Sheikh Amine Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: الشيخ أمين بيار الجميٌل) (born January 22, 1942) was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988. Born in the Lebanese village of Bikfaya, Amine Gemayel (IPA: [ɑˈmin ʒəmaɪˈɛl]) [1] is the son of Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Kataeb Party. Gemayel was elected to the presidency by the National Assembly on September 21, 1982, to succeed his brother Bachir Gemayel who had been elected the previous month but had been assassinated before taking office. For other uses, see Sheikh (disambiguation). ... Gemayel (IPA: ) is the name of a prominent Maronite family based in Bikfaya, Lebanon, several of whose members have played leading roles in politics for many generations. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... This page lists presidents of Lebanon. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Bikfaya (also spelled Bickfaya, Beckfayya, or Bekfaya) is a picturesque town in the Matn District region of Mount Lebanon. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Pierre Gemayel Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: ) (November 6, 1905 – August 29, 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil, Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries, Arabic الشيخ بيار الجميّل), was a Lebanese political leader. ... The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... The National Assembly of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Bachir Gemayel Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir (Arabic: بشير الجميل), (November 10, 1947 – September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander, politician and president elect. ...

After obtaining a law degree, Amine Gemayel concentrated on building up his family's newspaper business. In a 1969 by-election, he was elected to succeed his deceased uncle, Maurice Gemayel, as a member of the National Assembly; he defeated Fuad Lahoud by a margin of 54 percent to 41 percent. In 1972, in the last election to be held for 20 years, he was reelected by a large margin. For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... A by-election or bye-election is a special election held to fill a political office when the incumbent has died or resigned. ... Maurice Gemayel, (Lebanon, 1910 — October 31, 1970) was a Lebanese politician who was often a minister and Maronite MP for Metn, was a prominent figure for the Kataeb Party which was founded by his cousin, Pierre Gemayel. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

While his younger brother Bashir was regarded as a political radical, espousing the expulsion of Palestinian guerrillas from Lebanese soil and a radical overhaul of the political system, and hinting at a possible peace settlement with Israel, Amine Gemayel was considered more moderate. Always a consensus politician, he avoided, at least in his pre-presidential years, alienating Muslim politicians as his brother had done. When Bashir Gemayel was assassinated, therefore, Amine was regarded as a natural choice to bring together both the supporters of his slain brother, and his Muslim opponents. The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

The Gemayel presidency, 1982-1988

Amine Gemayel with William Hawi, Chief of the Kataeb Security Council at the Tell El Zaatar battle

The presidency proved to be a nearly impossible calling, however. With foreign armies occupying two-thirds of the country (Syria in the north and east, Israel in the south), and private armies independent of government control occupying most of the rest, Gemayel's government lacked any real power. His efforts to reach a peace settlement with Israel were stymied by Syria and by Muslim politicians at home. His government found itself largely unable to collect income tax, as warlords controlling the ports and major cities pocketed the tax take themselves. Many have criticized Gemayel for not moving decisively enough to assert the authority of the government, but others have pointed out that with most of the country under foreign occupation, there was little that he could do. In virtually impossible circumstances, he kept a semblance of constitutional order. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ...

This order began to unravel in 1988. Gemayel, whose term was due to end on 23 September, was constitutionally barred from reelection. Syria, still occupying much of Lebanon, insisted on proposing Michael Daher, who was well-known for his pro-Syrian views, as the new president, but he was unacceptable to Christian politicians, many of whom preferred Dany Chamoun, the son of former president Camille Chamoun, or General Michel Aoun, the commander of the army. Chamoun and Aoun were both unacceptable to Syria and to Muslim politicians in Lebanon. A constitutional crisis developed. Fifteen minutes before the expiry of his term, Gemayel appointed Aoun to the post of Prime Minister, who takes on the role of Acting President if the presidency is vacant. He did so to preserve the tradition that the president, and by implication (in his eyes, anyway) anyone acting in that role, should be a Maronite Christian, but thereby went against the tradition of reserving the premiership for a Sunni Muslim. Muslim politicians and warlords refused to accept the Aoun government, instead recognizing a rival government of Selim al-Hoss, whom Gemayel had dismissed in favour of Aoun. Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dany Chamoun (in white robes) with General Michel Aoun, on the balcony of the presidential palace in Baabda Dany Chamoun (Arabic: داني شمعون) (August 26, 1934 – October 21, 1990) was a prominent Lebanese politician. ... Camille Chamoun Camille Nimr Chamoun (b. ... Michel Naim Aoun (Arabic: ميشال عون) (born 17 February 1935 in Beirut) is a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... This page lists prime ministers of Lebanon. ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܐܶ; in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Selim al-Hoss Selim Ahmed al-Hoss (born 1929) is a Lebanese politician. ...

Post-presidential years

Hoping that his absence would help to heal the divisions of Lebanon, Gemayel went into exile for the next twelve years, living variously in Switzerland, France, and the United States, where he lectured at Harvard University's Center for International Affairs (1988-1989) and at the University of Maryland, College Park. In 2000, however, he returned to Lebanon and began to organize the opposition to the government of President Emile Lahoud, whom he regarded as a Syrian puppet. Thwarted in his bid to regain control of the Kataeb Party, he founded a new political force, Al qaida al Kataebiya, which claims to be the true successor to the old Kataeb Party founded by Pierre Gemayel. He also joined the Kornet Chehwan Gathering, a group of anti-government politicians (mostly Christian) leading numerous different political parties. Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... The University of Maryland, College Park (also known as UM, UMD, or UMCP) is a public university located in the city of College Park, in Prince Georges County, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C., in the United States. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Émile Lahoud General Émile Geamil Lahoud (Arabic: اميل لحود) (born January 12, 1936) is the current President of Lebanon. ...

In 2003, Amine Gemayel attempted to act as an intermediary between U.S. President George W. Bush and the Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein. Although his efforts to forestall the ensuing Iraq War were not successful, they fuelled speculation that he might be a candidate for Secretary General of the United Nations when Kofi Annan's term expired. Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 2003 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq and Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council from 1979 until his overthrow by US forces in 2003. ... For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... A large number of international organizations and other bodies have a secretary general or secretary-general as their chief administrative officers or in other administrative capacities. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to January 1, 2007, serving two five-year terms. ...

 In the August 2007 by-elections of the Metn region, Amine Gemayel lost to a previously unknown candidate presented by Michel Aoun's FPM. This marked the end of the man's political career. 

Gemayel's family

Gemayel married Joyce Tyan in December 1967. They had a daughter (Nicole) and two sons (Pierre and Sami). Pierre was elected to Parliament in 2000, and established his reputation as a moderate opposition politician before being appointed to the Cabinet in 2005. He was assassinated by unidentified assailants in Jdeideh, a Beirut suburb, on November 21, 2006. Amine Gemayel angrily blamed Syria for the murder of his son. Joyce Gemayel (née Tayan) is the wife of former President of Lebanon, Amin Gemayel, and mother of the assassinated politician Pierre Amine Gemayel. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Pierre Amine Gemayel Pierre Amine Gemayel (Arabic: ‎; commonly known as Pierre Gemayel Jr. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Gemayel is fluent in English and French, and is regarded as a scholar of Classical Arabic. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

See also

• List of Presidents of Lebanon

v • d • e Presidents of Lebanon
French Mandate (1918-1943)	office established 1926 · Debbas · Privat-Aubouard* · Es-Saad · Edde · Arlabosse* · Naqqache · Thabit* · Trad
Lebanese Republic (since 1943)	El Khoury · Edde · El Khoury · Chehab* · Chamoun · Chehab · Helou · Frangieh · Sarkis · B. Gemayel† · A. Gemayel · Moawad · Hrawi · Lahoud
* denotes acting     †assassinated prior to taking office