Part of the Politics series on Anarchism Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... It has been suggested that Origins of anarchism and History of anarchism be merged into this article or section. ...
Schools of thought
Capitalist • Christian Collectivist • Communist Eco • Feminist Green • Individualist Mutualist • Primitivist Philosophical • Social Jewish • Syndicalist Without adjectives Image File history File links Anarchy-symbol. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... Christian anarchism is the belief that the only source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable is God, embodied in the teachings of Jesus. ... Left Anarchism is a term used almost exclusively by opponents of traditional anarchism to denominate philosophies that oppose private ownership of the means of production (or capitalism). ... Anarchist communism is a form of anarchism that advocates the abolition of the State and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which everyone will be free to satisfy his or her needs. ... Eco-anarchism argues that small eco-villages (of no more than a few hundred people) are a scale of human living preferable to civilization, and that infrastructure and political systems should be re-organized to ensure that these are created. ... Anarcha-feminism combines anarchism with feminism. ... Green anarchism is a set of related political theories that is derived from philosophical and social movements such as social ecologists, feminism, egoism, situationism, surrealism, the Luddites, Anarcho-primitivism, post- and anti-leftists, indigenous, anti-industrialism, and pre-civilized people. ... Individualist Anarchism is an anarchist philosophical tradition that has a strong emphasis on sovereignty of the individual[1] and is generally opposed to collectivism[2]. The tradition appears most often in the United States, most notably in regard to its advocacy of private property. ... Mutualism is an economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that in extreme laissez-faire, market competition will cause the market values (prices) of commodities and services to align with the amount of labor embodied in those things. ... Anarcho-primitivism is an anarchist critique of the origins and progress of civilization. ... Philosophical anarchism is a type of anarchism that sees the state as lacking moral legitimacy but does not recommend any immediate revolutionary action for its elimination. ... Social anarchism is a term self-applied by many anarchists of the libertarian socialist thread of anarchism. ... Freie Arbeiter Stimme, vol 1 no 4, Friday, July 25, 1890. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labour movement. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Anarchism in culture
Religion • Society • Arts History • Popular Education Criticisms This article discusses the anarchist critiques of society and proposed solutions from the anarchist perspective. ... Anarchism has long had an association with the arts, particularly in music and literature. ... Anarcho-primitivists assert that, for the longest period before recorded history, human society was organized on anarchist principles. ... Popular education is an educational technique designed to raise the consciousness of its participants and allow them to become more aware of how an individuals personal experiences are connected to larger societal problems. ... The theory and practice of anarchism has been controversial since it came to prominence in the 19th century. ...
Anarchist theory
Origins • Economics Anarchism and capitalism Anarchism and Marxism Co-operatives Symbolism • Post-left Especifismo • Platformism Propaganda of the deed Workers' self-management Long before anarchism emerged as a distinct perspective, human beings lived for thousand of years in societies without government. ... Though the libertarian socialist critique of capitalism is rooted in socialist theory, there are certain key distinctions in their critiques, which this article attempts to elucidate. ... Even though anarchist communism and Marxism are two very different political philosophies, there is some similarity between the methodology and ideology of some anarchists and some Marxists, and the history of the two have often been intertwined. ... A cooperative (also co-operative or co-op) is an association of persons who join together to carry on an economic activity of mutual benefit, in an egalitarian fashion. ... Post-left anarchy is a recent current in anarchist thought that promotes a critique of anarchisms relationship to traditional leftism. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Platformism is a tendency within the wider anarchist movement which shares an affinity with organising in the tradition of Nestor Makhnos Organizational Platform of the Libertarian Communists. ... Propaganda of the deed (or propaganda by the deed, from the French propagande par le fait) is a concept of anarchist origin, which appeared towards the end of the 19th century, that promoted terrorism against political enemies as a way of inspiring the masses and catalyzing revolution. ... Worker Self-Management is a form of workplace decision-making in which the employees themselves agree on choices (for issues like customer care, general production methods, scheduling, division of labour etc. ...
Anarchism by region
Africa • Austria • China English Tradition • France Greece • Mexico • Russia Spain • Sweden • Ukraine United States African Anarchism This article is about the historical and contemporary Anarchist movement in Africa. ... In English speaking countries, anarchist ideas and practises initially developed within the context of radical Whiggery and Protestant religious dissent. ...
Anarchism lists
Anarchists • Books Communities • Concepts Organizations Anarchist Daniel Guérin, Anarchism Robert Graham Anarchism. ... This is a list of anarchist communities, past and present. ... These are concepts which, although not exclusive to anarchism, are significant in historical and/or modern anarchist circles. ... This list uses the word organization in its loosest sense. ...
Anarchism Portal Politics Portal ·  v • d • e

Anarchist economics entails theory and practice relating to economic activity within the philosophical outlines of anarchism. Anarchists (most notably anarcho-syndicalists and anarcho-communists) primarily oppose capitalism because they claim that its characteristic institutions promote and reproduce various forms of oppression, including private property, hierarchical production relations, collecting rents from private property, taking a profit in exchanges, and collecting interest on loans. Individualist anarchists are mutualist rather than collectivist or communist; they support possessive property rights but oppose usury - defining usury as profit from others' labor through rent, capital, interest, and wage-labor not paid "full" price. Finally, anarcho-capitalists fully support capitalism, but only the totally free-market laissez-faire kind. It has been suggested that Origins of anarchism and History of anarchism be merged into this article or section. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labour movement. ... Anarchist communism is a form of anarchism that advocates the abolition of the State and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which everyone will be free to satisfy his or her needs. ... Capitalism generally refers to an economic system in which the means of production are mostly privately[1] owned and operated for profit, and in which distribution, production and pricing of goods and services are determined in a largely free market. ... Individualist Anarchism is an anarchist philosophical tradition that has a strong emphasis on sovereignty of the individual[1] and is generally opposed to collectivism[2]. The tradition appears most often in the United States, most notably in regard to its advocacy of private property. ... Mutualism is an economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that in extreme laissez-faire, market competition will cause the market values (prices) of commodities and services to align with the amount of labor embodied in those things. ... Of Usury, from Brants Stultifera Navis (the Ship of Fools); woodcut attributed to Albrecht Dürer Usury (//, from the Medieval Latin usuria, interest or excessive interest, from Latin usura interest) was defined originally as charging a fee for the use of money. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... Laissez-faire is short for laissez faire, laissez passer, a French phrase meaning to let things alone, let them pass. First used by the eighteenth century Physiocrats as an injunction against government interference with trade, it is now used as a synonym for strict free market economics. ...

Anarchist Critique of Capitalism

Main article: Anarchism and capitalism

Though the libertarian socialist critique of capitalism is rooted in socialist theory, there are certain key distinctions in their critiques, which this article attempts to elucidate. ...

Alternative Theories of Value and Currency

Many anarchists advocate the abolition of money, but others call for a replacement of it with new value systems, still others, such as Benjamin Tucker, want simply the end of the government money monopoly, i.e. privatization of minting and banking and the repeal of legal tender laws. Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ...

Gift Economy

Gift economies are those based of free distribution of goods and services. Anarcho-communists are the main proponents of such. However many times this is said to refer to a planned economy which ensures everyone's needs are satisfied in a way that allows a good quality of life (the kind of planning advocated by most if not all anarchocommunists differs from that of firms and the so called command economies in that it is democratic and voluntary). There are a number of variations on the concept, but they are centered on the notion of "From each according to ability to each according to need". Primitivists also advocate this kind of economy (although they believe that it is not possible with current modes of production and thus advocate a return to pre-industrial and often pre-agricultural modes of production). A gift economy is an economic system in which the prevalent mode of exchange is for goods and services to be given without explicit agreement upon a quid pro quo (the Latin term for the concept of a favor for a favor). Typically, this occurs in a cultural context where... Anarcho-Communism, or Libertarian Communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. ... Primitivism is an artistic movement which originated as a reaction to the Enlightenment. ...

Labor Theory of Value

A labor theory of value (LTV) was notably advanced in different forms by David Ricardo and Karl Marx. Ricardo held that the relative prices of most reproduceable goods and services were proportional to the amount of present and past labor time required to obtain, manufacture, process, distribute, and transport them. Marx's "Law of Value" is often interpreted as an analytic device elucidating the ways in which capitalism as a whole distributes socially necessary abstract labour time, while revealing that an important characteristic of commodities and their value relations is commodity fetishism obscuring an underlying reality of exploitative social relations. The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory in classical economics concerning the value of an exchangeable good or service. ... David Ricardo (April 18, 1772 – September 11, 1823), a political economist, is often credited with systematising economics, and was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, and Adam Smith. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was a German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... Socially necessary labour time in Marxist political economy is the source of all value. ... In Marxist theory, commodity fetishism is an inauthentic state of social relations, said to arise in complex capitalist market systems, where social relationships are confused with their medium, the commodity. ...

Recently, some local currencies have taken on LTV characteristics by having a currency based on time although participants are not primarily anarchists. Critics point out that in many of these Time-dollar based currencies, it is really easy to inflate the currency, that there is no way to ensure that people are not paid more than an HOUR per hour, and conversely it ignores factors like value-added work (work that incorporates past labor in order to perform, such as the time spent by a dentist in school). One of the reasons that the IRS has chosen not to tax local currencies is that they are used for charitable purposes, such as community-building. In economics, a local currency, in its common usage, is a currency not backed by a national government (and not legal tender), and intended to trade only in a small area. ... The Ithaca Hour is an example of time-based currency. ... In mainstream economics, the word “inflation” refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. ... . The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the United States government agency that collects taxes and enforces the tax laws. ...

Some anarchists are interested in LTV currency systems because they make complex free market, fair trade systems possible, although in their current practices they are not applicable for anything other than local (ie. town-sized) economies. Detractors argue that the definition of a free market precludes usage of a normative pricing system, but some anarchist point out that since participation in an LTV currency network is voluntary, any LTV system is merely another choice in a free market of markets. A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... Certified Fair trade quinoa producers in Ecuador. ... In philosophy, normative is usually contrasted with positive, descriptive or explanatory when describing types of theories, beliefs, or statements. ...

Energy Theory of Value

The theory that all values can be evaluated in terms of joules. In the same vein as LTV, this is an attempt to make a normative basis for value by accounting for embodied energy. Accounting for such a system would be vastly more complex than current or other theoretical currency systems because all energy output of workers and energy expenditure on goods/services must be tracked (something that is thought impossible and useless by many anarchists). The joule (symbol J, also called newton metre, or coulomb volt) is the SI unit of energy and work. ... There appear to be a number of different understandings of the term embodied energy. ...

One group that has advocated a system using energy is the Technocratic movement with a system based on energy-credits where energy is used to "buy" a product or service without being exchanged, so the effect is that products or services are distributed to the user without gain by the provider (who has the same amount of energy in his or her account regardless) so allegedly making profit impossible. A sign on the outskirts of a Depression-era town proclaims regular Monday meetings of the local branch of Technocracy. ... An energy-credit, sometimes called an energy certificate, is a hypothetical unit of currency used in a technocracy, or technate as the movement likes to call it. ...

Examples of Anarchist Economies

Utopia (sometimes known as Trialville) was an individualist anarchist colony begun in 1847, by Josiah Warren and associates, in the United States on a tract of land approximately 30 miles from Cincinnati, Ohio. see also: mutualism and Cincinnati Time Store. For other meanings of Utopia, see Utopia (disambiguation) Utopia (sometimes known as Trialville) was an individualist anarchist colony begun in 1847, by Josiah Warren and associates, in the United States on a tract of land approximately 30 miles from Cincinnati, Ohio. ... In politics, individualist anarchism is a variety of anarchism that emphasises the importance of the individual. ... Josiah Warren was the first American individualist market anarchist Josiah Warren (1798-1874) was an individualist anarchist, inventor, musician, and author in the United States. ... Nickname: The Queen City Location in Hamilton County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio County Hamilton Founded 1788 Incorporated 1802 (village) - 1819 (city) Government type Strong mayor  - Mayor Mark L. Mallory (D) Area    - City  79. ... Ant-aphid mutualism: the aphids are protected against predators by the ants who cultivate the aphids for their secretions of honeydew, a food source. ... The Cincinnati Time Store was a successful retail store that was created by American individualist anarchist Josiah Warren to test his theories that were based on his strict interpretation of the labor theory of value. ...

The anarchist collectives formed during the Spanish Civil War is the most famous example of an anarchist economy operating on a large scale. The collectives were formed under the influence of the anarcho-syndicalist union the CNT in rural and urban areas and successfully practised self-management for a number of years in extremely difficult economic and political circumstances. Other examples of self-management include the factory committee movement during the Russian Revolution and the workplace occupations in Argentina during its crisis at the turn of the 21st century. Attempts at forming co-operatives also appeared during the Paris Commune of 1871 and the Italian Factory Occupations of 1920. This article is about the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... Anarcho-syndicalist flag. ... A Trade Union (Labour union) ... is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. ... The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labour or CNT), founded in Barcelona, Spain, in 1910, was at one time that countrys largest labour union. ... Self-Management is the process by which computer systems shall manage their own operation without human intervention. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... Le Père Duchesne looking at the statue of Napoleon I on top of the Vendome column: Eh ben ! bougre de canaille, on va donc te foutre en bas comme ta crapule de neveu !… (Here! savage rascal, we will put you down just like your crook of a nephew!…) The...

It has also been sugested that Chiapas under Zapatista rule exercises a working anarcho-socialist economy. Chiapas is a state in the southeast of Mexico. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Theoretical Anarchist Economic Systems

Participatory Economics

Main article: Parecon

Michael Albert and Robin Hahnel began to write about Parecon in the 1980's. This work builds on their earlier critiques of both market-based and centrally planned economies suggesting instead allocation by participatory planning created by the democratic interaction of a network of production and consumption councils. Parecon is a market abolitionist theory. Though not strictly an "anarchist" idea, its core features of decentralized democratic planning, institutions and remuneration based upon egalitarian norms and self-management, balanced job roles, environmental responsibility, and social efficiency, appeals to many anarchists. Participatory economics, or parecon, a participatory economics system proposed as an alternative to other systems such as capitalism and coordinatorism, emerged from the work of the radical theorist Michael Albert and of the radical economist Robin Hahnel, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s. ... Categories: Stub | 1947 births | 20th Century philosophers | U.S. philosophers ... A photo of Robin Hahnel Robin Hahnel is a Professor of Economics at American University. ... Participatory economics, often abbreviated parecon, is a proposed economic system that uses participatory decision making as an economic mechanism to guide the allocation of resources and consumption in a given society. ... Market abolitionism is a belief that the market, in the economic sense, should be completely eliminated from society. ...

Mutualism

Main article: Mutualism (economic theory)

Mutualism is a political and economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that when labor or its product is sold, it ought to receive in exchange, an equal amount of labor or a product that required the same amount of labor to produce (receiving anything less is considered exploitation, theft of labor, or "usury"). Mutualists believe that a natural economic consequence of a truly laissez-faire economy, would be that income to individuals would be proportional to the amount of labor they exert. Mutualists oppose the idea of individuals receiving an income through loans, investments, and rent, as they believe these individuals are not laboring. They hold that that if state intervention ceased that these types of incomes would disappear. Mutualism is an economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that in extreme laissez-faire, market competition will cause the market values (prices) of commodities and services to align with the amount of labor embodied in those things. ...

Technological LTV Networks

A revision of LTV that incorporates information technology, cryptography, and open-source software to create a medium of exchange that precludes all forms of usury and thus requires no oversight or ideological guidance. In contrast to Parecon, there is no planned economy because users of the system will approve of labor that they feel is necessary and so production happens as people fill the labor market as they will. The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory in classical economics concerning the value of an exchangeable good or service. ... Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)is: the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write) is the study of message secrecy. ... Open source software refers to computer software available with its source code and under an open source license. ... This box:      A planned economy is an economic system in which a single agency makes all decisions about the production and allocation of goods and services. ...

Crucial to this system is the premise that money (credit for work done) can be improved with the addition of identity, information, and transparency, i.e. all credits created are associated with a particular individual (they are non-transferable), they inform users of the work done to create it, and can be viewed by any user on the system. The ASCII codes for the word Wikipedia represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information. ... In the physical sciences, specifically in optics, a transparent physical object is one that can be seen through. ...

There are no specifications for how decisions are made within these Technological LTV Systems - each one is tasked to create its own ruleset. Joining such a network would be akin to signing a contract or EULA so revision of rulesets would resemble the open-source paradigm of updating software and having the user agree to a new ruleset. Decision making would then be implicit in any user's ability to participate in the revision of the system software, even though this approach could be elitist. A software license is a type of proprietary or gratiuitious license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software — sometimes called an End User License Agreement (EULA) — that specifies the perimeters of the permission granted by the owner to the... It has been suggested that Open source culture be merged into this article or section. ...

Prices on goods and services would be evaluated by the amount of credit earned by laborers involved--requiring that every individual item or service be tracked. Production then represents a mirror of the credit creation, so physical items would require their "negative" credit to be cancelled by a person wishing to own it. Since income distribution would be relatively flat in this system, it is hoped that most of the problems of capitalist accumulation and class structure will be avoided.

Panarchist Synthesis

This is the theory that all alternative economic systems could exist simultaneously. Though it may imply accepting a greater complexity of day-to-day living, anarchists predicate this overlapping of systems on the removal of states and corporations, and the presence of multiple currency paradigms. In effect, this would be analogous, on an individual level, to having various subscriptions or club memberships--a level of complexity surpassed by the average American middle-class consumer that holds several credit cards with various debts, owes mortage and car payments, and so forth. The subscription business model is a business model that has long been used by magazines and record clubs, but the application of this model is spreading. ...

The motive to adopt a panarchist approach to economics is the theory that not all goods, services, or resources are best exchanged/regulated within a single system, i.e. energy production is best tracked in kilowatt-hours, but collectible items have highly subjective values and therefore require a different exchange medium. Even Parecon could be incorporated in this approach.

Laissez-faire capitalism

Main article: anarcho-capitalism

Separation of economics and State is the goal of anarcho-capitalists. They want an economy free from any coercive regulation or control. Anarcho-capitalists generally see the State as the cause of all monopoly. Anarcho-capitalists reject the labor theory of value as flawed and archaic. Thus, like most modern economists, they do not believe that there is any proper price for labor or goods other than what someone is willing to pay. According to Murray Rothbard, in an interview with New Banner, "capitalism is the fullest expression of anarchism, and anarchism is the fullest expression of capitalism."^[1] The place of anarcho-capitalism within anarchism is hotly debated. Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ... It has been suggested that Origins of anarchism and History of anarchism be merged into this article or section. ...

Economics as Anarchist Strategy

Some anti-capitalist anarchists believe that it is not radical political activity that will transform society, but radical economic activity that will make true change. They regard boycotts, consumer advocacy, and class-action lawsuits to be merely liberal actions that do not address the core problem which is capitalism itself. Look up Boycott in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... ... In law, a class action is an equitable procedural device used in litigation for determining the rights of and remedies, if any, for large numbers of people whose cases involve common questions of law and fact. ...

Some anarchists believe that changing the nature of work itself is the crux of defeating capitalism. Parecon addresses the division of labor question by advocating balanced job complexes wherein all workers at a production facility share in all aspects of labor, i.e. everyone takes part in labor, management, maintenance, and all related work in order to ensure equality and that skills are shared amongst workers Look up work in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Participatory economics, or parecon, a participatory economics system proposed as an alternative to other systems such as capitalism and coordinatorism, emerged from the work of the radical theorist Michael Albert and of the radical economist Robin Hahnel, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s. ... Division of labour is the breakdown of labour into specific, circumscribed tasks for maximum efficiency of output in the context of manufacturing. ...

Some anarchists believe that changing personal consumption habits to minimize (or eliminate entirely) involvement in the prevailing capitalist economy is essential to practicing anarchism in their lives. Withdrawing from the system by living on scavenged, stolen, or scammed resources is often touted by situationists, such as CrimethInc., as a viable means of survival and non-participation in the system. Many anarchists support counter-economics, that is, participating in the "black" illegal market. Situationist, Situationism refers to a cultural praxis developed by the Situationist International (SI), a very small group of international, political and artistic agitators with roots in Marxism and the early twentieth century European artistic avant garde. ... CrimethInc. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...

Use of alternative currencies is growing, largely due to digital currencies offered on the internet, and availability of software to manage local currency systems like LETS.. Since States cannot collect taxes and revenue through use of alternative currencies they will theoretically lose power to the point of collapse. Some of these alternative currencies are designed to prevent usury, others are designed simply as alternatives to state-issued fiat money, as a hedge against inflation. Thus alternative currencies range from labor-time notes to specie-backed warehouse receipts. Three popular alternative currencies are: community currency, local currency, and time-based currency. Alternative currency is a term that refers to any currency used as an alternative to the dominant national or multinational currency systems (usually referred to as national or fiat money). ... Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) are local, non-profit exchange networks in which all kinds of goods and services can be traded without the need for money. ... Of Usury, from Brants Stultifera Navis (the Ship of Fools); woodcut attributed to Albrecht Dürer Usury (//, from the Medieval Latin usuria, interest or excessive interest, from Latin usura interest) was defined originally as charging a fee for the use of money. ... In economics, a local currency is a currency not backed by a national government, and intended to trade only in a small area. ... In economics, a local currency, in its common usage, is a currency not backed by a national government (and not legal tender), and intended to trade only in a small area. ... The Ithaca Hour is an example of time-based currency. ...

Further reading

Books

• Albert, Michael Parecon: Life After Capitalism. W. W. Norton & Company (April, 2003). ISBN 1-85984-698-X
• Dolgoff, Sam, editor, The Anarchist Collectives: Workers' Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution. Montreal: Black Rose Books. ISBN 0-919618-21-9
• Dolgoff, Sam The Relevance of Anarchism to Modern Society . Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1989.
• Kropotkin, Peter Fields Factories and Workshops (The Collected Works of Peter Kropotkin, V. 9) Black Rose Books (January 1, 1996). ISBN 1-895431-38-7
• Kropotkin, Peter The Conquest of Bread . New York: New York University Press.
• Leval, Gastón Collectives in the Spanish Revolution . London: Freedom Press. ISBN 0-900384-11-5
• G.P. Maximoff, Program of Anarcho-Syndicalism. (extract from his Constructive Anarchism, published in English in 1952; this section is not included in the only edition of the work now in print.) Sydney: Monty Miller Press, 1985
• Proudhon, Pierre What Is Property? (B. Tucker, translator). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-40556-4

Articles

• Open Source Currency - article by Douglas Rushkoff on The Feature Archives
• The Future of Payment Systems - discussion paper by Bernard Lietaer (the chapter on Complementary Currency Systems starts on page 23)

See also

Concepts

• currency
• economics
• free store
• free trade
• fair trade
• Inclusive Democracy
• safe trade
• commodity markets
• market share
• supply and demand
• time-based currency

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Free store is a shop, mostly inspired by anarchist ideas. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... Certified Fair trade quinoa producers in Ecuador. ... The theoretical project of Inclusive Democracy (ID; as distinguished from the political project which is part of the democratic and autonomy traditions) emerged from the work of political philosopher, former academic and activist Takis Fotopoulos in Towards An Inclusive Democracy, Cassell/Continuum, London/New York, 1997, 401 pp. ... Safe trade is a concept advocated by Greenpeace, some indigenous peoples (particularly those who feel threatened by the imposition of a monoculture) and by some elements of the anti-globalization movement. ... Chicago Board of Trade Futures market Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged. ... Market share, in strategic management and marketing, is the percentage or proportion of the total available market or market segment that is being serviced by a company. ... The supply and demand model describes how prices vary as a result of a balance between product availability at each price (supply) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand). ... The Ithaca Hour is an example of time-based currency. ...

Ideologies

• anarchism
• autonomism
• capitalism
• marginalism
• anarcho-communism
• mutualism
• communism
• anarcho-syndicalism
• syndicalism
• primitivism
• EcoCommunalism

It has been suggested that Origins of anarchism and History of anarchism be merged into this article or section. ... For other meanings of autonomism, see autonomism (disambiguation) page Raised fist, stenciled protest symbol of Autonome at the Ernst-Kirchweger-Haus in Vienna, Austria Autonomism refers to a set of left-wing political and social movements and theories close to the socialist movement. ... Capitalism generally refers to an economic system in which the means of production are mostly privately[1] owned and operated for profit, and in which distribution, production and pricing of goods and services are determined in a largely free market. ... Marginalism is the use of marginal concepts within economics. ... Anarcho-Communism, or Libertarian Communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. ... Mutualism is an economic theory or system, largely associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, based on a labor theory of value which holds that in extreme laissez-faire, market competition will cause the market values (prices) of commodities and services to align with the amount of labor embodied in those things. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labour movement. ... Syndicalism refers to a set of ideas, movements, and tendencies which share the avowed aim of transforming capitalist society through action by the working class on the industrial front. ... Primitivism is an artistic movement which originated as a reaction to the Enlightenment. ... Eco-Communalism is an environmental philosophy based on ideals of simple living, local economies, and self-sufficiency (often associated with the ideologies of socialism, communalism, and sustainability). ...

Theories

• Labor theory of value
• Subjective theory of value
• General equilibrium
• Austrian school
• Community-based economics
• Anthropological theories of value

The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory in classical economics concerning the value of an exchangeable good or service. ... Economic subjectivism is the theory that value is a feature of the appraiser and not of the thing being valued. ... General Equilibrium (linear) supply and demand curves. ... The Austrian School, also known as “the Vienna School” and as “the Psychological School”, is a school of economic thought that advocates adherence to strict methodological individualism. ... Community-based economics or just community economics encourages local substitution and a rejection of outside energy subsidy and coercion. ... Anthropological theories of value attempt to expand on the traditional theories of value used by economists or ethicists. ...

People

• Karl Marx
• David Ricardo
• Michael Albert
• Robin Hahnel
• Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
• Benjamin Tucker
• Peter Kropotkin
• Alexander Berkman
• Alfie Kohn
• Silvia Federici

Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was a German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... David Ricardo (April 18, 1772 – September 11, 1823), a political economist, is often credited with systematising economics, and was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, and Adam Smith. ... Categories: Stub | 1947 births | 20th Century philosophers | U.S. philosophers ... A photo of Robin Hahnel Robin Hahnel is a Professor of Economics at American University. ... Pierre Joseph Proudhon. ... Benjamin Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was the leading proponent of American individualist anarchism in the 19th century. ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Alexander Berkman together with Emma Goldman in 1917 Alexander Berkman (November 21, 1870 - June 28, 1936) was a Russian immigrant who became an American writer, radical anarchist, and would-be assassin. ... Alfie Kohn Alfie Kohn is an American lecturer and author in the fields of education, psychology and parenting, residing in Belmont, Massachusetts. ... Silvia Federici is described as an Autonomist and Feminist. ...

External links

Alternative Currency

• Complementary Currencies
• Helger Lipmaa's links on electronic cash
• NeuMoNe (The Neutral Money Network)
• LETS Systems
• OpenMoney Project

Ostensibly Anarchist

• Institute for Social Ecology
• Infoshop.org on Money & Economics
• Participatory Economics
• Libertarian Communist Library Economics Section
• The Alternatives To Wall St. Project and Democratic Retirement Systems.

General Left-Wing Economic Reporting

• Dollars & Sense - "The Magazine of Economic Justice"
• Left Business Observer - "accumulation & its discontents"
• Left Turn - "Notes from the Global Intifada"
• Financial Sense
• Industrial Workers of the World - Industrial Worker newspaper