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Encyclopedia > An Lushan

An Lushan (traditional Chinese: 安祿山; simplified Chinese: 安禄山; pinyin: Ān Lùshān) (ca. 703?[1] - 757) was a military leader of Sogdian-Turkic[2][3][4][5][6][7] or Iranian-Turkish[5] origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. He rose to prominence by defending the north eastern border from the Khitan during the Tang Dynasty between 744 and 755. Later, he precipitated the catastrophic An Shi Rebellion, which lasted from 755 to 763. heck yes. Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of the contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Events Births Deaths Empress Jito of Japan In Other Fields 703 is the area code for telephone numbers in the Northern Virginia region of the United States. ... Events March 9 - A major earthquake strikes Palestine and Syria Offa becomes king of Mercia. ... The Sogdians were an ancient people of Central Asia, who inhabited the region known to the West as Sogdiana. ... This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... For the band, see Tang Dynasty (band). ... Khitan may refer to: Khitan people Khitan language Khitan script Category: ... For the band, see Tang Dynasty (band). ... The An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763. ...


An Lushan is in fact the Sinicized version of the name An Rokhan. The first part is the family name, and the second part is the personal name. An Lushan real father was surnamed Kang, the prefix An belonged to his step-father, both were probably from the Sogdian Kingdom of Kang (康国)[8] and An (安国) situated around Samarkand and Bukhara.[1][9][10][2][4] The An are not to be confused with earlier Anxi, which had been established as a prefecture by the Chinese in 661.[11][9] Rokhan in the Sogdian language means "light" (related to the female name Roxana, borne by the Bactrian lady who married Alexander the Great). Sinicization, Sinicisation or Sinification, is the linguistic assimilation or cultural assimilation of terms and concepts into the language and culture of China. ... The Sogdians were an ancient people of Central Asia, who inhabited the region known to the West as Sogdiana. ... Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд, Persian: ‎ , Uzbek: , Russian: ), population 412,300 in 2005, is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. ... Bukhara (Tajik: Бухоро; Persian: , Buxârâ; Uzbek: ; Russian: ), from the Soghdian βuxārak (lucky place), is the fifth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat). ... The Chinese characters for Anxi. ... The Sogdian language is a Middle Iranian language spoken in Sogdiana (Zarafshan River Valley) in the modern day republics of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (chief cities: Samarkand, Panjikent, Ferghana). ... Roxana (Bactrian: Roshanak; literally midnight soul or nightmare), was a Bactrian noble and a wife of Alexander the Great. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ...

Sogdians, depicted on a Chinese Northern Qi stela, circa 550 CE. Guimet Museum.
Sogdians, depicted on a Chinese Northern Qi stela, circa 550 CE. Guimet Museum.

An Rokhan was part of a large population of expatriate Turks and Sogdians living in the frontier trade colonies of northwestern China. His step-father was a Bukharan sartapo (merchant) employed by the Turkic Khanate to administer their domains. At this time, many Sogdians were working as diplomats and administrators for the Turks. His mother was a full-blooded Turkic shaman, no doubt coerced into a political marriage. An was working as a sartapo in the market when he was accused of sheep theft and sentenced to death. He escaped from the city and joined the Tang army as a mercenary. By distinguishing himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, An rose through the ranks to become the military governor of Fanyang (now Hebei and Liaoning) as jiedushi of Manchuria. He was described as enormously fat, and became a favorite of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and his beloved concubine, the lady Yang Guifei. Through Yang's influence, he was appointed a duke and eventually was made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, each with a sizable army. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 550 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,122 × 1,224 pixels, file size: 569 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Guimet Museum caption File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 550 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,122 × 1,224 pixels, file size: 569 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Guimet Museum caption File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... The Northern Qi Dynasty was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577. ... Guimet in his museum. ... The Göktürks or Kök-Türks known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. ... A young waif steals a pair of boots “Stealing” redirects here. ... The Khitan (or Khitai, Chinese: ; pinyin: Qìdān) were an ethnic group which dominated much of Manchuria in the 11th century and has been classified by Chinese historians as one of the Eastern proto-Mongolic ethnic groups Donghu (東胡族 dōng hú zú). They established the Liao Dynasty in 907... Fanyang (Traditional Chinese:范陽) is an ancient city in Northern China, somewhere around the modern-day city of Beijing. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Liáoníng) is a northeastern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Jiedushi (T: 節度使 S: 节度使) were regional military governors in China during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Emperor Tang Xuanzong (唐玄宗) (September 8, 685 - May 3, 762), born Li Longji (李隆基), was the sixth emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. ... Yáng GuìfÄ“i (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), Yáng: (a common surname), GuìfÄ“i: highest-ranking imperial concubine (literally means precious princess consort), (June 1, 719 — July 15, 756), born Yáng Yùhuán (楊玉環), was one of the Four Beauties of ancient China. ...


He had good relations with Li Linfu, the high chancellor. But when the latter died, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong. Eventually, stung by repeated accusations of plotting treachery, An launched the An Lushan Rebellion in 755. That year marked the watershed of Tang power. An led an army of about 150,000 soldiers from Beijing and captured the eastern capital city of Luoyang in the fall of that year. Gross military incompetence by Chief Minister Yang Guozhong (Lady Yang's second cousin and An's accuser) then permitted the capture of the main Tang capital of Chang'an in 756, and An proclaimed himself emperor. However, in 757, he was murdered by his own son, after showing signs of extreme paranoia to those around him. It has been suggested that this was a symptom of acute diabetes, due to his obesity. Although his rebellion was eventually crushed, it forced the Tang to became overdependent on the goodwill of provincial governors and military commanders, thus irretrievably eroding the Tang's central authority. Li Linfu (李林甫) (d. ... Yang Guozhong (楊國忠 Pinyin: yang2 guo2 zhong1) (d. ... The Anshi Rebellion (安史之亂 pinyin: an1 shi3 zhi1 luan4) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763. ... Events Abd-ar-rahman I lands in Spain, where the next year he will establish a new Umayyad dynasty. ... Peking redirects here. ... Luoyang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Yang Guozhong (楊國忠 Pinyin: yang2 guo2 zhong1) (d. ... For other uses, see Changan (disambiguation). ... For the volcano in Indonesia, see Emperor of China (volcano). ...


Notes

  1. ^ a b Xu, Daoxun et al (1993). The Biography of Tang Xuanzong. Beijing: People's Press. ISBN 7-01-001210-5. p. 455-456
  2. ^ a b Yang, Zhijiu, "An Lushan". Encyclopedia of China (Chinese History Edition), 1st ed.
  3. ^ Lin, Tianwei, "An Lushan". Chinese Encyclopedia (Biography Edition), 1st ed.
  4. ^ a b Zhong, Han. Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia——With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). Journal of Chinese Historical Studies. 2005.1. ISSN 1002-7963.
  5. ^ a b According to Encyclopedia Britannica, he was a Iranian and Turkish (not Turkic) descent, but the source further mentioned that An's family name An was derived from the Chinese name for Bukhara in Sogdiana (present Uzbekistan). Source: Encyclopedia Britannica
  6. ^ Ebrey, Walthall, Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-13384-4.
  7. ^ Benn, Charles. 2002. China's Golden Age: Everyday Life in the Tang Dynasty. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517665-0.
  8. ^ The terminology 'Kang' which the Chinese used to refer Samarkand from 6th to 8th century might had been related to the earlier Kangju that mentioned under the Shiji, although there is no completely conclusive about this connection.
  9. ^ a b Xue, Zongzheng (1992). "A History of Turks". Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press. ISBN 7-5004-0432-8. p. 329, 602-606
  10. ^ Mu, Weisheng (2000). The Critical Biography of Guo Ziyi. ISBN 7-80628-406-0. p. 54
  11. ^ Yu Taishan (2nd Edition 2003). A Comprehensive History of Western Regions. Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou Guji Press. ISBN 7-5348-1266-6. p. 169

The Encyclopedia of China (Chinese: ) is the first large-scale encyclopedia in the Chinese language in the modern era. ... The Chinese Encyclopedia (Chinese: ) is a modern Chinese encyclopedia. ... This is the disambiguation page for the terms Turk, Turkey, Turkic, and Turkish. ... The Mazar of Shaikh Ahmad Yasavi in the town of Turkestan. ... The Records of the Grand Historian or the Records of the Grand Historian of China was the magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted Chinese history from the time of the mythical Yellow Emperor until his own time. ...

References

  • Mu, Weisheng (2000). The Critical Biography of Guo Ziyi. ISBN 7-80628-406-0.
  • Xu, Daoxun et al (1993). The Biography of Tang Xuanzong. Beijing: People's Press. ISBN 7-01-001210-5.
  • Xue, Zongzheng (1992). A History of Turks. Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press. ISBN 7-5004-0432-8.
  • Yu, Taishan (2nd Edition 2003). A Comprehensive History of Western Regions. Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou Guji Press. ISBN 7-5348-1266-6.
  • Yang, Zhijiu, "An Lushan". Encyclopedia of China (Chinese History Edition), 1st ed.
  • Benn, Charles. 2002. China's Golden Age: Everyday Life in the Tang Dynasty. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517665-0.
  • Ebrey, Walthall, Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-13384-4.
  • Lin, Tianwei, "An Lushan". Chinese Encyclopedia (Biography Edition), 1st ed.
  • Zhong, Han. Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia——With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). Journal of Chinese Historical Studies. 2005.1. ISSN 1002-7963.
  • E. G. Pulleyblank, The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-Shan, London: Oxford University Press (1955)
  • E. G. Pulleyblank, "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in Perry & Smith, Essays on T'ang Society, Leiden: E. J. Brill (1976)
  • Denis Twitchett (ed.), The Cambridge History of China, Volume 3, Sui and T'ang China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1979)

Xue Zongzheng (Chinese: , b. ... Yu Taishan (Chinese: , b. ... The Encyclopedia of China (Chinese: ) is the first large-scale encyclopedia in the Chinese language in the modern era. ... The Chinese Encyclopedia (Chinese: ) is a modern Chinese encyclopedia. ...

See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Lushan - definition of Lushan in Encyclopedia (194 words)
Lushan is the name of a region, and a mountain called Mount Lushan, in China's Jiangxi Province, located between Lake Boyang and the city of Jiujiang.
It is a popular domestic and foreign tourist attraction and hosts both the famous mountain resort town of Lushan and the Lushan National Geological Park (spanning five hunderd square kilomoters).
The resort town of Lushan (Kuling in English) was established in the late 1800s by and for European and American travellers, and is distinguished by the colonial architecture of its buildings.
An Lushan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (211 words)
An Lushan (Simplified Chinese: 安禄山; Pinyin: ān lùshān) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China.
An Roshan was part of a large population of expatriated Sogdians living in trade colonies in China.
He instigated the An Lushan Rebellion in 755 which marked the disintegration of the Tang's authority.
  More results at FactBites »

 

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