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This article is about the mountain system in South America. For other uses, see Andes (disambiguation). Andes (Quechua: Anti(s/kuna)) The Andes between Chile and Argentina Countries Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Major cities Bogotá, La Paz, Santiago, Quito, Cusco Length 7,000 km (4,350 mi) Width 500 km (311 mi) Highest point Aconcagua  - location Argentina  - coordinates 32°39′10″S 70°0′40″W / -32.65278, -70.01111  - elevation 6,962 m (22,841 ft) The Andes is South America's longest mountain range[1], forming a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. It is over 7,000 km (4,400 miles) long, 500 km (300 miles) wide in some parts (widest between 18° to 20°S latitude), and of an average height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Andes may refer to: Andes, the mountain range. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Quechuan languages. ... Antisuyu flag Anti Suyu is the eastern part of the Inca Empire which bordered with modern-day Upper Amazon region where the Anti inhabited. ... Subject: The Andes as seen from a plane flying from Santiago, Chile to Buenos Aires, Argentina Source: Property of User:Cantus File links The following pages link to this file: Andes Categories: GFDL images ... For other uses, see Bogotá (disambiguation). ... Location of La Paz within Bolivia Coordinates: , Country Departament Province Pedro Domingo Murillo Province Founded October 20, 1548 Incorporated (El Alto) 20th century Government  - Mayor Juan Del Granado Area  - City 470 km²  (181. ... Location of Santiago commune in Greater Santiago Coordinates: , Region Province Foundation February 12, 1541 Government  - Mayor Raúl Alcaíno Lihn Area 1  - City 22. ... For other uses, see Quito (disambiguation). ... This article is the city in Peru. ... “km” redirects here. ... “Miles” redirects here. ... “km” redirects here. ... “Miles” redirects here. ... Cerro Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For exotic financial options, see Mountain range (options). ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... The Andean range is composed principally of two great ranges, the Cordillera Oriental and the Cordillera Occidental, often separated by a deep intermediate depression, in which arise other chains of minor importance, the chief of which is Chile's Cordillera de la Costa. Other small chains arise on the sides of the great chains. The Cordillera de la Costa starts from the southern extremity of the continent and runs in a northerly direction, parallel with the coast, being broken up at its beginning into a number of islands and afterwards forming the western boundary of the great central valley of Chile. To the north this coastal chain continues in small ridges or isolated hills along the Pacific Ocean as far as Venezuela, always leaving the same valley more or less visible to the west of the western great chain. The mountains extend over seven countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, some of which are known as Andean States. One theory says the name Andes comes from the Quechua word anti, which means "high crest". Another theory says that the name Andes derived from the Spanish word "andén" which means terrace in reference to the cultivation terraces used by the Incas and other related peoples. The Andes between Chile and Argentina Computer generated image of the Andes, made from a digital elevation model with a resolution of 30 arcseconds The Andes is a vast mountain range forming a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. ... There are several Cordillera Occidental mountain ranges: Cordillera Occidental, Bolivia Cordillera Occidental, Colombia Cordillera Occidental, Peru This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Cordillera de la Costa means Mountains on the Coast. ... The Andean States are nations in South America that contain portions of—or border—the Andes mountain range. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Quechuan languages. ... Terraced vineyards near Lausanne The Incan terraces at Písac are still used today. ... The Andes mountain range is the highest mountain range outside Asia, with the highest peak, Aconcagua, rising to 6,962 m (22,841 ft) above sea level. The summit of Mount Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes is the point on the Earth's surface most distant from its center, because of the equatorial bulge. The Andes cannot match the Himalayas in height but do so in width and are more than twice as long. Cerro Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... The inactive stratovolcano Chimborazo is Ecuadors highest summit. ... An equatorial bulge is a planetological term which describes a bulge which a planet may have around its equator, distorting it into an oblate spheroid. ... For the movie Himalaya, see Himalaya (film). ... Contents 1 Name 2 Physical features 2.1 Geology 2.2 Climate 2.3 Plant and animal life 3 The people 3.1 Mountaineering/Surveying 3.2 Transportation 3.3 Agriculture 3.4 Mining 4 Peaks 4.1 Argentina 4.2 Argentina/Chile border 4.3 Bolivia 4.4 Bolivia/Chile border 4.5 Chile 4.6 Colombia 4.7 Ecuador 4.8 Peru 4.9 Venezuela 5 References 6 External links [edit] Name The name for the mountain range, Andes, may be Old Spanish shorthand for "Andenes" or "Andenerías"[citation needed]: Some attribute the origin of the name to one of the four regions of the Inca empire, or Anti(s). This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Antisuyu flag Anti Suyu is the eastern part of the Inca Empire which bordered with modern-day Upper Amazon region where the Anti inhabited. ... [edit] Physical features [edit] Geology Rift valley near Quilotoa, Ecuador. The Andes fundamentally are the result of plate tectonics processes, caused by the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate. The boundary between the two plates is marked by the Peru-Chile oceanic trench. The descending Nazca plate is young and buoyant lithosphere, which resists subduction, causing a lot of earthquakes. The formation of the Andes began in the Jurassic period. It was during the Cretaceous Period that the Andes began to take their present form, by the uplifting, faulting and folding of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of the ancient cratons to the east. Tectonic forces along the subduction zone along the entire west coast of South America where the Nazca Plate and a part of the Antarctic Plate are sliding beneath the South American Plate continue to produce an ongoing orogenic event resulting in minor to major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to this day. In the extreme south a major transform fault separates Tierra del Fuego from the small Scotia Plate. Across the 1,000 km wide Drake Passage lie the mountains of the Antarctic Peninsula south of the Scotia Plate which appear to be a continuation of the Andes chain. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 343 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 686 pixel, file size: 152 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I shot this photo in Ecuador, on the road between Zumbahua and Laguna Quilotoa. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 343 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 686 pixel, file size: 152 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I shot this photo in Ecuador, on the road between Zumbahua and Laguna Quilotoa. ... Quilotoa (key-low-TOE-ah) is a water-filled caldera and the westernmost volcano in the Ecuadorian Andes. ... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... The Juan de Fuca plate sinks below the North America plate at the Cascadia subduction zone. ... The Peru-Chile Trench, also called Atacama Trench, is a submarine trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean, about 100 miles (160 km) off the coast of Peru and Chile. ... The tectonic plates of the Lithosphere on Earth. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998. ... The Jurassic Period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 199. ... // The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... Very tight folds. ... Two types of sedimentary rock: limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of a pre-existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form, derived from the Greek words meta, change, and morphe, form. The protolith is subjected to extreme heat (>150 degrees Celsius) and pressure causing profound... World geologic provinces. ... Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ...  The Nacza plate, shown in light blue The Nazca Plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America. ... The Antarctic plate is shown in blue on this map The Antarctic Plate is a continental tectonic plate covering the continent of Antarctica and extending outward under the surrounding oceans. ...  The South American plate, shown in purple The South American Plate is a tectonic plate covering the continent of South America and extending eastward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ... // Orogeny (Greek for mountain generating) is the process of mountain building, and may be studied as a tectonic structural event, as a geographical event and a chronological event, in that orogenic events cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, affect certain regions of rocks and crust and happen within... A transform fault is a geological fault that is a special case of strike-slip faulting which terminates abruptly, at both ends, at a major transverse geological feature. ... Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ...  The Scotia plate, shown in blue-green towards the bottom of the map The Scotia Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate bordering the South American Plate on the north, the South Sandwich microplate to the east, and the Antarctic Plate on the south and west. ... Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. ... Antarctic Peninsula map Booth Island and Mount Scott flank the narrow Lemaire Channel on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula. ... The Andes range has many active volcanoes, including Cotopaxi, one of the highest active volcanoes in the world. Cotopaxi is a volcano located about 50 km south of Quito, Ecuador. ... The Andes can be divided into three sections: the Southern Andes in Argentina and Chile; the Central Andes, including the Chilean and Peruvian cordilleras; and the northern section in Venezuela, Colombia, and northern Ecuador consisting of two parallel ranges, the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Oriental. In Colombia, north to the border with Ecuador, the Andes split in three parallel ranges, western, central and eastern. (cordillera occidental, central y oriental). The eastern range is the only that extends to Venezuela. The term cordillera comes from the Spanish word meaning 'rope'. The Andes range is approximately 200–300 km wide throughout its length, except in the Bolivian flexure where it is 640 km wide. The islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, which lie in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Venezuela, represent the submerged peaks of the extreme northern edge of the Andes range. Anthem: Tera di Solo y suave biento Capital (and largest city) Kralendijk Official languages Dutch Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles  - Bonaire Administrator  - Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional monarchy part of the Netherlands Antilles  Area  - Total 288 km² 111 sq mi  Population  - 2001 census 10,791  - Density... For other uses, see Curaçao (disambiguation). ... [edit] Climate The climate in the Andes varies greatly depending on location, altitude, and proximity to the sea. The southern section is rainy and cool, the central Andes are dry. The northern Andes are typically rainy and warm, with an average temperature of 18 °C in Colombia. The climate is known to change drastically. Tropical rainforests exist just miles away from the snow covered peak, Cotopaxi. The mountains have a large effect on the temperatures of nearby areas. The snow line depends on the location. It is at between 4,500–4,800 m in the tropical Ecuadorian, Colombian, Venezuelan, and northern Peruvian Andes, rising to 4,800–5,200 m in the drier mountains of southern Peru south to northern Chile south to about 30°S, then descending to 4,500 m on Aconcagua at 32°S, 2,000 m at 40°S, 500 m at 50°S, and only 300 m in Tierra del Fuego at 55°S; from 50°S, several of the larger glaciers descend to sea level (Google Earth/World Wind images). Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests of the world Amazon river rain forest in Peru Amazon river rain forest in Brazil Tropical rainforests are rainforests generally found near the equator. ... The snow line is the point above which, or poleward of which, snow and ice cover the ground throughout the year. ... Tierra del Fuego Cerro Sombrero Village, Chile. ... Google Earth is a virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole, Inc. ... Screenshot of World Wind showing USGS Urban Ortho-Imagery of Huntington Beach, Los Angeles World Wind is a virtual globe developed by NASA for use on personal computers running Microsoft Windows. ... [edit] Plant and animal life Tropical rainforests and rainforests encircle the northern Andes. The cinchona, a source of quinine which is used to treat malaria, is found in the Bolivian Andes. The high-altitude Polylepis forests are present in the Andean areas of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. The trees, Queñua, Yagual and other names that local people use to call them, can be found at altitudes of 4,500 m above sea level. Once abundant, the forests began disappearing during the Incan period when much of it was used for building material and cooking fuel. The trees are now considered to be highly endangered with only 10% of the original forests remaining [1]. Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical rain forests, are a tropical and subtropical biome. ... A rainforest is a forested biome with high annual rainfall. ... Species See text Cinchona L., is the name of a genus in Rubiaceae family, large evergreens that can grow over 10 metres tall. ... Quinine (IPA: ) is a natural white crystalline alkaloid having antipyretic (fever-reducing), anti-smallpox, analgesic (painkilling), and anti-inflammatory properties and a bitter taste. ... Polylepis is a genus of trees and shrubs restricted to the Andes of South America. ... The llama can be found living at high altitudes, predominantly in the Peru and Bolivia. The alpaca, a type of llama, is raised for its wool. The nocturnal chinchilla, an endangered member of the rodent order, inhabits the Andes' alpine regions. The South American condor is the largest bird of its kind in the Western hemisphere. Other animals include the huemul, cougar, camelids and, for birds, the partridge, parina, huallata, and coot. Llamas and cougars play important roles in many Andean cultures. Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... For other uses, see Chinchilla (disambiguation). ... Suborders Sciuromorpha Castorimorpha Myomorpha Anomaluromorpha Hystricomorpha Rodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously-growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must be kept short by gnawing. ... Genera Vultur Gymnogyps For other uses, see Condor (disambiguation). ... Species Hippocamelus bisulcus Molina, 1782 Hippocamelus antisensis dOrbigny, 1834 The huemuls are endangered mammals of the Cervidae family, in the genus Hippocamelus. ... For other uses, see Cougar (disambiguation) or Puma (disambiguation). ... Map of the world showing distribution of camelids. ... For other uses, see Partridge (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (Eyton, 1838) The Andean Goose, Chloephaga melanoptera, is a member of the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae. ... Species Fulica cristata Fulica atra Fulica alai Fulica americana Fulica caribaea Fulica leucoptera Fulica ardesiaca Fulica armillata Fulica rufifrons Fulica gigantea Fulica cornuta Fulica newtoni Fulica chathamensis The coots are medium-sized water birds which are members of the rail family. ... [edit] The people Map showing cultural influence in the Andes. The Inca Empire developed in the northern Andes during the 1400s. The Incas formed this civilization through careful and meticulous governmental management. The government sponsored the construction of aqueducts and roads, some of which, like those created by the Romans, are still in existence today. The aqueducts turned the previously scattered Incan tribe into the agricultural and eventually militaristic masters of the region. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1800x3600, 3986 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Andes ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1800x3600, 3986 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Andes ... Capital Cusco 1197-1533 Vilcabamba 1533-1572 Language(s) Quechua, Aymara, Jaqi family, Mochic and scores of smaller languages. ... This article is about the structure aqueduct, for the racecourse see Aqueduct Racetrack. ... This page is related to transport; you may be looking for the 2002 Bollywood movie Road. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Devastated by deadly European diseases to which they had no immunity, the Incas were conquered by an army of 180 men led by Pizarro in 1532. One of the few Inca cities the Spanish never found in their conquest was Machu Picchu, which lay hidden on a peak on the edge of the Andes where they descend to the Amazon. The main surviving languages of the Andean peoples are those of the Quechua and Aymara language families. Immunity is a medical term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. ... Francisco Pizarro ( 1475–June 26, 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Inca Empire and founder of the city of Lima. ... Machu Picchu (Quechua: Machu Pikchu Old Peak) is a pre-Columbian Inca city located at 2,430 m (7,970 ft) altitude[1] on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, about 70 km (44 mi) northwest of Cusco. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Quechuan languages. ... Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara of the Andes. ... [edit] Mountaineering/Surveying Woodbine Parish and Joseph Barclay Pentland surveyed a large part of the Bolivian Andes from 1826 to 1827. Sir Woodbine Parish (September 14, 1796—August 16, 1882) was a British diplomat and traveler. ... Medallion of Joseph Barclay Pentland, by Pierre Jean David Joseph Barclay Pentland (1797-1873) was an Irish geographer, natural scientist, and traveler. ... [edit] Transportation The people of the Andes are not well connected to urban regions. Due to the arduous terrain, vehicles are of little use. People generally walk to their destinations, using the llama as their primary pack animal. [edit] Agriculture The ancient peoples of the Andes such as the Incas have practiced irrigation techniques for over 6,000 years. Because of the mountain slopes, terracing has been a common practice. Maize was an important crop for these people. Currently, tobacco, cotton and coffee are the main export crops. The potato holds a very important role as an internally consumed crop. Photograph of young Peruvian farmers sowing maize and beans. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixels, file size: 654 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Young farmers sow a mixture of corn and beans in a terrace in Andamarca, Valley Sondondo, Perú. Conquistadors brought plows and cattle when they arrived in... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixels, file size: 654 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Young farmers sow a mixture of corn and beans in a terrace in Andamarca, Valley Sondondo, Perú. Conquistadors brought plows and cattle when they arrived in... [edit] Mining Mining is quite prosperous in the Andes, with iron, gold, silver and copper being the main production minerals. The Andes are reputed to be one of the most important sources of these minerals in the world. [edit] Peaks This is a partial listing of the major peaks in the Andes mountain range— [edit] Argentina See also List of mountains in Argentina Aconcagua, 6,962 m Cerro Bonete, 6,759 m (not 6,872 m) Galán, 5,912 m (not 6,600 m) Mercedario, 6,720 m Pissis, 6,795 m (not 6,882 m) Aconcagua, Argentina This is an incomplete list of the highest and most important mountains in the Territory of the Argentine Republic Mountains by system and height Aconcagua (Mendoza) 6,962 m Cerro El Plomo 6,070 m Cerro Ameghino approx. ... Cerro Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas. ... For the Spanish municipality see Bonete (Spain) Cerro Bonete is a mountain in the north of the province of La Rioja, Argentina, near the provincial border with Catamarca. ... Galán is a mountain in Catamarca Province, Argentina. ... Cerro Mercedario is the highest peak of the Cordillera de la Ramada range and the third highest mountain of the Andes. ... Monte Pissis is an extinct volcano in La Rioja Province, Argentina. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 331 KB) Aconcagua, Argentina, January, 2005, by Sergio Schmiegelow File links The following pages link to this file: Aconcagua Gallery of mountains ... Cerro Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas. ... [edit] Argentina/Chile border Cerro Bayo, 5,401 m Cerro Chaltén, 3,375 m or 3,405 m, Patagonia, also known as Cerro Fitz Roy Cerro Escorial, 5,447 m Cordón del Azufre, 5,463 m Falso Azufre, 5,890 m Incahuasi, 6,620 m Lastarria, 5,697 m Llullaillaco, 6,739 m Maipo, 5,264 m Marmolejo, 6110 m Ojos del Salado, 6,893 m Olca, 5,407 m Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas, 6,127 m Socompa, 6,051 m Nevado Tres Cruces, 6,749 m (south summit) (III Region) Tronador, 3,491 m Tupungato, 6,570 m Nacimiento, 6,492 m Torres del Paine, Chile Cerro Bayo is a volcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Cerro Chaltén, also known as Cerro Fitzroy, is a mountain located in the Los Glaciares National Park of Patagonia, near the El Chaltén village, on the border between Argentina and Chile. ... Patagonia, as most commonly defined (in orange). ... Cerro Escorial is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Cordón del Azufre is a small volcanic complex located on the Central Andes, at the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Falso Azufre is a volcano complex at the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Incahuasi is a mountain in Catamarca Province, Argentina. ... Lastarria is a stratovolcano along the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Llullaillaco is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina (province of Salta) and Chile. ... Maipo is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Marmolejo is a peak in the Andes on the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Ojos del Salado is a stratovolcano in the Andes on the border of Argentina-Chile. ... Olca is a stratovolcano on the border of Chile and Bolivia. ... Sierra Nevada, also known as Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas, is a complex volcano which lies in both Chile and Argentina. ... Socompa is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. ... Nevado Tres Cruces is a mountain in the Andes Mountains. ... Tronador is a stratovolcano in the border between Argentina and Chile near Bariloche, separating two National Parks: Nahuel Huapi in Argentina and Vicente Pérez Rosales in Chile. ... Tupungato is one of the highest mountains in South America, lying near the Chilean-Argentine border. ... Nacimiento may refer to: Nacimiento, Spain, Almería, Spain Nacimiento (mountain peak) Nacimiento, Chile Category: ... Image File history File links Andes_-_punta_arenas. ... Torres del Paine, Chile A view of the Torres del Paine National Park The three Towers of Paine (Spanish: Torres del Paine) in southern Chile are gigantic granite monoliths shaped by the forces of glacial ice. ... Llullaillaco, Chile/Argentina Image File history File links Download high resolution version (952x540, 76 KB) Llullaillaco (Chile, Argentina) by User:HeikoStamer 2002. ... Llullaillaco is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina (province of Salta) and Chile. ... [edit] Bolivia Ancohuma, 6,427 m Cabaray, 5,860 m Chacaltaya, 5,421 m Huayna Potosí, 6,088 m Illampu, 6,368 m Illimani, 6,438 m Macizo de Larancagua, 5,520 m Macizo de Pacuni, 5,400 m Nevado Anallajsi, 5,750 m Nevado Sajama, 6,542 m Patilla Pata, 5,300 m Tata Sabaya, 5,430 m Ancohuma is the third highest mountain in Bolivia. ... Cabaray is stratovolcano in Bolivia. ... Chacaltaya is a mountain in Bolivia with an elevation of 5421 m (17,785 feet). ... Huayna Potosí is a mountain in Bolivia, located about 25 km north of La Paz in the Cordillera Real. ... Illampu is the fourth highest mountain in Bolivia. ... Illimani is an extinct stratovolcano in western Bolivia, just south of La Paz and east of the Altiplano, in the Cordillera Oriental range of the Andes Mountains. ... Macizo de Larancagua is a stratovolcano in Bolivia. ... Macizo de Pacuni is a stratovolcano in Bolivia. ... Nevado Analljsi is stratovolcano in Bolivia. ... Nevado Sajama is an extinct stratovolcano and the highest peak in Bolivia. ... Patilla Pata is a stratovolcano in Bolivia. ... Tata Sabaya is a stratovolcano in Bolivia. ... [edit] Bolivia/Chile border Acotango, 6,052 m Cerro Minchincha, 5,305 m Irruputuncu, 5,163 m Licancabur, 5,920 m (there is no "6,620 m Lincancaur" in Argentina) Olca, 5,407 m Parinacota, 6,348 m Paruma, 5,420 m Pomerape, 6,282 m Licancabur, Bolivia/Chile Acotango is the middle and highest of a group of stratovolcanos straddling the border of Bolivia and Chile. ... Cerro Minchincha is a stratovolcano on the border of Bolivia and Chile. ... Elevation: 5,163 m (16,939 ft) Latitude: 20° 44′ 0″ S Longitude: 68° 33′ 0″ W Location: Bolivia/Chile Range: Andes Type: Stratovolcano Last eruption: unknown First ascent: Easiest route: Irruputuncu is a stratovolcano which lies on the border of Chile and Bolivia. ... Licancabur is a stratovolcano which lies on the border of Chile and Bolivia (the peak proper being located in Chile) near the Laguna Verde. ... Olca is a stratovolcano on the border of Chile and Bolivia. ... Parinacota is a massive stratovolcano on the border of Chile and Bolivia. ... Paruma is a stratovolcano that lies on the border of Bolivia and Chile. ... Pomerape is a stratovolcano lying on the border of Chile and Bolivia. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1365, 246 KB) Licancabur and Laguna verde, by User:Gerd Breitenbach 2003, source File links The following pages link to this file: Licancabur ... Licancabur is a stratovolcano which lies on the border of Chile and Bolivia (the peak proper being located in Chile) near the Laguna Verde. ... [edit] Chile See also List of mountains in Chile Monte San Valentin, 4,058 m (Patagonia) Cerro Paine Grande, c. 2,750 m (Patagonia) (not 3,050 m) Cerro Macá, c.2300 m (Patagonia) (not 3,050 m) Monte Darwin, c.2500 m (Patagonia) Volcan Hudson, c.1900 m (Patagonia) Cerro Castillo Dynevor, c.1100 m (Patagonia) Mount Tarn, c.825 m (Patagonia) Santiago de Chile on the western slopes of a snowcapped Andes // Parinacota Volcano Acotango Aritinca Capurata Guallatiri Irruputuncu Isluga Parinacota Pomerape Taapaca Tacora Acamarachi Cerros de Incahuasi Acamarachi Aguas Calientes Aucanquilcha Azufre Caichinque Chiliques Colachi Colorado Escorial Guayaques Incahuasi Juriques Lascar Lastarria Licancabur Linzor Llullaillaco Minchincha Miñiques Miño Miscanti Olca Ollagüe Palpana Paranal Paruma Pular Puntas Negras Putana... Monte San Valentin, also known as Monte San Clemente, is the highest mountain in Chilean Patagonia1 and the highest mountain south of 40°S outside Antarctica. ... The Cordillera del Paine is a small but spectacular mountain group in Chilean Patagonia. ... Cerro Macá is a stratovolcano located to the north of the Aysén Fjord and to the east of the Moraleda Channel, in the Aysén Region of Chile. ... Mount Darwin, the highest peak in Tierra del Fuego at 2,488 metres (8,163 ft), forms part of the Cordillera of the Andes, South America, just to the north of the Beagle Channel. ... Mount Hudson (locally known as Cerro Hudson) is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, and the site of one of the largest eruptions in the twentieth century. ... Cerro Castillo mountain, also known as Castillo Dynevor is located on the Northwest coast of Skyring Sound, in Magallanes Region, Chile. ... Mount Tarn is a small mountain located on the southernmost part of the Strait of Magellan, in Brunswick Peninsula, about 70 km south of Punta Arenas, Chile. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Stgo_Abril. ... Location of Santiago commune in Greater Santiago Coordinates: , Region Province Foundation February 12, 1541 Government  - Mayor Raúl Alcaíno Lihn Area 1  - City 22. ... [edit] Colombia Galeras, 4,276 m Nevado del Huila, 5,365 m Nevado del Ruiz, 5,321 m Ritacuba Blanco, 5,410 m Snow Mountain of Quindio, 5,215 m Snow Mountain of Quindio, Colombia Galeras is a volcano in Colombia, near the city of Pasto. ... Nevado del Huila is a volcano located in Huila Department, Colombia. ... Space radar image of Nevado del Ruiz Nevado del Ruiz 2006 Nevado del Ruiz is an Andean stratovolcano in Caldas Department, Colombia. ... Ritacuba Blanco is the highest point of Cordillera Oriental, in the Andes Mountains of Colombia. ... Snow Mountain of Quindio is a volcano in the Andes of central colombia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Snow Mountain of Quindio is a volcano in the Andes of central colombia. ... [edit] Ecuador Antisana, 5,753 m Cayambe, 5,790 m Chimborazo, 6,268 m Corazón, 4,790 m Cotopaxi, 5,897 m El Altar, 5,320 m Illiniza, 5,248 m Pichincha, 4,784 m Quilotoa, 3,914 m Reventador, 3,562 m Sangay, 5,230 m Tungurahua, 5,023 m Rift valley near Quilotoa, Ecuador. Antisana is a volcano of the northern Andes, in Ecuador, 5,753 m high; also a village on its flanks, 13,000 ft high, the highest village in the world. ... For other uses of Cayambe, see Cayambe (disambiguation page) Cayambe (or Volcán Cayambe) is the name of a volcano located in the Cordillera Oriental, a branch of the Ecuadorian Andes. ... The inactive stratovolcano Chimborazo is Ecuadors highest summit. ... Corazón (span. ... Cotopaxi is a volcano located about 50 km south of Quito, Ecuador. ... El Altar is an extinct volcano on the western side of Sangay National Park in Ecuador, 170 km south of Quito. ... Illiniza is a volcano in Ecuador, located about 55 km southwest of Quito. ... Pichincha is an active volcano in the country of Ecuador, whose capital Quito wraps around its eastern slopes. ... Quilotoa (key-low-TOE-ah) is a water-filled caldera and the westernmost volcano in the Ecuadorian Andes. ... Reventador is an active volcano which lies in the eastern Andes in Ecuador. ... The Sangay is a constantly active volcano in southeastern Ecuador. ... Tungurahua (Quechua tunguri=gullet, rahua=burn, spit fire) is an active stratovolcano in Ecuador. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 343 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 686 pixel, file size: 152 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I shot this photo in Ecuador, on the road between Zumbahua and Laguna Quilotoa. ... Quilotoa (key-low-TOE-ah) is a water-filled caldera and the westernmost volcano in the Ecuadorian Andes. ... Chimborazo, Ecuador Hector Zumba Campos Jackson Heights NY File links The following pages link to this file: Chimborazo (volcano) ... The inactive stratovolcano Chimborazo is Ecuadors highest summit. ... [edit] Peru Alpamayo, 5,947 m Carnicero, 5,960 m El Misti, 5,822 m El Toro, 5,830 m Huascarán, 6,768 m Jirishanca, 6,094 m Pumasillo, 5,991 m Rasac, 6,040 m Rondoy, 5,870 m Sarapo, 6,127 m Seria Norte, 5,860 m Siula Grande, 6,344 m Yerupaja, 6,635 m Yerupaja Chico, 6,089 m Alpamayo, Peru Nevado Alpamayo is one of the most conspicuous peaks in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range (which is made up of about 50 peaks), part of the Peruvian Andes. ... El Misti (5,822 m) is a stratovolcano located in southern Peru near the city of Arequipa. ... Huascarán or Nevado Huascarán is a mountain of the Cordillera Blanca, part of the Western Andes. ... Siula Grande is a mountain in the Cordillera Huayhuash, in the Peruvian Andes. ... Yerupaja or Nevado Yerupaja is a mountain of the Cordillera Huayhuash in north central Peru, part of the Andes. ... Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1466 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Nevado Alpamayo is one of the most conspicuous peaks in the Cordillera Blanca mountain range (which is made up of about 50 peaks), part of the Peruvian Andes. ... El Misti, Peru ImageMetadata File history File links El_misti. ... El Misti (5,822 m) is a stratovolcano located in southern Peru near the city of Arequipa. ... [edit] Venezuela Pico Bolívar, 4,981 m Pico Humboldt, 4,940 m Pico La Concha, 4,870 m Pico Piedras Blancas, 4,740 m Pico Bolívar, Venezuela For the peak named after Bolivar in Colombia, see Pico Simón Bolívar. ... Pico Humboldt is Venezuelas second highest peak, at 4,940 meters above the sea level. ... The Pico Piedras Blancas (also known as Misamán), at 4737 Meters above sea level, is the highest mountain of the Sierra de la Culata range in the Mérida State, and the fifth highest mountain in Venezuela. ... Image File history File links Bolívar_usgs. ... For the peak named after Bolivar in Colombia, see Pico Simón Bolívar. ... Pico Humboldt, Venezuela Image File history File links Humboldt-peak. ... Pico Humboldt is Venezuelas second highest peak, at 4,940 meters above the sea level. ... [edit] References ^ The world's longest mountain range is ocean ridge, with a total length of over 80,000 km John Biggar, The Andes: A Guide For Climbers, 3rd. edition, 2005, ISBN 0-9536087-2-7 Tui de Roy, The Andes: As the Condor Flies. 2005, ISBN 1-55407-070-8 An oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, usually formed by plate tectonics. ... [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Andes PhotoGlobe: Andes around Mt. Mercedario Andes geology (University of Arizona) Climate and animal life of the Andes Civilizations of Ancient Peru Complete list of separate mountains in the Andes over 6000 m [2] Famous Andes peaks http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/southamerica.html Complete list of mountains in South America with a prominence of at least 1500 m Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since July 2007 | Mountain ranges of South America | Biodiversity hotspots | Regions of South America | Volcanic arcs Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains. ...

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	Andes Physics Tutor (297 words) Andes is an intelligent homework helper for physics. Andes was developed at the University of Pittsburgh and the United States Naval Academy. Andes was developed at the University of Pittsburgh and the United States Naval Academy with support from the Andes - MSN Encarta (998 words) The Andes formed during the Cretaceous period (about 138 million to about 65 million years ago) when the Pacific crustal plate began to slowly slide beneath the South American plate, uplifting and folding the sedimentary rocks that comprise the Andes (see Plate Tectonics). The northern Andes curve in an arc from northeast to southwest. The two main ranges of the central Andes, which are also known as the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Oriental, enclose the Altiplano, an extensive plateau in Bolivia and southern Peru between 3,600 to 4,000 m (12,000 to 14,000 ft) above sea level.
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