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Buddhism
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Image File history File links Lotus-buddha. ...
| | History
The History of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. ...
| | Timeline of Buddhism
Buddhist councils
563 BCE: SiddhÄrtha Gautama, Buddha-to-be, is born in Lumbini, Ancient India. ...
// 1st Buddhist council (5th century BC) The first Buddhist council was held soon after the death of the Buddha under the patronage of king Ajatasatru, and presided by a monk named Mahakasyapa, at Rajagaha (todays Rajgir). ...
| | Foundations
Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. ...
| | Four Noble Truths
Noble Eightfold Path
The Five Precepts
Nirvāṇa · Three Jewels
The Four Noble Truths (Pali: Chattari Arya Sachchhani, Chinese: å››è–諦 Sìshèngdì), being among the most fundamental Buddhist teachings, appear many times throughout the most ancient Buddhist texts, the Pali Canon. ...
The Dharma wheel, often used to represent the Noble Eightfold Path The Noble Eightfold Path (PÄli: , Ariyo aá¹á¹haá¹…giko maggo; Sanskrit: , Ä€rya á¹£á¹Äá¹…ga mÄrgaḥ; Chinese: å…«æ£é“, BÄzhèngdà o; Japanese: å…«æ£é“, HasshÅdÅ) is, in the Buddhist tradition as taught by the Buddha ÅšÄkyamuni, considered to be the...
The five precepts (Pali: Pañcasīla, Sanskrit: Pañcaśīla Ch: 五戒 wǔ jiè, Sinhala: පන්සිල්) constitute the basic Buddhist code of ethics, undertaken by lay followers of the Buddha Gautama. ...
(Devanagari , Pali: NibbÄna निबà¥à¤¬à¤¾à¤¨ -- Chinese: 涅槃; Pinyin: nièpán, Japanese: nehan, Thai: Nibpan นิพพาน ), is a Sanskrit word from India that literally means extinction (as in a candle flame) and/or extinguishing (i. ...
The Triratna or Three Jewels symbol, on a Buddha footprint. ...
| | Key Concepts
Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. ...
| | Three marks of existence
Skandha · Cosmology · Dharma
Saṃsāra · Rebirth · Shunyata
Pratitya-samutpada · Karma
After much meditation, the Buddha concluded that everything in the physical world (plus everything in the phenomenology of psychology) is marked by three characteristics, known as the three characteristics of existence or Dharma Seals. ...
The skandhas (Sanskrit: PÄli: Khandha; literally: heap or bundle) are the five constituents or aggregates through which the functioning and experience of an individual is created according to Buddhist phenomenology. ...
Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the universe according to the canonical Buddhist scriptures and commentaries. ...
Dharma (Sanskrit) or Dhamma (PÄli) in Buddhism has two primary meanings: the teachings of the Buddha which lead to enlightenment the constituent factors of the experienced world In East Asia, the character for Dharma is 法, pronounced fÇŽ in Mandarin and hÅ in Japanese. ...
SaṃsÄra, the Sanskrit and PÄli term for continous movement or continuous flowing refers in Buddhism to the concept of a cycle of birth (jÄti) and consequent decay and death (jarÄmaraṇa), in which all beings in the universe participate and which can only be escaped...
// Rebirth in the context of other religions and other Buddhist beliefs One of the features that distinguishes the Middle Eastern religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) from the Indian religions (most notably Hinduism and Buddhism) is the view of life and death. ...
ŚūnyatÄ, शूनà¥à¤¯à¤¤à¤¾ (Sanskrit, Pali: suññatÄ), or Emptiness, is a term for an aspect of the Buddhist metaphysical critique as well as Buddhist epistemology and phenomenology. ...
The doctrine of PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda (Sanskrit) or PaticcasamuppÄda (PÄli; Tibetan: ) Dependent Arising is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. ...
Karma (Sanskrit karman) or Kamma (PÄli) means action or doing; whatever one does, says, or thinks is a karma. ...
| | Major Figures
A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. ...
| | Gautama Buddha
Disciples · Nagarjuna
Guru Rinpoche · Bodhidharma Standing Buddha sculpture, ancient region of Gandhara, northern Pakistan, 1st century CE, Musée Guimet. ...
A statue depicting Nagarjuna at the Samye Ling Monastery, Dumfriesshire, Scotland NÄgÄrjuna (నాగారà±à°œà±à°¨ in Telugu, é¾æ¨¹ in Chinese) (c. ...
Guru Rinpoche - Padmasambhava statue - near Kulu Padmasambhava (also Padmakara or Padma Raja) (Ch: è“®è¯ç”Ÿä¸Šå¸«; Tib: Padma Jungne), in Sanskrit meaning lotus-born, founded the Tibetan or Tantric school of Buddhism in the 8th century. ...
Bodhidharma was the Buddhist monk (usually Indian by most accounts) is credited as the founder of Chan/Zen Buddhism in 6th century China. ...
| | Practices and Attainment
| | Buddhahood · Bodhisattva
Four Stages of Enlightenment
Paramis · Meditation · Laity
Media:Example. ...
In Buddhist thought, a bodhisattva (Pali: bodhisatta; Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: púsà ; Japanese: è©è–© bosatsu; Korean: ë³´ì‚´ bosal ; Tibetan changchub sempa (byang-chub sems-dpa); Vietnamese: Bồ Tát; Thai: พระโพธิสัตว์) is a being who is dedicated to assisting all sentient beings in achieving complete Buddhahood. ...
The four stages of enlightenment in Buddhism are the four degrees of approach to full enlightenment as an Arahant which a person can attain in this life. ...
Pāramitā (Sanskrit) or Parami (Pāli): Perfection or Transcendent (lit. ...
Buddhist meditation, meditation used in the practice of Buddhism, includes any method of meditation that has Enlightenment as its ultimate aim. The closest word for meditation in the classical languages of Buddhism is bhavana or mental development. // Methods of meditation The main methods of Buddhist meditation are divided into samatha...
In canonical Buddhism, householder refers to a particular strata of society whose individuals are typified by having a home life and family. ...
| | Regions
Buddhist beliefs and practices vary according to region. ...
| | Southeast Asia • East Asia
India • Sri Lanka • Tibet
Western Countries
Theravada (Pali; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada) is one of the eighteen (or twenty) Nikāya schools that formed early in the history of Buddhism. ...
The Aomori Daibutsu (Big Buddha), Aomori, Japan. ...
Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, the Himalayan region (including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim), Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia (Russia), and northeastern China (Manchuria: Heilongjiang, Jilin). ...
The Indo-Greek king Menander (155-130 BCE) is the first Western historical figure documented to have converted to Buddhism. ...
| | Schools
There are many divisions and subdivisions of the schools of Buddhism. ...
| | Theravāda · Mahāyāna
Vajrayāna · Early schools
Theravada (PÄli: theravÄda, Sanskrit: sthaviravÄda → English: The Way of the Elders) is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (about 70% of the population[1]) and continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and parts of southwest...
Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Divisions among the early Buddhist schools came about due to doctrinal or practical differences in the views of the Buddhist Sangha following the death of the Buddha. ...
| | Texts
There are a great variety of Buddhist texts. ...
| | Pali Canon · Mahayana Sutras
Tibetan Canon Standard edition of the Thai Pali Canon The Pali Canon is the standard scripture collection of the Theravada Buddhist tradition. ...
Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that began to be compiled from the first century BCE. They form the basis of the various Mahayana schools, and survive either as original texts in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit or as primary translations in Chinese and Tibetan, with...
The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of sacred texts recognized by various sects of Tibetan Buddhism. ...
| | Comparative Studies
Culture · List of Topics
Portal: Buddhism
The cultural elements of Buddhism vary by region and include: Buddhist cuisine Buddhist art Buddharupa Art and architecture of Japan Greco-Buddhism Tibetan Buddhist sacred art Buddhist music Buddhist chant Shomyo Categories: Buddhism-related stubs ...
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z The following is a List of Buddhist topics: A Abhidharma Ahimsa Ajahn Ajahn Chah Ajanta Aksobhya Alexandra David-Néel...
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 Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
This box: view • talk • edit | An Shih-kao (?-~168) (安世高; pinyin Ān Shígāo) was a prince of Parthia, nicknamed the "Parthian Marquis", who renounced his prospect as a contender for the royal throne of Parthia in order to serve as a Buddhist missionary monk. // Events Change of Han Huandi to Han Lingdi of Han Dynasty; first year of Jianning era. ...
It has been suggested that Pinyin_method be merged into this article or section. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, SiddhÄrtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by...
A missionary is traditionally defined as a propagator of religion who works to convert those outside that community; someone who proselytizes. ...
The prefix An in An Shih-kao's name is an abbreviation of Anxi (Ch:安息), meaning Parthia in ancient Chinese: Anxi is a transcription of "Arsaces", the founder of the Arsacid Dynasty of Parthia. Most Parthian visitors who took a Chinese name received the An prefix to indicate their Parthian origin. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Coin of Arsaces I. The reverse shows a seated archer carrying a bow. ...
Iran Under the Arsacid Dynasty. ...
In 148, An Shih-kao arrived in China at the Han Dynasty capital of Luoyang, where he set up a centre for the translation of Buddhist texts. He translated thirty-five texts from the Theravada and Mahayana schools of Buddhism, including works on meditation, psychology, and techniques of breath control. Events Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Athendodorus to Patriarch Euzois An Shih Kao arrives in China. ...
The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Han Chau; 206 BC–AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ...
Luoyang (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Luòyáng) is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ...
Theravada (PÄli: theravÄda, Sanskrit: sthaviravÄda → English: The Way of the Elders) is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka (about 70% of the population[1]) and continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and parts of southwest...
Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ...
An Shih-kao is the first Buddhist missionary to China to be named in Chinese sources. Another Parthian monk named An Hsuan is also said to have followed An Shih-kao at Loyang around 181 CE, where he took charge of translating Mahayana texts. Events Antonine Wall is overrun. ...
See also Lokaksema (Ch: 支谶, Zhi Chan). ...
The surname An (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) originated as an abbreviation of Anxi (Ch:安æ¯), meaning Parthia in ancient Chinese; Anxi is a transcription of Arsaces, the founder of the Arsacid Dynasty of Iranian Parthia. ...
References - E. Zurcher, The Buddhist Conquest of China. Leiden, 1959.
- A. Cotterell, From Aristotle to Zoroaster. 1998.
- R. C. Foltz, Spirituality in the Land of the Noble: How Iran Shaped the World's Religions. 2004.
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