NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Andalusian people

The Andalusians are an ethnic group or nation in Spain centered in Andalusia. They are often not considered an ethnically distinct people because they lack two of the most important markers of distinctiveness: their own language and an awareness of a presumed common origin, although the latter is debatable. Nonetheless, Andalusians do have a distinct Andalusian dialect. Andalusians have a rich culture which includes the famous flamenco style of music and dance. Andalusia's own statute of autonomy, identifies the region as an "historic nationality" grants it a high level of devolved political power. This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... The Andalusian dialect (also called andaluz) of European Spanish is spoken in Andalusia (including Gibraltar). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Andalusia (disambiguation). ... This article or section should be merged with ethnic group Ethnicity is the cultural characteristics that connect a particular group or groups of people to each other. ... The Andalusian dialect (also called andaluz) of European Spanish is spoken in Andalusia (including Gibraltar). ... Flamenco is a Spanish musical genre with strong, rhythmic undertones and is often accompanied with a similarly impassioned style of dance characterized by its powerful yet graceful execution, as well as its intricate hand and footwork. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Dance (disambiguation). ... Monument to Blas Infante, Father of Andalusia,[1] erected in the same place where he was executed without trial by Fascist rebels in 1936 Andalusian nationalism or Andalusian regionalism, sometimes referred as Andalucismo in Spanish, is the name given to the political movement in Spain advocating the recognition of Andalusian... Autonomous communities of Spain. ...

Geographical location and population

The Andalusian people live mainly in Spain's eight southernmost provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Cordoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga, and Seville, which all are part of the region and modern Autonomous Community of Andalusia. In January 2006 the total population of this region stood at 7,849,799^[14]. In comparison with the rest of Spain, Andalusia population growth has been slower and it continues to be sparsely populated in some rural areas (averaging just 84 inh. per km²). Since 1960, the region's share of total population has declined, despite birth rates being about 40 percent higher than the Spanish average during past decades (currently it is only a 13% higher^[15]). Province is a name for a secondary, or subnational entity of government in most countries. ... Almeria redirects here. ... Location Location of CÃ¡diz Coordinates : Time Zone : General information Native name CÃ¡diz (Spanish) Spanish name CÃ¡diz Postal code â€“ Website http://www. ... CÃ³rdoba Province may refer to: CÃ³rdoba Province, Argentina CÃ³rdoba Province, Spain This is a disambiguation page â€” a list of articles associated with the same title. ... For other uses, see Granada (disambiguation). ... Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. ... JaÃ©n may refer to: JaÃ©n, Spain JaÃ©n Province, Spain JaÃ©n, Peru JaÃ©n Province, Peru This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Location of MÃ¡laga Government - Mayor Francisco de la Torre Prados Area - Total 385. ... For other uses, see Seville (disambiguation). ...

Between 1951 to 1975, over 1.7 million Andalusian people emigrated out of Andalusia to other areas of Spain. ^[16] This figure was approximately a 24% of the population of Andalusia as a whole, mostly hitting the countryside areas. The main receivers of this migration were Catalonia (989,256 people of Andalusian origin in 1975), Madrid (330,479) and Valencia (217,636), and to a lesser level, the Basque Country and Balearics. Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Spanish Autonomous Community. ... Capital Madrid Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 12th 7 995 kmÂ² 1,6% Population â€“ Total (2005) â€“ % of Spain â€“ Density Ranked 3rd 5 964 143 13,5% 745,98/kmÂ² Demonym â€“ English â€“ Spanish Madrilenian madrileÃ±o/a Statute of Autonomy March 1, 1983 ISO 3166-2 M Parliamentary representation â€“ Congress seats... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Valencian and Spanish Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th 23,255 kmÂ² 4. ... Pays Basque) see Northern Basque Country. ... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Castilian Area - total - % of Spain Ranked 17th 4 992 km² 1,0% Population - Total (2003) - % of Spain - Density Ranked 14th 916 968 2,2% 183,69/km² Demonym - English - Catalan - Spanish Balearic balear balear Statute of Autonomy March 1, 1983 ISO 3166...

During 1962 to 1974, around 700,000 Andalusians —almost all of them male, aged 15 to 44— moved abroad for economic reasons, mainly originating from the provinces of Granada, Jaén and Córdoba. Their preferred destination were countries as France, West Germany and Switzerland, followed by the United Kingdom, Netherlands and Belgium. There are no official recorded figures for previous decades.^[17]

Previously Andalusia has also experienced similar migratory trends: During the 17th century a sizeable (Morisco) Muslim Andalusian community moved to Tunisia after being forcibly expelled, mainly around the Northern shores of the country and the old city of Carthage today a suburb of the Tunis. Today these communities still claim Andalusian heritage and bear Andalusian surnames.^[18] Morisco (Spanish Moor-like) or mourisco (Portuguese) is a term referring to a kind of New Christian in Spain and Portugal. ... For other uses, see Carthage (disambiguation). ...

In South America in the last twenty years of 19th century, over 150,000 Andalusians emigrated to the Americas as a result of crop failures caused by the Phylloxera plague.^[19] Many Andalusian peasants moved to Brazil to work in the coffee plantations, mainly in rural areas of São Paulo State. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Grape Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, family Phylloxeridae, superfamily Aphidoidea) is a serious pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. ... Spanish-Brazilian (Spanish: hispanobrasileÃ±o, Portuguese: hispano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full or partly Spanish ancestry, or a Spanish-born person residing in Brazil. ... SÃ£o Paulo is a state in Brazil. ...

Rationale

Most descriptions of Andalusia begin with the landownership system, as the most powerful forces in the region have for centuries been the owners of the large estates, called latifundios. These wide expanses of land have their origins in landowning patterns that stretch back to Roman times; in grants of land made to the nobility, to the military orders, and to the church during the Reconquest (Reconquista); and in laws of the nineteenth century by which church and common lands were sold in large tracts to the urban middle class. The workers of this land, called jornaleros, were themselves landless. A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or land which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called the tenant. ... The latifundia [Latin lātifundium: lātus, spacious + fundus, farm, estate] of Roman history were great landed estates, specialising in agriculture destined for export: grain, olive oil or wine. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... Nobility is a traditional hereditary status (see hereditary titles) that exists today in many countries (mainly present or former monarchies). ... For other uses, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... In real estate, a lot is a tract or parcel of land owned or meant to be owned by some owner(s). ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ...

This economic and cultural system produced a distinctive perspective, involving class consciousness and class conflicts as well as significant emigration. In contrast to the much smaller farm towns and villages of northern Spain, where the land was worked by its owners, class distinctions in the agro-towns of Andalusia stood out. The families of the landless farmers lived at, or near, the poverty level, and their relations with the landed gentry were marked by conflict, aggression, and hostility. The two main forces that kept Andalusia's rural society from flying apart were external. The first was the coercive power of the state, as exemplified by Spain's rural constabulary, the Civil Guard (Guardia Civil). The second was the opportunities to migrate to other parts of Spain, or to other countries in Western Europe. Some of this migration was seasonal; in 1982, for example, 80,000 Spaniards, mostly Andalusians, migrated to France for the wine harvest. Part of the migration consisted of entire families who intended to remain in their new home for longer periods, once the head of the family group had settled down. Class consciousness is a category of Marxist theory, referring to the self-awareness of a social class, its capacity to act in its own rational interests, or measuring the extent to which an individual is conscious of the historical tasks their class (or class allegiance) sets for them. ... Class conflict is both the friction that accompanies social relationships between members or groups of different social classes and the underlying tensions or antagonisms which exist in society. ... A memorial statue in Hanko, Finland, commemorating the thousands of emigrants who left the country to start a new life in the United States Emigration is the act and the phenomenon of leaving ones native country or region to settle in another. ... A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows what he found. ... Anger is a term for the emotional aspect of aggression, as a basic aspect of the stress response in animals whereby a perceived aggravating stimulus provokes a counterresponse which is likewise aggravating and threatening of violence. ... Coercion is the practice of compelling a person to act by employing threat of force. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... Constabulary may have several definitions. ... RÃo NerviÃ³n patrol boat, in Bilbao. ... A current understanding of Western Europe. ... For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ... Look up Harvest in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

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Geographical location and population