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American Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), also known as Redgum, is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America. It occurs in the United States from southern New York west to southern Missouri and east Texas and south to central Florida, and in Mexico from southern Nuevo León south to Chiapas, as well as in Guatemala. In the United States it occurs at low to moderate altitudes, while in Mexico and Guatemala it grows at high altitudes in mountains where the climate is more temperate. The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species continuing to survive. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1728x2304, 923 KB) Photo taken by DanielCD on 5/31/05. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ...
Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta...
Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ...
Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ...
Families See text. ...
Genera See text The Altingiaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, including only three genera and about 18 species, all trees. ...
Species Liquidambar formosana Liquidambar orientalis Liquidambar styraciflua The sweetgums Liquidambar are a genus in the witch-hazel family Hamamelidaceae, with three species of large deciduous trees, 25-40m tall, with palmately lobed leaves: Liquidambar formosana - Chinese Sweetgum (central & southern China, Taiwan). ...
In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ...
Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...
Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off). ...
The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ...
Species Liquidambar formosana Liquidambar orientalis Liquidambar styraciflua The sweetgums Liquidambar are a genus in the witch-hazel family Hamamelidaceae, with three species of large deciduous trees, 25-40m tall, with palmately lobed leaves: Liquidambar formosana - Chinese Sweetgum (central & southern China, Taiwan). ...
World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area Ranked 27th - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²) - Width 285 miles (455 km) - Length 330 miles (530 km) - % water 13. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Official language(s) See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area Ranked 2nd - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Nuevo León (Spanish for New León, after the former kingdom in Spain) is a state located in north-eastern Mexico. ...
Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. ...
 Immature "gumball" showing the paired capsule spikes It is a medium-sized to large tree, growing to 20-35 m (exceptionally 41 m) tall, with a trunk up to 2 m diameter. The leaves are palmately lobed, 7-19 cm (rarely to 25 cm) long and broad and with a 6-10 cm petiole, looking somewhat similar to those of some maples. They have five sharply-pointed lobes, but are easily distinguished from maples in being arranged alternately, not in opposite pairs. They are a rich dark green and glossy, and in most cases turn brilliant orange, red and purple colors in the autumn. A small percentage of trees are evergreen or semi-evergreen, with negligible fall color. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x952, 129 KB) Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae, Magnoliophyta). ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1280x952, 129 KB) Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae, Magnoliophyta). ...
The leaves of a Beech tree A leaf with laminar structure and pinnate venation In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ...
Range of Maples Species See List of Acer species Maples are trees or shrubs of the genus Acer. ...
Fall redirects here. ...
A Silver Fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant which retains its leaves year-round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 months. ...
The male and female inflorescences are on different branches of the same tree. The fruit, popularly nick-named a "gumball" or "birball", is a hard, dry, globose, compound fruit 2.5-4 cm in diameter and composed of numerous (20-50) capsules. Each capsule has a pair of terminal spikes, and contains one to two small seeds.
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant. ...
Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ...
Flowers and fruit (capsules) of the ground orchid, Spathoglottis plicata. ...
A ripe red jalapeno cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...
Uses American Sweetgum is a popular ornamental tree, grown for its intense fall colors, but it also has some drawbacks. The wood is brittle and the tree drops branches easily in storms. The spiked "gumballs" are somewhat unpleasant to walk on, and their profusion can smother a lawn unless removed. An ornamental plant is a plant species or cultivar that is grown indoors, or in gardens and parks for its amenity value, or for beauty (in its end use), rather than commercial or other value. ...
As well as in its native area, it has been introduced to many parts of the world, including Argentina, Australia, Chile, Europe, Hawaii, New Zealand, South Africa, Uruguay and Zimbabwe. In the United States, it is especially popular in California, where it has escaped from cultivation. In Florida, it is sold at least as far south as Lake Worth. In Canada, it is commonly cultivated in cities of western British Columbia such as Victoria and Vancouver. It also grows well at Toronto and Niagara Falls. Farther east, it grows as a root-hardy shrub in Ottawa and Montreal. It grows best in moist, acidic loam or clay soil, and tolerates poor drainage. Salt tolerance is moderate. Chlorosis can develop on alkaline soil, especially where organic matter is low. World map showing Europe Political map (neighboring countries in Asia and Africa also shown) Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ...
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Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Lake Worth is a city located in Palm Beach County, Florida, named for General William J. Worth, who led U.S. forces during the Second Seminole War. ...
Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages none stated in law; English is de facto Flower Pacific dogwood Tree Western Redcedar Bird Stellers Jay Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation - House seat - Senate seats 36 6...
Victoria is a Canadian city, and the provincial capital of British Columbia. ...
Vancouver (pronounced: ) is a Canadian city in the province of British Columbia. ...
Niagara Falls, Ontario from Niagara Falls State Park in winter Location of Niagara Falls in the Niagara Region Niagara Falls, Ontario (2001 population 78,815) is a city on the Niagara River, in the Golden Horseshoe region. ...
A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ...
Motto: Advance Ottawa/Ottawa en avant Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario County Established 1850 as Bytown City Mayor Bob Chiarelli Governing body Ottawa City Council MPs / MPPs Members of Parliament (MPs) Mauril Bélanger (LPC), Paul Dewar (NDP), John Baird (CPC), Royal Galipeau (CPC), David McGuinty (LPC),Pierre Lemieux (CPC...
City motto: Concordia Salus (Latin: Well-being through harmony) Province Québec Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area - % water 366. ...
Loam is soil composed of a relatively even mixture of three mineral particle size groups: sand, silt, and clay. ...
The Gay Head cliffs in Marthas Vineyard are made almost entirely of natural clays. ...
Loess field in Germany Soil horizons are formed by combined biological, chemical and physical alterations. ...
In botany, Chlorosis is a condition in which plant foliage produces insufficient chlorophyll. ...
 Mature "gumball" of after seed dispersal The wood is very compact and fine-grained, the heartwood being reddish, and, when cut into planks, marked transversely with blackish belts; it is used for veneer and pulpwood, but is poor for timber or fuel. Being readily dyed black, it is sometimes used instead of ebony for picture frames, and other similar uses, but it is too liable to decay for outdoor work. The soil is soaked with chicken grease. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x849, 104 KB) Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae, Magnoliophyta). ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x849, 104 KB) Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae, Magnoliophyta). ...
A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ...
A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is a material found as the primary content of the stems of woody plants, especially trees, but also shrubs. ...
A veneer is a thin covering over something. ...
Pulpwood refers to timber stocks that are cut in order to make wood pulp for paper production. ...
Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood...
Fuel is any material that is capable of releasing energy when its chemical or physical structure is changed or converted. ...
The earliest record of the tree appears to be in a Spanish work by F. Hernandez, published in 1651, in which he describes it as a large tree producing a fragrant gum resembling liquid amber, whence the name. In Ray's Historia Plantarum (1686) it is called Styrax liquida. It was introduced into Europe in 1681 by John Banister, the missionary collector sent out by Bishop Compton, who planted it in the palace gardens at Fulham. Fulham is a district in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham located 3. ...
The gum resin, also known as liquid amber or copalm balsam, yielded by this tree has no special medicinal virtues, being inferior in therapeutic properties to many others of its class. It is a kind of native balsam, or resin, like turpentine. It may be clear, reddish or yellow, with a pleasant smell like ambergris. As it grows older, it hardens into a solid form, which historically was shipped to other countries in barrels. It was reputed an excellent balsam for mollifying and consolidating, and good against sciatica, weakness of the nerves, etc. Mixed with tobacco, the gum was once used for smoking at the court of the Mexican emperors. It was long used in France as a perfume for gloves and other such items. It is mainly produced in Mexico, little being obtained from trees growing in higher latitudes of North America, or in England. Balsam (pronounced balm) is a term used for various pleasantly scented plant products. ...
For the band, click Turpentine (band). ...
Ambergris (Ambra grisea, Ambre gris, ambergrease, or grey amber) is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, with the shades being variegated like marble. ...
Sciatica is a pain in the leg consequent to irritation of the sciatic nerve. ...
on tobacco usage see Tobacco smoking Species Nicotiana acuminata Nicotiana alata Nicotiana attenuata Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana clevelandii Nicotiana excelsior Nicotiana forgetiana Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana glutinosa Nicotiana langsdorffii Nicotiana longiflora Nicotiana obtusifolia Nicotiana paniculata Nicotiana plumbagifolia Nicotiana quadrivalvis Nicotiana repanda Nicotiana rustica Nicotianasuaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tomentosa Ref: ITIS...
An American Sweetgum will be featured as part of the Memorial Grove at the World Trade Center Memorial, with installation set for fall 2008 and spring 2009 [1]. Construction is in progress of a World Trade Center Memorial called Reflecting Absence, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. ...
- Selected cultivars
- 'Burgundy' – dark red to purple fall colors may persist through winter.
- 'Clydesform' - sold as Emerald Sentinel®; columnar or narrowly pyramidal; slow growth to 9 meters; yellow-orange fall colors.
- 'Festival' – columnar; pale green summer leaves; bright fall hues of yellow, pink and red; less hardy than most.
- 'Goduzam' (Gold Dust) – variegated; pink to red-purple in fall.
- 'Grazam' – pyramidal, with glossy leaves. Orange, red and purple fall colors.
- 'Gumball' – dwarf shrubby cultivar seldom more than 2 meters tall. Purple-red fall color.
- 'Moraine' – upright, rounded form, fast growth, red fall color, hardy to −30 °C.
- 'Palo Alto' – various shades of red in fall; best in California.
- 'Parasol' – develops rounded crown; mature height 10 meters; deep red fall color.
- 'Rotundiloba' – sterile cultivar with rounded lobes on leaves.
- 'Slender Silhouette' - very narrow columnar form.
- 'Worplesdon' – cutleaf cultivar with orange, red and purple fall colors.
References and external links
This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain. Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List and Red Data List), created in 1963, is the worlds most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. ...
The World Conservation Union or International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ...
Table of Trigonometry, 1728 Cyclopaedia Cyclopaedia, or, A Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (folio, 2 vols. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
Liquidambar styraciflua summer foliage cluster Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (745x700, 28 KB) [edit] Licensing [edit] Summary A scanned leaf cluster belonging to the user. ...
| Liquidambar styraciflua foliage Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1712x2288, 1363 KB) Forest & Kim Starr, USGS http://www. ...
| Liquidambar styraciflua Mature bark of American Sweetgum Hemingway, South Carolina Mature bark of sweet gum Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 14:26, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Hemingway is a town located in Williamsburg County, South Carolina. ...
| Liquidambar styraciflua cultivated at Keokea, Maui, Hawaii Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1712x2288, 1460 KB) Forest & Kim Starr, USGS http://www. ...
Keokea is a populated place in Maui. ...
Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727 square miles (1883 km²). Native Hawaiian tradition gives the origin of the islands name in the legend of Hawaiiloa, the Polynesian navigator attributed with discovery of the Hawaiian Islands. ...
This article is becoming very long. ...
| Liquidambar styraciflua leaves. Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2304x1728, 1051 KB) [edit] Summary Liquidambar styraciflua leaves taken by Shawn Hanrahan on the Texas A&M campus in College Station, TX [edit] Licensing Liquidambar styraciflua File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on...
Texas A&M University, often Texas A&M, A&M or TAMU for short, is the flagship[4] institution of The Texas A&M University System. ...
City nicknames: Aggieland, heart of the Research Valley Location in the State of Texas County Brazos County Mayor Ron Silvia Area - Land - Water 104. ...
Official language(s) See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area Ranked 2nd - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ...
| Liquidambar styraciflua at the Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1728x2304, 1008 KB) Liquidambar styraciflua taken at the Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. ...
Texas A&M University, often Texas A&M, A&M or TAMU for short, is the flagship[4] institution of The Texas A&M University System. ...
City nicknames: Aggieland, heart of the Research Valley Location in the State of Texas County Brazos County Mayor Ron Silvia Area - Land - Water 104. ...
Official language(s) See: Languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area Ranked 2nd - Total 268,581 sq mi (695,622 km²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ...
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