Anatoly Chubais.

Anatoly Borisovich Chubais (Russian: Анато́лий Бори́сович Чуба́йс) (born June 16, 1955) is a Russian politician best known for his role in Russian privatization and the creation of Russian tycoons. Although the exact amount of his personal wealth (estimated according to rumors ^{[attribution needed]} at one billion dollars) is not known, he is often considered to be a tycoon himself. The 2004 survey by Price-WaterhouseCoopers and Financial Times named him the world's 54th most respected business leader. This work is copyrighted. ... Privatization (alternately denationalization or disinvestment) is the transfer of property or responsibility from the public sector (government) to the private sector (business). ... Business oligarch, a synonym of business magnate, describes wealthy people that significantly influence the life of a state. ... Business oligarch is a synonym of business magnate. The inclusion of the word oligarch describes the significant influence such wealthy people may have on the life of a state. ...

Early life

Chubais was born on June 16, 1955 in the town of Borisov, Belarus. In 1977, he graduated from the Leningrad Economic Engineering Institute. June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A view of Barysau Barysau (Borisov) (Belarusian: Бары́саў; Russian: Бори́сов) (population 150,700 as of 1999) is a town in Belarus situated near the Berezina River. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...

Chubais remained a member of the communist party till the early 1990s. He was an advisor to Anatoly Sobchak's Mayoral Administration in St Petersburg for about a year, from 1991-1992. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = &#1050... Official photography of Anatoly Sobchack as Mayor of Saint Petersburg Anatoly Alexandrovich Sobchak (Russian: , August 10, 1937 - February 20, 2000) was a Russian politician, co-author of Constitution of the Russian Federation, first democratically-elected Mayor of Saint-Petersburg and mentor of Vladimir Putin. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

Personal life

Chubais is married to Maria, his second wife. She is also an economist. His wife's sister is Yulia Vishnevskaya, the wife of Vladislav Surkov. Chubais has two children from his first marriage, a son and a daughter. Vladislav Surkov Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov (Russian: Владислав Юрьевич Сурков) (b. ...

Participation in privatization

Chubais allegedly gained his personal wealth mostly from non-salary sources through his participation at key executive positions in Yeltsin's government during the time of disorder that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union. Chubais is primarily known for his role under Yegor Gaidar as the vice-premier of the Russian Government. Gaidar and Chubais were the principal "young reformers" associated with shock therapy, privatization, and the rise of the Russian oligarchs. Both Gaidar and Chubais are former members of the communist party, and Gaidar was the editor of CPSU journal "Communist". In 1992 under the guidance of Chubais the State Property Committee designed a privatization program, according to which the state property was supposed to be fairly distributed between the citizens. In actuality, ordinary citizens gained pieces of paper ("vouchers") worth one bottle of vodka, whereas the people at key position in governing structures, their relatives and business associates obtained enormous amounts of wealth. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (b. ... Yegor Timurovich Gaidar () (born March 19, 1956) is a Russian economist and politician, and was the acting Prime Minister of Russia from June 15, 1992 to December 14, 1992. ... Yegor Timurovich Gaidar () (born March 19, 1956) is a Russian economist and politician, and was the acting Prime Minister of Russia from June 15, 1992 to December 14, 1992. ... In economics, shock therapy refers to the sudden release of price and currency controls, withdrawal of state subsidies, and immediate trade liberalization within a country. ... Business oligarch, a synonym of business magnate, describes wealthy people that significantly influence the life of a state. ... In modern usage, the term communist party is generally used to identify any political party which has adopted communist ideology. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = &#1050... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Federal Agency for Federal Property Management of the Russian Federation (Rosimushchestvo) (in Russian: Федеральное агентство по управлению федеральным имуществом (Росимущество)) is a subdivision of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development and Trade that manages Russias federal state property. ...

Loans-for-shares program

From November 1994 through January 1996 he was First Vice-Premier — in charge of economy and finance — in the Government of Viktor Chernomyrdin. During this time, the creation of Russian oligarchs was finalized. The Russian oligarchy was formed in late 1995 in the "loans-for-shares" program. In this scheme, a small group of individuals well-connected to government structures were handed valuable pieces of state property in return for cash "loans" (which in many cases were funded by the bank accounts of the state bank), cash which had previously been gained by the same people in the government-controlled privatization. One purpose of this operation was to help Boris Yeltsin's re-election.^{[citation needed]} 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (Russian: Ви́ктор Степа́нович Черномы́рдин) (born April 9, 1938) is a Russian politician. ... Business oligarch, a synonym of business magnate, describes wealthy people that significantly influence the life of a state. ... Yeltsin redirects here. ...

In July 15, 1996, – March 7, 1997 Chubais was the Chief of the Russian presidential administration. It is during his term that this office became very influential. July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in leap years). ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: Администрация Президента Российской Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president...

Scandals and allegations in corruption

Although there are rumors that Chubais benefited enormously from the loans-for-shares scheme, the exact amount of his profit is unknown. In 1997, when Chubais served as First Vice-Premier and Minister of Finance for the Russian Federation, it became known that businessman Alexander Smolensky gave Chubais an "interest-free loan" of $3 million around the time that Chubais arranged an auction for Russia's second largest banking network, AgroPromBank, which then went to Alexander Smolensky. Chubais was then implicated in the scandal for a fake book publishing advance from a company tied to Vladimir Potanin's Oneximbank — shortly before Oneximbank won the auction for Svyazinvest. Chubais was removed from the government after that scandal and named chairman of the board of UES, Russia's power generating monopoly. Best known quote from Chubais is "We swindled them" ("Мы их кинули"). Chubais said this when he explained how he managed to squeeze $40 billion in funds from the IMF and other international lending organizations, all of which ended up in the pockets of Yeltsin's circle. Alexander Smolensky (Александр Смоленский in Russian) (born in 1954), founder and president of one of the largest Russian banks called Stolichny Bank (a. ... Vladimir Potanin (Владимир Потанин in Russian) (born in 1961), is the president and founder of Oneximbank (also Oneksimbank). ... The Unified Energy System (UES) is Russias state electric power monopoly. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ...

Involvement in political parties

Most recently, Chubais served as one of the co-leaders of the Union of Right Forces, which controlled 29 seats in the Russian Parliament from 1999 until 2003. On January 24, 2003 he resigned as co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces party. In the late 1990s, he also won a seat in the Russian Parliament as a candidate of the Russia's Choice party. The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил, СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil), is a Russian political party commonly associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the Young Reformers of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, and Yegor Gaidar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Union of Right Forces, or SPS (Сою́з Пра́вых Сил, СПС/Soyuz Pravykh Sil), is a Russian political party commonly associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the Young Reformers of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, and Yegor Gaidar. ... This article is very long Some browsers may have difficulty rendering this article. ...

Public opinion

Chubais is one of the most controversial figures in Russian politics as a result of his close involvement in the rigged Russian privatization during the 1990s. The general population tends to see him as a criminal who stole money using his government position, and he is widely hated.^{[citation needed]} He has also been blamed by some for rising utility prices because of his position at UES. Chubais seems to have survived the 2005 Moscow blackout generally blamed on Mosenergo and UES. He also survived an attempt on his life that took place on his way to work in March 2005. Retired Colonel Vladimir Kvachkov was later jailed in connection with the attack, though he continually denied the charges. Despite the widespread allegations, Chubais has never been charged for bribery or corruption. Crime is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ... Bribery is a crime implying a sum or gift given alters the behaviour of the person in ways not consistent with the duties of that person. ...

Sources

• Rusnet Encyclopedia
• Russia Profile Who's Who
• Russia's Regent by Paul Quinn-Judge, Time, December 9, 1996.