Amoco (American Oil Company)
Type	defunct
Founded	1889
Headquarters	Baltimore, MD
Industry	Oil and Gasoline
Products	Petrochemical
Revenue	Unknown
Employees	Unknown
Slogan	None
Website	www.amoco.com

The American Oil Company, or Amoco, was a global chemical and oil company, founded in Baltimore in 1910 and incorporated in 1922 by Louis Blaustein and his son Jacob, but now part of BP. The firm's early innovations include the gasoline tanker truck and the drive-through filling station. [1] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the city in the US state of Maryland. ... This is a list of petroleum companies. ... Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. ... Revenue is a U.S. business term for the amount of money that a company earns from its activities in a given period, mostly from sales of products and/or services to customers. ... For the album by the Kaiser Chiefs see Employment (album) Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... Look up slogan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A website (or Web site) is a collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a particular domain or subdomain on the World Wide Web. ... A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry: A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Łukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ... BP plc (LSE: BP), NYSE: BP, TYO: 5051 ), originally British Petroleum, is a British energy company / multinational oil company (oil major) with headquarters in London which is amongst the largest private sector energy corporations in the world, and one of the six supermajors (vertically integrated private sector oil exploration, natural...

In 1923 the Blausteins sold a half interest in Amoco to the Pan American Petroleum & Transport company in exchange for a guaranteed supply of oil. Before this deal, Amoco was forced to depend on Standard Oil of New Jersey, a competitor, for its supplies. Standard Oil of Indiana acquired Pan American in 1925, beginning John Rockefeller's association with the Amoco name. [2]

Standard Oil (Indiana) was formed in 1889 by John D. Rockefeller as part of the Standard Oil trust. In 1910, with the rise in popularity of the automobile, Amoco decided to specialize in providing gas to everyday families and their cars. In 1911, the year it became independent from the Standard Oil trust, the company sold 88% of the gasoline and kerosene sold in the midwest. In 1912 it opened its first gas service station in Minneapolis, Minnesota Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ... Standard Oil (Esso) was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... Karl Benzs Velo (vélo means bicycle in French) model (1894) - entered into the first automobile race 2005 MINI Cooper S. An automobile (also motor car or simply car) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. ... Standard Oil (Esso) was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Kerosene or paraffin oil (British English, not to be confused with the waxy solid also called paraffin wax or just paraffin) is a colorless flammable hydrocarbon liquid. ... Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. ... Service station is a term with different meanings in different parts of the world: In the United States and Canada, it refers to a filling station that also offers such services as oil change and mechanical repairs to automobiles. ... Nickname: City of Lakes Motto: En Avant (French: Lets go!) Location in Hennepin County and the state of Minnesota. ...

In the 1920s and 30s Amoco opened up dozens more refining and oil-drilling facilities. Combined with a new oil-refining process, Amoco created its exploration and production business, Stanolind, in 1931. In the following years, a period of intense exploration and search for oil-rich fields ensued; the company drilled over 1000 wells in 1937 alone.

While most oil companies were switching to leaded gasolines in masse during the mid-to-late 1920s, American Oil chose to continue marketing its premium-grade "Amoco-Gas" (later Amoco Super-Premium) as a lead-free gasoline by using aromatics rather than tetraethyl lead to increase octane levels - decades before the environmental movement of the early 1970s led to more stringent auto emissions which ultimately mandated the universal phase out of leaded gasoline. The "Amoco" lead-free gasoline was sold at American's stations in the eastern and southern U.S. alongside American Regular gasoline, which was a leaded fuel. The Red Crown Regular and White Crown Premium gasolines marketed by parent company Standard Oil (Indiana) in its prime marketing area in the Midwest also contained lead.

World War II followed this period of exploration; Amoco participated in the war effort, discovering new means of refinement and even a way of producing TNT more quickly and easily. In addition, Amoco significantly contributed to the aviation and land gasoline needed for the Allied armies. Also, during the war Amoco created its chemical division, formed from the merger of the Pan American Chemicals Company and the Indoil Chemical Company. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... R-phrases S-phrases Related Compounds Related compounds picric acid hexanitrobenzene Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. ... In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ... A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry: A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. ...

In the late 1940s, after World War II, Amoco returned to focusing on domestic oil refinement and advancement. In 1947 Amoco was the first company to drill off-shore, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in 1948 Amoco invented Hydrafrac, a hydraulic well fracturing process that increased oil production worldwide. Initially the Hydrafrac process was licensed exclusively to Halliburton. Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ... Halliburton Energy Services (NYSE: HAL) is a multinational corporation with operations in over 120 countries. ...

Soon after, Amoco began to expand. With an exploration office in Canada, Amoco was now an international gas company. Amoco created several new plants and claimed various new oil fields in this time period, as the company prospered in the post-war boom. In 1957 all the divisions of Amoco were consolidated into a single company, renamed the Amoco Corporation in 1985.

In the late 1950s and early 60s, Amoco again led the way with scientific and technological discoveries. Amoco discovered PTA, a chemical for polyester fiber production. In 1968, following that discovery, Amoco acquired the Avisun Corporation and Patchogue-Plymouth, forming the Amoco Fabrics and Fibers Company. PTA may refer to: Parent-Teacher Association, a voluntary organisation bringing together parents and teachers plasma thromboplastin antecedent, another name for Factor XI Preferential Trade Arrangement This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

An abandoned Amoco station.

In the following decades, Amoco expanded globally, creating plants, oil wells, or markets in over 30 countries, including Britain, Belgium, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, Norway, Venezuela, Russia, China, Trinidad and Tobago, and Egypt. In addition, the company also acquired a division of Tenneco Oil Company and Dome Petroleum Company, becoming one of the world's largest oil companies. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 458 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions Originally from en. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 458 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Other versions Originally from en. ... An oil well is a laymans term for any perforation through the Earths surface designed to find and release both petroleum oil and gas hydrocarbons. ...

On March 16, 1978, the very large crude carrier Amoco Cadiz ran ashore at Brittany, France, causing one of the largest oil spills in history. More than a decade later, Amoco was ordered to pay $120 million in damages and restitution to France. A supertanker is an unofficial nickname that applies to a certain class of tanker ship built to transport very large quantities of liquids; in practice this typically refers to crude oil. ... The Amoco Cadiz was a supertanker, owned by Amoco, that split in two after running aground on Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany, in March 16, 1978, resulting in the 5th-largest oil spill in history. ... (Region flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Rennes Regional President Jean-Yves Le Drian (PS) (since 2004) Departments Côtes-dArmor Ille-et-Vilaine Morbihan Finistère Arrondissements 15 Cantons 201 Communes 1,268 Statistics Land area1 27,209 km² Population (Ranked 7th)  - January 1, 2005 est. ... An oil spill or oil slick is the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. ...

On August 11, 1998, Amoco announced it would merge with British Petroleum (BP) in the world's largest industrial merger. Originally, the plan was for all US BP service stations to be converted to Amoco while all overseas Amoco service stations were to be converted to BP. But by 2001 BP announced that all Amoco service stations would either be closed or renamed to BP service stations. However, BP rebranded its gas as "Amoco Fuels", including "Amoco Ultimate". August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ...

Few BP stations continue operation under the name Amoco, however, most were either converted to BP, Amoco-style stations were demolished and replaced with BP-style stations, or abandoned.

Logos

The first Amoco logo; it still bears the name of Standard Oil of Indiana. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Standard Oil (Esso) was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...	The second Amoco logo. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	The Amoco logo featuring the Standard Oil name. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Standard Oil (Esso) was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ...	Another Amoco logo. This one was used by Midwestern station owners who had the option of using the Amoco name or the more well-known Standard name. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Midwest States (United States of America, ND to OH) The Midwest is a common name for a region of the United States of America. ...
The final Amoco logo before BP. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	The Amoco logo as it appeared wrapped around the top of a Gas Pump Canopy. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	The current Amoco logo, as it is used today by BP. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

The first Amoco logo was unveiled in 1926 after a competition. The logo featured a circle, representing strength, stability, and dependability, with the words "Standard Oil Company (Indiana)" in red. The inner circle represents the cycle of service to customers. The word "Service" was written in the inside of the circles. In addition, the logo also had a torch with a flame, symbolizing progress.

The second logo was the first to bear the name "Amoco". It featured an ellipse divided into three sections horizontally; the top and bottom were red, and the middle had a black background with white lettering.

Another logo was developed under Standard Oil. It featured the divided ellipse; however, the colors were, from top to bottom, red, white, and black. In addition, this logo featured the torch on the original logo, and was called the "Torch and Oval (T&O)." In parts of the country where the company could not use the name "Standard", the logo read "American". Standard Oil (Esso) was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ...

The next logo enhanced the previous one. It featured a blue bottom and a sleeker-looking torch. In addition, the word "Standard" become italicized and thicker. This was used by Midwestern station owners who had the option of using the Amoco name (more familiar in the East and South) or using the more familiar Standard name. Owners used it up until they were converted to BP or another brand. Midwest States (United States of America, ND to OH) The Midwest is a common name for a region of the United States of America. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... The U.S. Southern states or The South, known during the American Civil War era as Dixie, is a distinctive region of the United States with its own unique historical perspective, customs, musical styles, and cuisine. ...

The final Amoco logo simply changed the name on the logo to "Amoco". The logo featured the familiar torch and divided ellipse.

Currently, BP still employs the Amoco name, albeit under another logo. BP currently uses the logo under the main BP helios logo. The italicized word "Amoco" is shown after red, white, and blue horizontal stripes, taken from the divided ellipse of the former Amoco logo. This logo existed prior to the acquisition, and was used primarily on pumps and service station canopies. Since the merger, the black background has been replaced with green, to symbolize the new parent company.

One remnant of the Standard days is the company's premium services option, which is called the Torch Club.

Although a few Amoco stations still use their former logo, most have since been converted to the BP livery.

External links

• The History of Amoco
• Highways and Gas Stations- Amoco and Standard of Indiana Page
• The Richness of Discovery: Amoco's First 50 Years in Canada

References

• [3] "Crown name vanishing from Md. gas stations" by Hanah Cho, The Baltimore Sun, September 8, 2006. Retrieved September 8, 2006.

• "A Corporate History Rooted Deeply in Baltimore" by Martha Hamilton, The Washington Post, February 1, 1999. Retrieved September 8, 2006.

• BP Global (1999-2005). From the Midwest to Texas. Retrieved June 25, 2005.