Andijan is the capital of the Andijon province, which includes the Ferghana Valley

Andijan (Andijon in Uzbek; also Andizhan, Andizan, Андижан) is the fourth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and the capital of the Andijan Province. It is located in the east of the country, at 40°47′ N 72°20′ E, in the Fergana Valley, near the border with Kyrgyzstan on the Andijan-Say River. It has an estimated population of 350,000. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Andijan Province (Uzbek: Andijon viloyati / Russian: Андижон вилояти) is an administration division, or viloyati of Uzbekistan, located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley in far eastern Uzbekistan. ... The Fergana Valley (also Ferghana Valley) is a region of Central Asia spreading across Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. ...

History

Andijan was an important stop on the Silk Road, lying roughly mid-way between Kashgar and Khodjend. Destroyed by Genghis Khan, it was rebuilt by his grandson Kaydu Khan, in the late 13th century, and became trhe capital of Fergana for the next three centuries. It is best known as the birthplace of Zahiruddin Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty in India, in 1483. He was fond of the place, and wrote in his memoirs that The Silk Road (Traditional Chinese: 絲綢之路; Simplified Chinese: 丝绸之路; pinyin: sÄ« chóu zhÄ« lù, Persian راه ابریشم Râh-e Abrisham) was an interconnected series of routes through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel, and connecting Changan (todays Xian), China, with Antioch, Syria, as well as other points. ... Location of Kashgar Kashgar, (Uyghur: قەشقەر/K̢ǝxk̢ǝr; Chinese: 喀什; pinyin: , 39°28′ N 76°03′ E), is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Khujand (Хужант also transliterated as Khudjand, Khudzhand, and Khodjend), formerly Leninabad is a city on the Syr-Darya at the mouth of the Ferghana Valley, and also gives its name to the northernmost region of the Republic of Tajikistan. ... For the German pop band, see Dschinghis Khan   Genghis Khan? (c. ... Fergana Fergana (also spelt Ferghana or Фергана) is a city in the Ferghana Valley, capital of the Fargona Viloyati of Uzbekistan. ... Zahir-ud-din Mohammad Babur , Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur (February 14, 1483 - December 26, 1530) emperor (1526–30) and founder of the Mughal dynasty of India, a descendant of the Mongol conqueror Timur (Tamerlane). ... The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ...

"Game and Sporting birds are plentiful in Andijan. The Pheasants get extremely fat, and it is said that not even four people can finish eating a stew made from just one"

The Baburnama Ed. & Trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York) 2002 p4

He is also very complimentary about the melons and apricots.

From the mid-eighteenth century Andijan was a part of the Khanate of Kokand. Andijan was seized by Russia in 1876, in the course of a campaign led by General Skobelev to suppress an insurrection directed against the Khan of Kokand, and became part of the new Ferghana Oblast. In 1898 it was the scene of another uprising, this time against the Russians, led by an Ishan from the nearby village of Min-Tyube. A thousand of his Murids attacked the Russian garrison in the early hours of the morning, killing a few soldiers, but the rebellion was easily suppressed. In 1902 most of Andijan was levelled by a severe earthquake, and consequently there are few buildings of historical interest. Khanate of Kokand was established in 1701 in kishlak Shohimardon by Minglar dynasty. ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Mikhail Dmitrievich Skobelev (1843-1882) was a Russian general famous for his conquest of Central Asia and heroism during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. ... 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Andijan during and after Soviet rule

During the Soviet Union, Andijan was separated from its historical hinterland when the present borders were created, dividing Ferghana Valley between three separate Soviet republics. Andijan itself became part of the Uzbek SSR. The borders did not make a great deal of difference during the Soviet period, as the entire region was developed to grow cash crops such as cotton and silk. The hinterland is the rural territory associated with an urban area, often a port. ... The Fergana Valley (also Ferghana Valley) is a region of Central Asia spreading across Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. ... State motto: Бутун дунё пролетарлари, бирлашингиз! (transliteration: Butun Dunyo Proletarlari, Burlashingiz! (Uzbek: Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ...

In the 1990s, though, the Andijan and the surrounding region became much more unstable. Poverty and an upsurge in Islamic fundamentalism produced tensions in the region which resulted in riots in Andijan in April 1990 in which the homes of Jews and Armenians were attacked. The town, and the region as a whole, suffered a severe economic decline following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Repeated border closures badly damaged the local economy, worsening the already widespread poverty of Andijan's inhabitants. Islamic fundamentalists established a presence in the city. In May 2003, a local man named Azizbek Karimov was arrested and accused of carrying out terrorist bombings on behalf of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. He was convicted and executed in April 2004. Islamic fundamentalism is primarily used in the Western world to describe Islamist groups. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... The phrase Islamic fundamentalism is primarily used in the West to describe Islamist groups. ... The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) is a movement to overthrow the government of Uzbekistan and replace it with a theocracy. ...

Andijan massacres

Main article: May 2005 unrest in Uzbekistan

In May 2005, 2,000 people protesting against the Uzbek government seized control of the prison and the regional administration building in the eastern city of Andijan. The protesters wanted legal charges dropped against 23 men accused of forming a cell of the Akramiya, a banned Islamist organistion [1]. In May 2005 unrest in Uzbekistan reached a head when Uzbek troops fired into a crowd of protesters in the eastern city of Andijan, killing an estimated 400 to 1000 people on 13 May. ... 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in May May 26: Eddie Albert May 25: Ismail Merchant May 25: Sunil Dutt May 25: Graham Kennedy May 22: Thurl Ravenscroft May 21: Howard Morris May 21: Subodh Mukherjee May 21: Stephen Elliott May 20... Demonstrators march through the intersection of 18th and M Streets NW in Washington DC at the A16 demonstration against the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on April 16, 2005. ... Akramiya this is a mujahideen group in Uzbekistan. ...

Uzbek security forces shot dead hundreds of the protesters in efforts to regain control of the city [2]. Independent reports put the number of dead between 400 and 600, almost entirely civilians. Although Uzbek authorities put the death toll as 169, this is widely regarded as an underestimate.

See also: Thinking-East Issue 2.5: Andijan, human rights in Uzbekistan, & Craig Murray

Economy

Andijan is an industrial center in an irrigated area that produces fruits, cotton and silk. Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... Silk weaver Silk is a natural protein fiber that can be woven into textiles. ...