Ammonium chloride
IUPAC name	Ammonium chloride
Identifiers
CAS number	12125-02-9
Properties
Molecular formula	NH4Cl
Molar mass	53.49 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Density	1.527 g/cm3
Melting point	338 °C (sublimes) ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (758x776, 91 KB) A sample of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
Boiling point	520 °C Italic text This article is about the boiling point of liquids. ...
Solubility in water	29.7 g/100 g water at 0 °C
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, salmiac, nushadir salt, zalmiak, sal armagnac, sal armoniac, salmiakki, salmiak and salt armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt of ammonia with a biting, slightly sour taste. The aqueous ammonium chloride solution is mildly acidic. Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... The plimsoll symbol as used in shipping In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation). ...

History

The modern name "ammonium" comes from sal ammoniac. The substance was known as nushadir salt (Arabic and Persian: نشادر) in Arabic-speaking countries and Persia, naosha (Chinese: 硇砂; pinyin: náoshā) in China, nao sadar in India. The Romans called the ammonium chloride deposits they collected from near the Temple of Jupiter Amun (Greek Ἄμμων Ammon) in ancient Libya 'sal ammoniacus' (salt of Amun) because of proximity to the nearby temple^[1]. Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Farsi redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Anthem SorÅ«d-e MellÄ«-e Īrān Â² Capital (and largest city) Tehran Official languages Persian Demonym Iranian Government Islamic Republic  -  Supreme Leader  -  President Unification  -  Unified by Cyrus the Great 559 BCE   -  Parthian (Arsacid) dynastic empire (first reunification) 248 BCE-224 CE   -  Sassanid dynastic empire 224–651 CE   -  Safavid dynasty... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Amun (also spelled Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imen, Greek Ἄμμων Ammon, and Ἅμμων Hammon, Egyptian Yamanu) was the name of a deity, in Egyptian mythology, who gradually rose to become one of the most important deities in Ancient Egypt, before fading into obscurity. ... Ancient Map from Herodotus Ancient Libya was the region in the west of the Nile valley and ancient Egypt. ...

It was considered one of the four alchemical "spirits".^{[citation needed]} While the way that it dissociates into two corrosive materials (ammonia and hydrochloric acid) which attack metals convinced some eager alchemists that it might hold the key to converting one metal to another, Arabs used it^{[citation needed]} as a source of ammonia: For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). ... Corrosion is the destructive reaction of a metal with another material, e. ... For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation). ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , Flash point Non-flammable. ... This article is about metallic materials. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predominantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Roman Catholicism, Alawite Islam, Druzism, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ... For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation). ...

2NH₄Cl + 2CaO → CaCl₂ + Ca(OH)₂ + 2NH₃

Sources

In nature, the substance occurs in volcanic regions, forming on volcanic rocks near fume-releasing vents. The crystals deposit directly from the gaseous state, and tend to be short-lived, as they dissolve easily in water. Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ...

Ammonium chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia, NH₃, with hydrogen chloride, HCl: For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation). ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...

NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

Applications

Ammonium chloride is sold in blocks at hardware stores for use in cleaning the tip of a soldering iron and can also be included in solder as flux. Using a soldering iron. ... A solder is a fusible metal alloy, with a melting point or melting range of 180-190°C (360-370 °F), which is melted to join metallic surfaces, especially in the fields of electronics and plumbing, in a process called soldering. ... In metallurgy, flux is a substance which removes passivating oxides from the surface of a metal or alloy. ...

Other uses include a feed supplement for cattle, in hair shampoo, in textile printing, in the glue that bonds plywood, as an ingredient in nutritive media for yeast, in cleaning products, and as cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritative action on the bronchial mucosa. This causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid which presumably is easier to cough up. It is also used in an oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis. Shampoo is a common hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. ... For other uses, see Textile (disambiguation). ... Towers of Hanoi constructed from plywood. ... Typical divisions Ascomycota (sac fungi) Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with approximately 1,500 species described. ... Cough medicine often contains cough suppressants and expectorants. ... A cough medicine or antitussive is a medication given to people to help them stop coughing. ... Renal tubular acidosis, or RTA, is a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to dispose of a normal amount of acid into the urine, which may lead to acidosis (where the blood becomes too acidic). ...

Ammonium chloride is used in snow treatment, namely on ski slopes at temperatures above 0 °C, to harden the snow and slow its melting.^[2] For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ...

In several countries sal ammoniac is used to spice up liquorice-type dark candies (Finland's salmiakki, Sweden's lakrisal, the Netherlands' zoute drop and the Danish Dracula Piller are popular examples), and as a flavoring for vodkas. Binomial name L. Liquorice or licorice (see spelling differences) (IPA: , or ) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. ... For other uses, see Candy (disambiguation). ... Two German brands of salmiakki. ... Lakrisal is a brand of salmiakki candy sold in the Nordic countries and the Netherlands. ... Two German brands of salmiakki. ... Dracula Piller are a brand of salmiakki confectionery. ... Vodka bottling machine, Shatskaya Vodka Shatsk, Russia Vodka (Polish: wódka, Russian: водка) is one of the worlds most popular distilled beverages. ...

Ammonium Chloride is used as an expecctorant, diuretic and systemic acidifying agent. It is used in the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis, to maintain the uine at an acid pH in the treatment of some urinary-tract disorders or in forced acid diuresis.

Ammonium salts are irritantt to the gastric mucosa and may reduce nausea and vomiting.

See also

• Salty liquorice
• Salmiakki Koskenkorva

Two German brands of salmiak. ... Salmiakki Koskenkorva Bottle Salmiakki Koskenkorva, (also Salmiakkikossu for short or generically as Salmari) is a pre-mixed vodka cocktail which caused a minor revolution in drinking culture in Finland during the 1990s. ...

References

1. ^ Ammonia. h2g2 Eponyms. BBB.CO.UK (January 11, 2003). Retrieved on 2007-11-08.
2. ^ http://www.mpa.cc/ski_rule.html