The Sultanate of Rûm (ie. "Rome in Asia" because it comprised the Roman provinces recently conquered from the Byzantine Empire) was a Seljuk sultanate in Anatolia from 1077 to 1307. The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of... A sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic monarch ruling under the terms of shariah. ... Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... Events January 26 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea Süleyman I of Rüm becomes the leader of the Sultanate of... Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ...

Establishment

In the 1070s, Süleyman Ibn Kutalmish, a distant cousin of Malik Shah, the ruler of the Great Seljuks, rose to power in western Anatolia. In 1075, Süleyman captured the Byzantine cities of Nicaea (Iznik) and Nicomedia (Izmit). In defiance of Malik Shah, he declared himself sultan in 1077 and established the capital at Nicaea. The conquered territories collectively became known as Rûm, or Rome, because the lands had comprised the heart of the recruiting grounds for the imperial forces of Constantinople, known at the time as the Roman Empire. Centuries: 10th century - 11th century - 12th century Decades: 1020s 1030s 1040s 1050s 1060s - 1070s - 1080s 1090s 1100s 1110s 1120s Years: 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 Significant Events and Trends: 1071 Byzantine Empire loses Battle of Manzikert to Turkish army. ... Jalal ad-Dawlah Malik Shah was the Seljuk sultan from 1072 to 1092. ... Events Revolt of the Earls. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Iznik (formerly Nicaea) is a city in Anatolia (now part of Turkey) which is known primarily as the site of two major meetings (or Ecumenical councils) in the early history of the Christian church. ... Iznik (which derives from the former Greek name, Nicaea) is a city in Turkey which is known primarily as the site of two major meetings (or Ecumenical councils) in the early history of the Christian church. ... Nicomedia (modern Ä°zmit, also known as Iznik) was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus (which opens on the Propontis) in 264 BC. The city has ever since been one of the chief towns in this part of Asia Minor. ... Ä°zmit (also known as Kocaeli; previously known as Ismid or Isnikmid) is a city in the northwestern part of Anatolia, Turkey. ... Events January 26 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea Süleyman I of Rüm becomes the leader of the Sultanate of... Map of Constantinople. ...

The Sultanate expanded, but then Süleyman was killed in Antioch (Antakya) in 1086 by Tutush I, the Seljuk ruler of Syria, and Süleyman's son Kilij Arslan(Kılıç Arslan in Turkish meaning 'Sword Lion') was imprisoned. When Malik Shah died in 1092, Kilij Arslan was released and immediately re-conquered his father's territories. He was eventually beaten by Crusaders in 1097 and driven back into Anatolia, where he established his state around Iconium (Konya). In 1107 he captured Mosul but died the same year fighting Mehmed Tapar, son of Malik Shah. Antioch on the Orontes (Greek: Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη, Αντιόχεια ή επί Ορόντου or Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη; Latin: Antiochia ad Orontem, also Antiochia dei Siri), the Great Antioch or Syrian Antioch was an ancient city located on the eastern side (left bank) of the Orontes River about 30 km from the sea and its port, Seleucia of Pieria (Suedia, now Samanda... Events Domesday Book is completed in England Emperor Shirakawa of Japan starts his cloistered rule Imam Ali Mosque is rebuilt by the Seljuk Malik Shah I after being destroyed by fire. ... Abu Said Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I (died in 1095) was the Seljuk ruler (probably sultan or emir) of Damascus from 1079 to 1095, succeeding Abaaq al-Khwarazmi. ... Dawud Kılıj Arslan ibn Süleyman ibn Kutalmish (in Turkish Kılıç Arslan, قلج أرسلان Qïlïj Arslān d. ... Events May 9 - Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated. ... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Events Edgar I deposes Donald III to become king of Scotland. ... Tomb of Mevlana Rumi is a popular attraction of Konya. ... Events William Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... , Tigris River and bridge in Mosul Mosul (Arabic: , Kurdish: Mûsil, Syriac: NînÄ›wâ, Turkish: Musul) is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of Ninawa Governorate. ... Ghiyath ad-Din Mehmed Tapar (probably died in 1118) was a Seljuk leader who revolted against Sultan Ahmed Sanjar in 1104. ...

Konya had been captured by another Malik Shah but was taken by Kiliç Arslan's son Mas'ud in 1116 with the help of the Danishmends whose land eventually was included in the sultanate. At the death of Mas'ud in 1156 the realm included almost all of Anatolia. Izz ad-Din Kiliç Arslan II (1156–1192), the son of Mas'ud, conquered the last remnants of the Danishmends in 1174 after the death of Nur ad-Din, who had proclaimed eastern Anatolia and Armenia a protectorate. A Byzantine invasion of Manuel I Comnenus was thwarted at the Battle of Myriocephalon on September 17, 1176. The German warriors of the Third Crusade occupied Konya in 1190. With the foundation, in 1198, of the Crusader State of Cilicia (Armenia Minor), the sultans of Konya had got a Christian neighbor. Rukn ad-Din Masud (died in 1156) was the Seljuk sultan of Rüm (Anatolia) from 1116 until his death. ... Events Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China Construction starts on the Chennkesava temple The Aztecs leave Aztlán searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán and later Mexico City Births Deaths... The Danishmend dynasty was a Turcoman dynasty ruling in eastern Anatolia in the 11th and 12th centuries. ... Events Prince Yuriy Dolgorukiy fortifies Moscow, regarded as the date of the founding of the city Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi... Events Prince Yuriy Dolgorukiy fortifies Moscow, regarded as the date of the founding of the city Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi... // Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... Events Vietnam is given the official name of Annam by China. ... al-Malik al-Adil Nur ad-Din Abu al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn Imad ad-Din Zangi (1118 – May 15, 1174), also known as Nur ed-Din, Nur al-Din, etc. ... Manuel I Comnenus (Greek: Μανουήλ Α ο Κομνηνός; November 28, 1118 – September 24, 1180), was a Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean. ... The Battle of Myriokephalon, also known as Myriocephalum, was a battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks in Phrygia on September 17, 1176. ... September 17 is the 260th day of the year (261st in leap years). ... Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel... The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. ... Events March 16 - Massacre and mass-suicide of the Jews of York, England prompted by Crusaders and Richard Malebys kill 150-500 Jews in Cliffords Tower June 10 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowned in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Toba of Japan Emperor Tsuchimikado ascends to the throne of Japan January 8 - Pope Innocent III ascends Papal Throne Frederick II, infant son of German King Henry VI, crowned King of Sicily Births August 24 - Alexander II of Scotland (d. ... The Crusader states, c. ... Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (Κιλικία) was the name of a region, now known as Çukurova, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (sometimes referred to as Armenia Minor) was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus, whom they regard as a/the Christ. ...

After the death of the last sultan of Great Seljuk, Toğrül III, in 1194, the Seljuks of Rüm became the sole representatives of the dynasty. Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau I seized Konya in 1205 and proclaimed himself sultan for the second time of his life. Under the rule of Kay Khusrau and his two successors, Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us I (1211–1220) and Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I (1220–1237), the Seljuks of Rüm reached the zenith of their power. Kay Khusrau's most important achievement being the capture of the harbour of Attalia (Antalya) on the Mediterranean coast in 1207. Kay Ka'us captured Sinope and made Trebizond a vassal in 1214 and subjugated Cilicia, though he was forced to surrender Aleppo to Saladin in 1218. Kay Qubadh conquered the Mediterranean coast from the Byzantines in 1221 to 1225. In 1225 he also sent an expeditionary force across the Black Sea to Crimea. In the east he defeated the Mangujakids and Artuqids. Events November 20 - Palermo falls to Henry VI, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire December 25 - Henry VI is crowned king of Sicily. ... Kay Khusrau I, one of the sons of Izz ad-Din Kılıj Arslan II, was a Seljuk sultan of Rüm. ... // Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope... // Events Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders. ... Antalyas historical yacht harbour Antalya is the capital city of the Antalya Province, located on the Gulf of Antalya on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Events Stephen Langton consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury June 17 by Pope Innocent III Births September 8 - King Sancho II of Portugal October 1 - King Henry III of England (d. ... Sinope was an ancient city on the Black Sea, in the region of Galatia, modern-day Sinop, Turkey. ... Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey. ... Events Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Cilicia as Roman province, 120 AD In Antiquity, Cilicia (Κιλικία) was the name of a region, now known as Çukurova, and often a political unit, on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... Old Town Aleppo viewed from the Citadel Aleppo is also the name of two townships in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Saladin. ... // Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. ... // Events May 13 - End of the reign of Emperor Juntoku, emperor of Japan Emperor ChÅ«kyō briefly reigns over Japan Former Emperor Go-Toba leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the Kamakura Shogunate Emperor Go-Horikawa ascends to the throne of Japan January - Mongol Army under Jochi captures the city of... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... Map of the Black Sea. ... Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Capital Simferopol Largest cities Simferopol, Eupatoria, Kerch, Theodosia, Yalta Official language Ukrainian. ... The Ortoqid dynasty was an Oghuz Turk dynasty that ruled in the Jezirah (northern Iraq) in the 11th and 12th centuries. ...

Downfall

Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II (1237–1246) began his reign by conquering the realm of Amida (Diyarbakir), but in 1239 he had to face an upspring led by the popular preacher Baba Ishaq. After three years, when he had finally quelled the revolt, Crimea was lost and the state and army was weakened. Now, Kay Khusrau had to face a far more dangerous threat, the Mongols. They took Erzurum in 1242 and in 1243 the sultan was crushed by Bayju at the Battle of Köse Dag (a mountain between Sivas and Erzincan) and the Seljuks became Mongol vassals. The sultan fled to Antalya, where he died in 1246. // Events Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Saga, emperor of Japan. ... Diyarbakir (Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ; Greek: Amida; Turkish spelling: Diyarbakır) is a city in Turkey, situated on the banks of the River Tigris. ... // Events Births June 17 - King Edward I of England (died 1307) December 17 - Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (died 1256) Peter III of Aragon (died 1285) John II, Duke of Brittany (died 1305) Ippen, Japanese monk (died 1289) Deaths March 3 - Vladimir III Rurikovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (born 1187) March... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Erzurum (or Erzerum, Arzen in antiquity, Karin in ancient Armenian, Theodosiupolis or Theodosiopolis during Byzantine rule) is one of the Provinces of Turkey, in the Eastern Anatolia Region, to the east of the country. ... // Events April 5 - During a battle on the ice of Chudskoye Lake, Russian forces rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights. ... // Events Innocent IV was elected pope. ... Mongol commander in Persia (fl. ... Combatants Mongols Sultanate of Rüm, Georgian and Trapezuntine auxiliaries Commanders Bayju Kay Khusrau II Strength Casualties {{{notes}}} The Battle of Köse Dag was fought between the Seljuk Turks of Rum and the Mongols on June 26, 1243 at the place Köse Dag on Sivas-Erzincan road (now... Sivas (Greek: Σεβάστεια) is the provincial capital of Sivas Province in Turkey. ... English page about Erzincan will be add next a little time. ... Antalyas historical yacht harbour Antalya is the capital city of the Antalya Province, located on the Gulf of Antalya on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Saga, emperor of Japan. ...

The Seljuk realm was divided among Kay Khusrau's three sons. The eldest, Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us II (1246–1260), assumed the rule in the area west of the river Kizil Irmak. His younger brothers, Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV (1248–1265) and Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh II (1249–1257) were set to rule east of the Kizil Irmak under the Mongol administration. In October 1256 Bayju defeated Kay Ka'us II near Aksaray and all of Anatolia was now officially subject to the warlord Möngke Khan. In 1260 Kay Ka'us II fled from Konya to Crimea where he died in 1279. Kilij Arslan IV was executed in 1265 and Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau III (1265–1284) became the puppet ruler of all of Anatolia. By now, however, the former Seljuk state was splitting into small emirates that did not recognize either Mongol or Seljuk control. In 1277 Anatolia was invaded by the Mameluk ruler Baybars I and replaced the Mongols as administrators of the Seljuk realm, but soon they lost interest in it and Mongol leadership was re-assumed, at least officially. Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Saga, emperor of Japan. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan Emperor Kameyama ascends to the throne of Japan September 3 - Mongols defeated by Mameluks at Battle of Ain Jalut Samogatians and Curonians defeats Teutonic knights in Battle of Durbe Births Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian Deaths Monarchs/Presidents... In the Aeneid, Halys is a Trojan who defends Aeneas camp from a Rutullian attack. ... For broader historical context, see 1240s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Events University, the first College at Oxford founded Births Emperor Kameyama of Japan Pope John XXII Frederick I, Margrave of Baden Deaths July 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Aksaray is a city in Turkey located in middle Anatolia. ... Möngke Khan (1208-1259, also transliterated as Mongke, Mongka, Möngka, Mangu) was the fourth khan of the Mongol Empire. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan Emperor Kameyama ascends to the throne of Japan September 3 - Mongols defeated by Mameluks at Battle of Ain Jalut Samogatians and Curonians defeats Teutonic knights in Battle of Durbe Births Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian Deaths Monarchs/Presidents... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... // Events War and politics King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. ... Generally speaking, an emirate (Arabic imarah, plural imarat) is a territory that is administered by an emir, although in Arabic the term can be generalized to mean any province of a country that is administered by a member of the ruling class. ... Events The philosophical doctrine Averroism is banned from Paris by bishop Etienne Tempier Burmas Pagan empire begins to disintegrate after being defeated by Kublai Khan at Ngasaungsyan, near the Chinese border. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves. ... al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari (also spelled Baybars) (Arabic: ) was a Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria. ...

At the end of his reign, Kay Khusrau III could actually claim sovereignty over what was left of the Seljuk realm (i.e. the lands around Konya and a small coastline with the port of Kayseri (Caesarea Mazaca)). Some of the rulers of Anatolia loosely recognized the supremacy of the sultan in Konya and Kay Khusrau and his successors called himself Fahreddin, the 'Pride of Islam'. When Kay Khusrau was executed in 1282, the Seljuk dynasty suffered hard from internal struggles which would last until 1303 when the son of Kay Ka'us II, Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II, established himself as sultan in Kayseri. He was murdered in 1307 and his son Mas'ud III soon afterwards. A distant relative to the Seljuk dynasty installed himself as emir of Konya, but he was defeated and his lands conquered by the Karamanids in 1328. A view of Kayseri City Centre from Mimar Sinan Park Kayseri is an industrialized city in Turkey that is famous for Mount Erciyes. ... Caesarea Mazaca (modern Kayseri) is an ancient town of Anatolia which served as the residence of the kings of Cappadocia. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... // Events 24 February: Battle of Roslin 20 April: Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza Edward I of England reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence) The Khilji Dynasty conquers time travel Births Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373) Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of... Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ... Flag of Karaman according to the Catalan Atlas c. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ...

The Dynasty

• Kutalmish 1060-1077
• Süleyman Ibn Kutalmish (Suleiman) 1077-1086
• Dawud Kilij Arslan I 1092-1107
• Malik Shah 1107-1116
• Rukn ad-Din Mas'ud 1116-1156
• Izz ad-Din Kilij Arslan II 1156-1192
• Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau I 1192-1196
• Süleyman II (Suleiman) 1196-1204
• Kilij Arslan III 1204-1205
• Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau I (second time) 1205-1211
• Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us I 1211-1220
• Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I 1220-1237
• Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II 1237-1246
• Izz ad-Din Kay Ka'us II 1246-1260
• Rukn ad-Din Kilij Arslan IV 1248-1265
• Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh II 1249-1257
• Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau II (second time) 1257-1259
• Ghiyath ad-Din Kay Khusrau III 1265-1282
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II 1282-1284
• Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III 1284
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II (second time) 1284-1293
• Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III (second time) 1293-1294
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II (third time) 1294-1301
• Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III (third time) 1301-1303
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II (fourth time) 1303-1307
• Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud III 1307

Events May - The Norman leader Robert Guiscard conquers Taranto. ... Events January 26 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea Süleyman I of Rüm becomes the leader of the Sultanate of... Süleyman Ibn Kutalmish (سليمان بن قتلمش Sulāyman bin Qutalmish, also Suleiman ibn Kutalmish; died in 1086) was the Seljuk ruler of the Sultanate of Rüm in Anatolia from 1077 until his death. ... Events January 26 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea Süleyman I of Rüm becomes the leader of the Sultanate of... Events Domesday Book is completed in England Emperor Shirakawa of Japan starts his cloistered rule Imam Ali Mosque is rebuilt by the Seljuk Malik Shah I after being destroyed by fire. ... Dawud Kılıj Arslan ibn Süleyman ibn Kutalmish (in Turkish Kılıç Arslan, قلج أرسلان Qïlïj Arslān d. ... Events May 9 - Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated. ... Events William Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events William Warelwast becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Events Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China Construction starts on the Chennkesava temple The Aztecs leave Aztlán searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán and later Mexico City Births Deaths... Rukn ad-Din Masud (died in 1156) was the Seljuk sultan of Rüm (Anatolia) from 1116 until his death. ... Events Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China Construction starts on the Chennkesava temple The Aztecs leave Aztlán searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán and later Mexico City Births Deaths... Events Prince Yuriy Dolgorukiy fortifies Moscow, regarded as the date of the founding of the city Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi... Izz ad-Din Kılıj Arslan II (also Qïlïch Arslan; died in 1192) was a Seljuk sultan of Rüm. ... Events Prince Yuriy Dolgorukiy fortifies Moscow, regarded as the date of the founding of the city Establishment of the Carmelite Order Hogen Rebellion in Japan January 20 - According to legend, freeholder Lalli slays English crusader Bishop Henry with an axe on the ice of the lake Köyliönjärvi... // Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... Kay Khusrau I, one of the sons of Izz ad-Din Kılıj Arslan II, was a Seljuk sultan of Rüm. ... // Events The Third Crusade ends in disaster. ... Events Spring, London, popular uprising of the poor against the rich led by William Fitz Osbern. ... Suleiman II aka Rukn ad-Din Suleiman Shah (1196-1204), was the Seljuk sultan of Rüm in 1196-1204. ... Events Spring, London, popular uprising of the poor against the rich led by William Fitz Osbern. ... // Events February - Byzantine emperor Alexius IV is overthrown in a revolution, and Alexius V is proclaimed emperor. ... // Events February - Byzantine emperor Alexius IV is overthrown in a revolution, and Alexius V is proclaimed emperor. ... Events January 6 - Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans April 14 - Battle of Adrianople (1205) between Bulgars and Latins August 20 - Following certain news of Baldwin Is death, Henry of Flanders is crowned Emperor of the Latin Empire Births Walter IV of Brienne Wenceslaus I, King of... Kay Khusrau I, one of the sons of Izz ad-Din Kılıj Arslan II, was a Seljuk sultan of Rüm. ... Events January 6 - Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans April 14 - Battle of Adrianople (1205) between Bulgars and Latins August 20 - Following certain news of Baldwin Is death, Henry of Flanders is crowned Emperor of the Latin Empire Births Walter IV of Brienne Wenceslaus I, King of... // Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town... // Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope... // Events Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders. ... // Events Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Saga, emperor of Japan. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Saga, emperor of Japan. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan Emperor Kameyama ascends to the throne of Japan September 3 - Mongols defeated by Mameluks at Battle of Ain Jalut Samogatians and Curonians defeats Teutonic knights in Battle of Durbe Births Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian Deaths Monarchs/Presidents... For broader historical context, see 1240s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... Events University, the first College at Oxford founded Births Emperor Kameyama of Japan Pope John XXII Frederick I, Margrave of Baden Deaths July 6 - Alexander II of Scotland (b. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... // Events War and politics King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. ... // Events War and politics King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. ... // Events War and politics King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. ... Events May 20 - King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Study of General Schools of Alcala The Minoresses (Franciscan nuns) are first introduced into England Births Deaths Categories: 1293 ... Events May 20 - King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Study of General Schools of Alcala The Minoresses (Franciscan nuns) are first introduced into England Births Deaths Categories: 1293 ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi, emperor of Japan Emperor Go-Nijō ascends to the throne of Japan Dante was sent into Exile in Florence. ... // Events 24 February: Battle of Roslin 20 April: Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza Edward I of England reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence) The Khilji Dynasty conquers time travel Births Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373) Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of... // Events 24 February: Battle of Roslin 20 April: Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza Edward I of England reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence) The Khilji Dynasty conquers time travel Births Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373) Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of... Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ... Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ...

See also

• Seljuk Turks
• Rüm
• Ottoman Empire
• Karamanid
• Anatolian beyliks

	History of Turkey
Click opposite to show Pre-Ottoman Turkey (1000 – 13th century) Seljuk Turks (1000 – 1300) Sultanate of Rum (1060 – 1327) Anatolian beyliks (13th century) Ottoman Empire (1299 - 1923) Rise (1299 – 1453) Growth (1453 – 1683) Stagnation (1683 – 1827) Decline (1828 – 1908) Dissolution (1908 – 1922) Capitulations Tulip Era Tanzimat era First Constitutional Era Second Constitutional Era Fall of Constantinople European Wars Russian Wars Republic of Turkey (1919 – Present) War of Independence (1919 – 1923) Single-Party Period (1923 – 1945) Multi-Party Period (1945 – Present)