NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Anders Jonas Ångström

Anders Jonas Ångström (August 13, 1814 – June 21, 1874) was a physicist in Sweden, one of the founders of the science of spectroscopy. August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... Events January - April January 1 - New York City annexes The Bronx January 23 - Marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, to Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. ... The word physicist should not be confused with physician, which means medical doctor. ... The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige listen) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. ... Spectroscopy is the study of spectra, ie. ...

He was educated at Uppsala University, where in 1839 he became docent in physics. In 1842 he went to the Stockholm Observatory in order to gain experience in practical astronomical work, and in the following year he was appointed keeper of the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory. Uppsala University Uppsala University (Swedish Uppsala universitet) is a public university in Uppsala, Sweden. ... A docent (the word being derived from the Latin word docere, meaning to teach) is officially defined as a professor or university lecturer, but the term has been expanded to designate the corps of volunteer guides who staff many of the museums and other educational institutions in the United States. ... The Stockholm Observatory is an astronomical institution in Stockholm, Sweden, founded in the 18th century and today part of Stockholm University. ... The house of Anders Celsius with his observatory on the roof, from a contemporary engraving. ...

Becoming interested in terrestrial magnetism he made many observations of magnetic intensity and declination in various parts of Sweden, and was charged by the Stockholm Academy of Sciences with the task, not completed till shortly before his death, of working out the magnetic data obtained by the Swedish frigate "Eugénie" on her voyage round the world in 1851-1853. In physics, magnetism is a phenomenon by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. ...

In 1858 he succeeded Adolph Ferdinand Svanberg in the chair of physics at Uppsala. His most important work was concerned with the conduction of heat and with spectroscopy. In his optical researches, Optiska Undersökningar, presented to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1853, he not only pointed out that the electric spark yields two superposed spectra, one from the metal of the electrode and the other from the gas in which it passes, but deduced from Leonhard Euler's theory of resonance that an incandescent gas emits luminous rays of the same refrangibility as those which it can absorb. This statement, as Sir Edward Sabine remarked when awarding him the Rumford medal of the Royal Society in 1872, contains a fundamental principle of spectrum analysis, and though for a number of years it was overlooked it entitles him to rank as one of the founders of spectroscopy. 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ... Heat (abbreviated Q, also called heat change) is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies which are at different temperatures. ... Spectroscopy is the study of spectra, ie. ... See also list of optical topics. ... The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or , founded in 1739 by King Frederick I, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden. ... Leonhard Euler aged 49 (oil painting by Emanuel Handmann, 1756) Leonhard Euler (April 15, 1707 - September 18, 1783) (pronounced oiler) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist. ... Sir Edward Sabine (October 14, 1788 – May 26, 1883) was an Irish astronomer, scientist, ornithologist and explorer. ... Not to be confused with the Rumford Prize In 1796, Benjamin Thompson, known as Count Rumford, gave $5000 separately to the Royal Society of London and the other by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences to give awards every two years for outstanding scientific research on heat or light. ... The Royal Society of London is claimed to be the oldest learned society still in existence and was founded in 1660. ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

From 1861 onwards he paid special attention to the solar spectrum. His combination of the spectroscope with photography for the study of the solar system resulted in proving that the sun's atmosphere contains hydrogen, among other elements (1862), and in 1868 he published his great map of the normal solar spectrum in Recherches sur le spectre solaire, including detailed measurements of more than 1000 spectral lines, which long remained authoritative in questions of wave-length, although his measurements were inexact to the extent of one part in 7000 or 8000 owing to the metre which he used as his standard having been slightly too short. A spectroscope is a device which measures the spectrum of light. ... Lens and mounting of a large format camera Photography is the technique of recording and generating permanent images, by the capturing and preservation of physical stimulus-patterns on a layer of photosensitive material. ... Mosaic of the planets of the solar system, excluding Pluto, and including Earths Moon. ... A Sun is the star at the centre of a solar system. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1 (IA), 1 , s Density, Hardness 0. ... 1862 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. ...

He was the first, in 1867, to examine the spectrum of the aurora borealis, and detected and measured the characteristic bright line in its yellow green region; but he was mistaken in supposing that this same line, which is often called by his name, is also to be seen in the zodiacal light. 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Aurora borealis Polar aurorae are optical phenomena characterized by colorful displays of light in the night sky. ...

He died at Uppsala on June 21, 1874. June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... Events January - April January 1 - New York City annexes The Bronx January 23 - Marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, to Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. ...

The angstrom units with which the wavelength of light is measured are named for him. The units are used in crystallography as well as spectroscopy. An angstrom or ångström (Å) is a non-SI unit of length equal to 10−10 metres, 0. ... Crystallography (from the Greek words crystallon = solid and graphein = write) is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids. ...

His son Knut Ångström was known for his research at Uppsala University on solar radiation, the radiation of heat from the sun and its absorption by the earth's atmosphere. For his research, he devised various delicate methods and instruments, including his electric compensation pyrheliometer, invented in 1893, and apparatus for obtaining a photographic representation of the infrared spectrum in 1895. Uppsala University Uppsala University (Swedish Uppsala universitet) is a public university in Uppsala, Sweden. ... Solar radiation is radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly electromagnetic energy. ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Image of a small dog taken in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

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