscription, some scholars doubt this relation as well.^[8] Ahhotep II was a queen of Egypt during the early 18th Dynasty. ... Aakheperkare Great is the Soul of Re[1] Nomen Thutmose Thoth is born Horus name Kanekhet meri maat Mighty Bull, Beloved of Maat Nebty name Kham neseret aa pehet Crowned with the royal serpent, Great of power Golden Horus Nefer Reneput Sankhibu Good of Years, Making Hearts to Live Consort... Queen Ahmose was the queen of Thutmose I and mother of queen and later Pharaoh Hatshepsut. ...

Dates and length of reign

In the ninth year of Amenhotep I, a heliacal rise of Sothis was observed on the ninth day of the third month of summer.^[9] Modern astronomers have calculated that, if the observation was made from Memphis or Heleopolis, such an observation could only have been made on that day in 1537 BC. If the observation was made in Thebes, however, it could only have taken place in 1517.^[10] The latter choice is usually accepted as correct since Thebes was the capitol of early 18th dynasty Egypt; hence, Amenhotep I is given an accession date in 1526 BC,^[9] although the possibility of 1546 BC is not entirely dismissed.
Manetho's Epitome states that Amenhotep I ruled Egypt for 20 Years and 7 Months or 21 Years, depending on the source.^[11] While Amenhotep I's highest attested official date is only his Year 10, Manetho's data is confirmed by information from a passage in the tomb autobiography of a Magician named Amenemhet. This individual explicitly states that he served under Amenhotep I for 21 Years.^[12]Thus, in the high chronology, Amenhotep I is given a reign from around 1546 to 1526 BC and, in the low chronology, from around 1526 to 1506 BC or 1525 to 1504 BC,^[13] though individual scholars may vary by a few years. The Sothic cycle or Canicular period is a period of 1461 ancient Egyptian years (of 365 days) or 1460 Julian years (averaging 365. ... For other uses, see Memphis. ... Thebes Thebes (, Thēbai) is the Greek designation of the ancient Egyptian niwt (The) City and niwt-rst (The) Southern City. It is located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile (). Thebes was the capital of Waset, the fourth Upper Egyptian nome... Manetho, also known as Manethon of Sebennytos, was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolematic era, circa 3rd century BC. Manetho recorded Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). ... Manetho, also known as Manethon of Sebennytos, was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolematic era, circa 3rd century BC. Manetho recorded Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). ...

Foreign policy

Relief of Amenhotep I from Karnak.

Amenhotep I's Horus and Two Ladies names, "Bull who conquers the lands" and "He who inspires great terror," are generally interpreted to mean that Amenhotep I intended upon dominating the surrounding nations.^[9] Two tomb texts indicate that he led campaigns into Nubia. According to the tomb texts of Ahmose, son of Ebana, Amenhotep later sought to expand Egypt's border southward into Nubia and he led an invasion force which defeated the Nubian army.^[14] The tomb biography of Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet says he also fought in a campaign in Kush,^[15] however it is quite possible that it refers to the same campaign as Ahmose, son of Ebana.^[9] Amenhotep built a temple at Saï, showing that he had established Egyptian settlements almost as far as the third cataract.^[6] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 421 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1450 × 2065 pixel, file size: 409 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 421 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1450 × 2065 pixel, file size: 409 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Map of Karnak, showing major temple complexes Interior of Temple First pylon of precinct of Amun viewed from the west Al-Karnak (Arabic الكرنك, in Ancient Egypt was named Ipet Sut, the most venerated place) is a small village in Egypt, located on the banks of the River Nile some 2. ... The royal titulary or royal protocol of an Egyptian Pharaoh is the standard naming convention taken by the kings of Ancient Egypt. ... Ahmose, son of Ebana served in the Egyptian military under the pharaohs Tao II Seqenenre, Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, and Thutmose I. His autobiography has survived intact on the wall of his tomb and has proven a valuable source of information on the late 17th Dynasty and the early 18th... Ahmose Pen Nekhbet was an ancient Egyptian official who started his career under Ahmose I and served all the pharaohs until Thutmose III. His autobiographical inscriptions are important for the understanding of the history of the early New Kingdom, though less detailed than those of his contemporary Ahmose, son of... Saï is a large island in the Nile River in Nubia between the second and third cataracts. ...

A single reference in the tomb of Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet indicates another campaign in Iamu in the land of Kehek.^[16] Unfortunately, the location of Kehek is unknown. It was long believed that Kehek was a reference to the Libyan tribe, Qeheq, and thus it was postulated that invaders from Libya took advantage of the death of Ahmose to move into the western Nile Delta.^[17] Unfortunately for this theory, the Qeheq people only appeared in later times, and Kehek's identity remains unknown. Nubia is a possibility, since Amenhotep did campaign there, and the western desert and the oases have also been suggested, since these seem to have fallen under Egyptian control once again.^[16]

Egypt had lost the western desert and the oases during the second intermediate period, and during the revolt against the Hyksos, Kamose thought it necessary to garrison them.^[18] It is uncertain when they were fully retaken, but on one stele, the title "Prince-Governor of the oases" was used,^[19] which means that Amenhotep's reign forms the terminus ante quem for the return of Egyptian rule.^[18] An image representing the Egyptian pharaoh Ahmose I defeating the Hyksos in battle. ... nomen or birth name Kamose was the last king of the Theban Seventeenth Dynasty. ... Ḥaty-a was an ancient Egyptian rank and title given to local princes, mayors, or govenors. ... Terminus post quem, (limit after which), Earliest point in time when the text may have been written. ...

There are no recorded campaigns in Syrio-Palestine during Amenhotep I's reign. However, according to the Tombos Stela of his successor, Thutmose I, when Thutmose led a campaign into Asia all the way to the Euphrates, he found no one who fought against him.^[20] If Thutmose did not lead a campaign which has not been recorded into Asia before this recorded one, it would mean that the preceding pharaoh would have had to pacify Syria instead,^[21] which would indicate a possible Asiatic campaign of Amenhotep I. Two references to the Levant potentially written during his reign might be contemporary witnesses to such a campaign. One of the candidates for Amenhotep's tomb contains a reference to Qedmi, which is somewhere in Canaan or the Transjordan, and Amenemhet's tomb contains a hostile reference to Mitanni.^[22] However, neither of these references necessarily refer to campaigning, nor do they even necessarily date to Amenhotep's reign. The location of Amenhotep's tomb is not certain, and Amenemhet lived to serve under multiple kings who are known to have attacked Mitanni.^[22] Records from Amenhotep's reign are simply altogether too scant and too vague to reach a conclusion about any Syrian campaign. The Tombos Stele is an stele erected by Thutmose I upon his conquest of Nubia as far as the third cataract in his second regnal year. ... // [[Image:]] Map of Canaan For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation). ... Map of the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ... Kingdom of Mitanni Mitanni (cuneiform KUR URUMi-it-ta-ni, also Mittani Mi-ta-an-ni, in Assyrian sources Hanigalbat, Khanigalbat cuneiform Ḫa-ni-gal-bat ) was a Hurrian kingdom in northern Mesopotamia from ca. ...

Cultural and intellectual developments

Stele showing Amenhotep I with his mother

Large numbers of statues of Amenhotep have been found, but they are mostly from the Ramessid period,^[8] made for his posthumous funerary cult.^[19] This makes study of the art of his reign difficult.^[19] Based upon his few authentic statues, it appears that Amenhotep continued the practice of copying Middle Kingdom styles.^[23] Art in the early 18th dynasty was particularly similar to that of the early Middle Kingdom,^[24] and the statues produced by Amenhotep I clearly copied those of Mentuhotep II and Senusret I.^[25] The two types are so similar that modern Egyptologists have had trouble telling the two apart.^[23] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3041x2005, 3341 KB) Summary Pharaoh Amenhotep I with his wife queen Nofert-Ari-Ahmes. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3041x2005, 3341 KB) Summary Pharaoh Amenhotep I with his wife queen Nofert-Ari-Ahmes. ... nomen or birth name Nebhotepre Mentuhotep II (2046-1995 BCE) was a Pharaoh of the 11th dynasty, the son of Intef III of Egypt and a minor queen called Iah. ... Kheperkare The Ka of Re is created Nomen Senusret Man of Wosret Horus name Ankh mesut Living of births Nebty name Ankh mesut Living of births Golden Horus Ankh mesut Living of births Consort(s) Neferu Issues Itakayt, Sebat Ameny, Amenemhat–ankh Father Amenemhat I Mother Neferitatenen[1] Burial Pyramid...

It was probably Amenhotep I who opened the artisan's village at Deir el-Medina which was responsible for all the art which filled the tombs in Thebes' necropolis for the following generations of New Kingdom rulers and nobles.^[8] The earliest name found there is that of Thutmose I, however Amenhotep was clearly an important figure to the city's workmen since he and his mother were both its patron deities.^[26] Aakheperkare Great is the Soul of Re[1] Nomen Thutmose Thoth is born Horus name Kanekhet meri maat Mighty Bull, Beloved of Maat Nebty name Kham neseret aa pehet Crowned with the royal serpent, Great of power Golden Horus Nefer Reneput Sankhibu Good of Years, Making Hearts to Live Consort...

Two important pieces of literature were developed during this period. First, the Book of What is in the Underworld, an important funerary text used in the New Kingdom, is believed to have come into its final form during Amenhotep's reign, since it first appears in the tomb of Thutmose I.^[27] The Ebers papyrus, which is the main source for information on ancient Egyptian medicine, seems to date to this time (the mention of the Heliacal rise of Sothis by which the early New Kingdom chronology is usually calculated was found on the back of this document).^[27] The Amduat (literally That Which Is In the Afterworld) is an important Ancient Egyptian funerary text of the New Kingdom. ... Ebers medical papyrus giving the treatment of cancer. ...

It appears that during Amenhotep I's reign the first water clock was invented.^[28] Amenhotep's court astronomer Amenemheb took credit for creating this device in his tomb biography, although the oldest surviving mechanism dates to the reign of Amenhotep III.^[29] This invention was of great benefit for timekeeping, because the Egyptian hour was not a fixed amount of time, but was measured as 1/12th of the night.^[29] When the nights were shorter in the summer, these waterclocks could be adjusted to measure the shorter hours accurately.^[29] A water clock or clepsydra is a device for measuring time by letting water regularly flow out of a container usually by a tiny aperture. ... Nebmaatre The Lord of Truth is Re[2] Nomen Amenhotep Hekawaset Amun is Satisfied, Ruler of Thebes[1] Horus name Kanakht Emkhaimaat The strong bull, appearing in truth Nebty name Semenhepusegerehtawy One establishing laws, pacifying the two lands Golden Horus Aakhepesh-husetiu Great of valour, smiting the Asiatics Consort(s...

Building projects

Amenhotep's building projects have been mostly obliterated by later construction projects, so it is difficult to appraise the scope of his building program. From written sources it is known that he commissioned the architect Ineni to expand the Temple of Karnak.^[30] Ineni's tomb biography indicates that he created a 20 cubit gate of limestone on the south side of Karnak.^[31] He constructed a Sacred Barque of Amun out of alabaster and a copy of the White Chapel of Senusret III, however they were disassembled by Amenhotep III to fill his third pylon.^[32] Karnak also contains structures which were apparently built for his Sed festival, but he died before he could use them.^[33] A temple was constructed in Nubia at Saï,^[6] and he built structures in Upper Egypt at Elephantine, Kom Ombo, Abydos, and the Temple of Nekhbet, but did not build anything in Lower Egypt, like his father.^[27] Ineofficial of the 18th Dynasty, responsible for major constructions un Egypt| Thutmose II]], Hatshepsut, and Thutmose III. Ineni came from an aristocratic family and likely began his career as an architect under Amenhotep I. Amenhotep I commissioned Ineni to expand the Temple of Karnak. ... Karnak is a village in Egypt that was once part of the ancient capital of Egypt, Thebes. ... White Chapel of Senusret I Currently reconstructed in the Karnak Open Air Museum, the White Chapel of Senusret I was built during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. ... Khakhaure (The king of the two lands, The kas of Ra have appeared) Nomen Senusret (The son of Ra, man of the strong one) Horus name Netcher Kheperu (Horus, divine of form) Nebty name Netcher Mesut (The two ladies, divine of birth) Golden Horus Kheper (The golden Horus has... Pylon is the Greek term for a monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple. ... The sed festival (or heb sed) was an Ancient Egyptian ceremony held to celebrate the continued rule of a pharaoh. ... Saï is a large island in the Nile River in Nubia between the second and third cataracts. ...

Mortuary complex

Amenhotep I was the first king of Egypt to separate his mortuary temple from his tomb, probably to keep tomb robbers from finding his tomb as easily. The remains of this temple are most probably to be found at the north end of Deir el-Bahri.^[34] Deir el-Bahri appears to have had some sort of funerary significance for Amenhotep, since Theban Tomb 358, the tomb of his queen Ahmose-Meritamon, was also found nearby.^[35] However, Amenhotep's temple was located where Hatshepsut intended to build her mortuary temple. Hatshepsut's first plan may have spared the temple, however when she added the lower terrace it was torn down,^[36] and only a few bricks inscribed with Amenhotep's name remain.^[34] The royal statues inside of the temple were then moved into the nearby funerary temple of Mentuhotep II.^[35] Djeser-Djeseru – the focal point of the complex Deir el-Bahri (Arabic دير البحري dayr al-baḥrī, literally meaning, “The Northern Monastery”) is a complex of mortuary temples and tombs located on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the city of Luxor, Egypt. ... Ahmose-Meritamun (or Ahmose-Merytamon), the daughter of Ahmose I, became the Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep I, pharaoh of Egypt in the 18th Dynasty. ... Maatkare[1] Truth is the Ka of Re Nomen Khnumt-Amun Hatshepsut[1] Joined with Amun, Foremost of Noble Ladies Horus name Wesretkau [1] Mighty of Kas Nebty name Wadjrenput[1] Flourishing of years Golden Horus Netjeretkhau [1] Divine of appearance Consort(s) Thutmose II Issue Neferure Father Thutmose I... nomen or birth name Nebhotepre Mentuhotep II (2046-1995 BCE) was a Pharaoh of the 11th dynasty, the son of Intef III of Egypt and a minor queen called Iah. ...

The location of Amenhotep's tomb is as of yet unidentified. The tomb was known to be intact during the reign of Ramses IX, but its location was not disclosed.^[6] There are two possible sites for the location of Amenhotep I's undiscovered tomb, one high up in the Valley of the Kings, KV39 and the other at Dra' Abu el-Naga', Tomb ANB.^[9] Tomb ANB is considered the more likely possibility, because it contains objects bearing his name and the names of some family members.^[37] Excavations at KV 39 have indicated that instead it was used as a previous storage area for the Deir el-Bahri Cache^[38] and Dra' Abu el-Naga' ANB is considered the more probable location.^[6][27] Ramses IX (1129 – 1111 BC) was the eighth king of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. ... Location of the valley in the Theban Hills, West of the Nile, October 1988 (red arrow shows location) The Valley of the Kings (Arabic: وادي الملوك Wadi Biban el-Muluk; Gates of the King)[1] is a valley in Egypt where for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to... Tomb KV39 in the Valley of the Kings is one of the possible locations of the tomb of Amenhotep I. It is located high in the cliffs, away from the main valley bottom and other royal burials. ... The necropolis of Dra Abu el-Naga is located on the West Bank at Thebes, Egypt, just by the entrance of the dry bay that leads up to Deir el-Bahri, and north of the necropolis of el-Assasif. ... Tomb ANB, located in the west of the necropolis of Dra Abu el-Naga, near Thebes, in Egypt, may well have been intended to be the burial place of Amenhotep I and his mother Ahmose-Nefertari. ... Tomb DB320 is located next to Deir el-Bahri, in the Theban Necropolis, opposite modern Luxor contained an extraordinary cache of mummified remains and funeral equipment of more than 50 kings, queens, royals and various nobility. ...

Burial, succession, and legacy

The unwrapped mummy of Amenhotep I

Certain scholars have argued that Amenhotep I may have appointed Thutmose I as coregent before his own death. Thutmose I's name appears next to Amenhotep's name on a barque which was used as fill for the third pylon at Karnak,^[19] and this is often used as evidence that Amenhotep had appointed Thutmose as coregent. This, however, has failed to convince most scholars who note that it may be a simple case of Thutmose associating himself with his royal predecessor.^[8] Alternatively, one text has been interpreted to mean that Amenhotep may have appointed his infant son as coregent, who then preceded him in death.^[39] However, the scholarly consensus is that there is too little evidence for either coregency. Image File history File links Amenhotep_I_Cartonnage. ... Image File history File links Amenhotep_I_Cartonnage. ... A Co-regency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as King, Queen, Emperor or Empress), normally held by only a single person, is held by two. ...

After Amenhotep died, wherever his tomb was located, his body did not remain there. Amenhotep I's body was found in the Deir el-Bahri Cache above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut^[6] and is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. His mummy had apparently not been looted by the 21st dynasty, and the priests who moved the mummy took care to keep the Cartonnage intact. Because of that exquisite face mask, Amenhotep's is the only royal mummy which has not been unwrapped and examined by modern Egyptologists.^[6] Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Mortuary temples (or memorial temples) were temples constructed adjacent to, or in the vicinity of, royal tombs in the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom periods of Ancient Egypt. ... Main entrance of the Egyptian Museum The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, known commonly as the Egyptian Museum, in Cairo, Egypt, is home to the most extensive collection of pharaonic antiquities in the world. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... Cartonnage is a type of material composing Egyptian funerary masks from the First Intermediate Period onward. ...

An image of Amenhotep I from his funerary cult

Image File history File links Amenhotep_I_in_Ram_XI.jpg‎ A picture of Amenhotep I created during the reign of Ramses XI as part of his funeral cult. ... Image File history File links Amenhotep_I_in_Ram_XI.jpg‎ A picture of Amenhotep I created during the reign of Ramses XI as part of his funeral cult. ...

Funerary Cult

Amenhotep was deified upon his death and made the patron deity of the village which he opened at Deir el-Medina.^[8] His mother, who lived at least one year longer than he did, was also deified upon her death and became part of his litany.^[5] As previously mentioned, the vast majority of Amenhotep's statuary comes in the form of a funerary idol from this cult during later periods. When being worshiped, he had three deific manifestations: "Amenhotep of the Town," "Amenhotep Beloved of Amun," and "Amenhotep of the Forecourt," and was known as a god who produced oracles.^[8] Some of the questions asked of him have been preserved on ostraca from Deir el-Medina, and appear to have been phrased in such a way that the idol of the king could nod (or be caused to nod) the answer.^[40] He also had a number of feasts dedicated to him which were held throughout the year.^[8] During the first month, a festival was celebrated in honor of the appearance of Amenhotep to the necropolis workmen, which probably means his idol was taken to Deir el-Medina.^[41] Another feast was held on the thirtieth of the fourth month, and then two more were held in the seventh month.^[41] The first was the "spreading of the funeral couch for king Amenhotep," which probably commemorated the day of his death.^[41] The second, celebrated for four days at the very end of the month, was the "great festival of king Amenhotep lord of the town." Later in Egyptian history, the seventh month was named after this festival, "Phamenoth."^[41] Another festival was held on the 27th of the ninth month, and the last known festival was held for several days between at least the eleventh and thirteenth days of the eleventh month, which in all probability commemorated the date of Amenhotep's accession to the throne.^[41] Image:Egypt. ... An ostracon with Pericles name written on it (c. ...

Further light is shed upon Amenhotep's funerary cult by multiple documents which appear to detail the rituals dedicated to Amenhotep.^[42] Three papyri from the time of Ramesses II record the liturgy used by the priests, and reliefs at Karnak and Medinet Habu illustrate select rites and spells.^[42] The bulk of the rituals concern preparing for and conducting the daily offerings of libations for the idol, including a recitation of a ḥtp-dỉ-nsw formula, and purifying and sealing the shrine at the end of the day.^[43] The remainder of the rites concern how to conduct various feasts throughout the year.^[44] In these cases, Amenhotep's idol or a priest representing him is actually officiating the worship of Amun instead of being worshipped himself, which was not a typical cultic practice in ancient Egypt.^[45] Usermaatre-setepenre The Justice of Re is Powerful, Chosen of Re Nomen Ramesses (meryamun) Born of Re, (Beloved of Amun) Horus name [2] Kanakht Merymaa Golden Horus [2] Userrenput-aanehktu[1] Consort(s) Henutmire, Isetnofret, Nefertari Maathorneferure Issue Bintanath, Khaemweset, Merneptah, Amun-her-khepsef, Meritamen see also: List of children... The Ancient Egyptian offering formula, generally referred to as the ḥtp-dỉ-nsw formula by Egyptologists, was written in ancient Egypt as an offering for the deceased. ...

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

Print Sources

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Amenhotep I

• Amenhotep I - The British Museum Accessed May 20, 2007
• Dunn, J. Amenhotep I, Accessed August 1, 2006
• Andrews, Mark. KV 39, The Tomb of Amenhotep I?. InterCity Oz, Inc. Retrieved on 2007-06-01.
• Fingerson, R. Manetho's King List, Accessed July 31