Anaxarchus (flourished around 340 BC), a Greek philosopher of the school of Democritus, was born at Abdera in Thrace. Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC - 340s BC - 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC Years: 345 BC 344 BC 343 BC 342 BC 341 BC - 340 BC - 339 BC 338 BC... A philosopher is a person devoted to studying and producing results in philosophy. ... Bust of Democritus Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace around 460 BCE; lived to be very old and died in 370 BCE). ... Abdera, was a town on the coast of Thrace near the mouth of the Nestos, and almost opposite Thasos. ... Thrace is a historical and geographic area in south-east Europe spread over southern Bulgaria, north-eastern Greece, and European Turkey. ...

He was the companion and friend of Alexander the Great in his Asiatic campaigns. According to Diogenes Laertius (Lives 9.10.2), in response to Alexander's claim to have been the son of Zeus-Ammon, Anaxarchus pointed to his bleeding wound and remarked, "See the blood of a mortal, not ichor, such as flows from the veins of the immortal gods." Bust of Alexander III in the British Museum. ... Diogenes Laërtius, the biographer of the Greek philosophers, is supposed by some to have received his surname from the town of Laerte in Cilicia, and by others from the Roman family of the Laërtii. ... Ichor is also another, rarely used name for bile. ...

Plutarch tells a story that at Bactra, in 327 BC in a debate with Callisthenes, he advised all to worship Alexander as a god even during his lifetime, is with greater probability attributed to the Sicilian Cleon. Mestrius Plutarch (c. ... Bactria (Bactriana) was the ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush (Caucasus Indicus) and the Amu Darya (Oxus), with the capital Bactra (now Balkh). ... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 332 BC 331 BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC - 327 BC - 326 BC 325 BC 324... Callisthenes, or Kallisthenes, (Καλλισθενης) of Olynthus (c. ... Cleon (d. ...

Diogenes Laertius (Lives 9.10.3) also says that Nicocreon, the tyrant of Cyprus, commanded him to be pounded to death in a mortar, and that he endured this torture with fortitude and Cicero relates the same story. Marcus Tullius Cicero (January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin prose stylist. ...

His philosophical doctrines are not known, though some have inferred from the epithet eudaimonikos ("fortunate"), usually applied to him, that he held the end of life to be eudaimonia. Some have translated the classical Greek word eudaimonia (εὐδαιμονία, used by Aristotle) as the word happiness, although Princeton University Aristotle scholar John M. Cooper proposes the translation, human flourishing. ...