Andisol profile

In USA soil taxonomy, Andisols are soils formed in volcanic ash and defined as soils containing high proportions of glass and amorphous colloidal materials, including allophane, imogolite, and ferrihydrite. In the FAO soil classification, Andisols are known as Andosols. Soil taxonomy provided by United States Department of Agriculture / Natural Resources Conservation Centre provides an elaborate classification of soil types according to several parameters and in several levels: Order, Suborder, Great Group, Subgroup, Family, and Series. ... For the heavy metal band see Soil (band) Soil is the layer of minerals and organic matter, in thickness from centimetres to a metre or more, on the land surface. ... Ash plume from Mt Cleveland, a stratovolcano Diamond Head, a well-known backdrop to Waikiki in Hawaii, is an ash cone that solidified into tuff Volcanic ash consists of very fine rock and mineral particles less than 2 mm in diameter that are ejected from a volcanic vent. ... The FAO developed a supra-national classification, also called World Soil Classification, which offers useful generalizations about soils pedogenesis in relation to the interactions with the main soil-forming factors. ...

Because they are generally quite young, Andisols typically are very fertile except in cases where phosphorus is easily fixed (this sometimes occurs in the tropics). They can usually support intensive cropping, with areas used for wet rice in Java supporting some of the densest populations in the world. Other Andisol areas support crops of fruit, maize, tea, coffee or tobacco. General Name, Symbol, Number phosphorus, P, 15 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 3, p Appearance waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless Standard atomic weight 30. ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Brown basmati rice Terrace of paddy fields in Yunnan Province, southern China. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... “Corn” redirects here. ... Look up tea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A cup of coffee Workers sorting and pulping coffee beans in Guatemala Coffee is a widely consumed beverage prepared from the roasted seeds — commonly referred to as beans — of the coffee plant. ... This article is about the product manufactured from Tobacco plants (Nicotiana spp. ...

Most Andisols occur around the Pacific Ring of Fire, with the largest areas found in central Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, the Pacific Northwest, Japan, Java and New Zealand's North Island. Other areas occur in the Great Rift Valley, Italy, Iceland and Hawaii. The Pacific Ring of Fire The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean. ... The Pacific Northwest from space This page is about the region that includes parts of Canada and the United States. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... North Island The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, the other being the South Island. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Fossil Andisols are known from areas far from present-day volcanic activity and have in some cases been dated as far back as the Precambrian 1.5 billion years ago. FOSSIL is a standard for allowing serial communication for telecommunications programs under DOS. FOSSIL is an acronym for Fido Opus Seadog Standard Interface Layer. ... The Precambrian (Pre-Cambrian) is an informal name for the eons of the geologic timescale that came before the current Phanerozoic eon. ...

Andisols are divided into the following suborders:

• Aquands - Andisols with a water table at or near the surface for much of the year.
• Cryands - Andisols of cold climates.
• Torrands - Andisols of very dry climates.
• Ustands - Andisols of semiarid and subhumid climates.
• Udands - Andisols of humid climates.
• Xerands - temperate Andisols with very dry summers and moist winters.
• Vitrands - relatively young Andisols that are coarse-textured and dominated by glass.

Soil texture triangle, showing the 12 major textural classes, and particle size scales. ...

See also

• Pedogenesis
• Pedology (soil study)
• Soil classification

Pedogenesis or soil evolution (formation) is the process by which soil is created. ... Pedology (pědǒlōgy), (from Russian: pedologiya, from the Greek pedon = soil, earth), is the study of soils and soil formation. ... Soil classification deals with the systematic categorization of soils based on distinguishing characteristics as well as criteria that dictate choices in use. ...

References

• Andisols. USDA-NRCS. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
• Andisols. University of Florida. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
• Andisols. University of Idaho. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.