André Jolivet (August 8, 1905 – December 20, 1974) was a French composer. Known for his devotion to French culture and musical thought, Jolivet's music draws on his interest in acoustics and atonality as well as both ancient and modern influences in music, particularly on instruments used in ancient times. He composed in a wide variety of forms for many different types of ensembles. August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1974 is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). ...

Born in Paris to artistic parents (one a painter, one a pianist), Jolivet was encouraged by them to become a teacher, going to teachers' college and teaching primary school in Paris (taking three years in between to serve in the military). However, he eventually chose to instead follow his own artistic ambitions and take up first cello and then composition. He first studied with Paul Le Flem, who gave him a firm grounding in classical forms of harmony and counterpoint. After hearing his first concert of Arnold Schoenberg he became interested in atonal music, and then on Le Flem's recommendation became the only European student of Edgard Varése, who passed on his knowledge of musical acoustics, [[atonal music], sound masses, and orchestration. In 1936 Jolivet founded the group La jeune France along with composers Olivier Messiaen, Daniel Lesur and Yves Baudrier, who were attempting to re-establish a more human and less abstract form of composition. La jeune France developed from the avant-garde chamber music society '‘La spirale’' formed by Jolivet, Messiaen, and Lesur the previous year. The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... A cropped image to show the relative size of a cello to a human (Uncropped Version) The violoncello, or as it is more commonly to refered to as the cello or cello (pronounced Cheh-loh), is a stringed instrument and a member of the violin family. ... Paul Le Flem (March 18, 1881 - July 31, 1984) was a French composer and musician. ... Arnold Schoenberg, Los Angeles, 1948 For the American music critic and journalist, see Harold Charles Schonberg. ... Musical acoustics or music acoustics is the branch of acoustics concerned with researching and describing the physics of music — how sounds employed as music work. ... In contrast to more traditional musical textures, sound mass composition minimizes the importance of individual pitches in preference for texture, timbre, and dynamics as primary shapers of gesture and impact. ... For the use of the term orchestration in computer science, see orchestration (computers) Orchestration or arrangement is the study and practice of arranging music for an orchestra or musical ensemble. ... Olivier Messiaen (December 10, 1908 – April 27, 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithologist. ...

Jolivet's aesthetic ideals underwent many changes throughout his career. His initial desire as an adolescent was to write music for the theatre inspired his first compositions, including music for a ballet. Claude Debussy, Paul Dukas and Maurice Ravel were to be his next influences after hearing a concert of their work in 1919; he composed several piano pieces while training to become a teacher before going to study with Le Flem. Schoenberg and Varése were strongly evident in his first period of maturity as a composer, during which his style drew heavily upon atonality] and modernistic ideas. Mana (1933), the beginning of his "magic period", was a work in six parts for piano, with each part named after one of the six objects Varése left with him before moving to the United States. Jolivet's intent as a composer throughout his career was to "give back to music its original, ancient meaning, when it was the magical, incantatory expression of the religious beliefs of human groups." Mana, even as one of his first mature works, is a reflection of this; Jolivet considered the sculptures as fetish objects. His further writing continues to seek the original meanings of music and its capacity for emotional, ritual, and celebratory expression. Claude Debussy (Achille-) Claude Debussy (August 22, 1862 – March 25, 1918) was a composer of impressionistic European classical music. ... Paul Dukas (October 1, 1865 – May 17, 1935) was a French composer of classical music. ... Joseph-Maurice Ravel (March 7, 1875 – December 28, 1937) was a French composer and pianist, best known for his orchestral work, Boléro, and his famous 1922 orchestral arrangement of Modest Mussorgskys Pictures at an Exhibition. ... Atonality in a general sense describes music that departs from the system of tonal hierarchies that are said to characterized the sound of classical European music from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. ...

In 1945 he published a paper declaring that "true French music owes nothing to Stravinsky", though both composers drew heavily upon themes of ancient music in their work; Jolivet and La jeune France rejected neoclassicism in favor of a less academic and more spiritual style of composition. Later, during World War II, Jolivet shifted away from atonality and toward a more tonal and lyrical style of composition. After a few years of working in this more simplistic style, during which time he wrote the comic opera Dolorès, ou Le miracle de la femme laide (1942) and the ballet Guignol et Pandore (1943), he arrived at a compromise between this and his earlier more experimental work. The First Piano Sonata, written in 1945, shows elements of both these styles. Igor Fyodorovitch Stravinsky (Russian: ) (June 17, 1882 – April 6, 1971) was Russian-American composer of modern classical music. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air. ...

Finally realizing his youthful ambition to write for the theatre, Jolivet became the musical director of the Comédie Française in 1945, a post he held until 1959. While there he composed for plays by Molière, Racine, Sophocles, Shakespeare and Claudel, scoring 14 works in total. He also continued to compose for the concert hall, often inspired by his frequent travels around the world, adapting texts and music from Egypt, the Middle East, Africa and Asia into his distinctly French style. The Comédie-Française or Théâtre français is the only state theater in France. ... Molière, engraved frontispiece to his Works Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known as Molière (January 15, 1622 – February 17, 1673), was a French theatre writer, director and actor, one of the masters of comic satire. ... Jean Racine (December 22, 1639 - April 21, 1699) was a French dramatist, one of the big three of 17th century France (along with Molière and Corneille). ... A Roman bust of Sophocles. ... William Shakespeare—born April 1564; baptised April 26, 1564; died April 23, 1616 (O.S.), May 3, 1616 (N.S.)—has a reputation as the greatest of all writers in English. ... Paul Claudel (August 6, 1868 - February 23, 1955) was a French poet and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel. ...

During the 1950s and 1960s, Jolivet wrote several concertos for a variety of instruments including trumpet, piano, flute, harp, bassoon, percussion, cello, and violin. These works, while highly regarded, all demand virtuosic technical skill from the performers. Jolivet is also one of the few composers to write for the Ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument, completing a concerto for it in 1947, 19 years after the instrument's invention. Jolivet founded the Centre Français d'Humanisme Musical at Aix-en-Provence in 1959, and in 1961 went to teach composition at the Paris Conservatoire. He died in Paris, leaving unfinished his opera Le soldat inconnu. Origin Etymology Concerto (pl. ... Trumpeter performing with the United States Air Forces in Europe Band The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the tuba, euphonium, trombone, sousaphone, and french horn. ... This article is about the modern musical instrument. ... This article pertains to the musical instrument. ... The harp is a chordophone whose strings are positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. ... A Fox Instruments bassoon; view detail. ... Percussion instruments are played by being struck, shaken, rubbed or scraped. ... A cropped image to show the relative size of a cello to a human (Uncropped Version) The violoncello, or as it is more commonly to refered to as the cello or cello (pronounced Cheh-loh), is a stringed instrument and a member of the violin family. ... The violin is a stringed musical instrument that has four strings tuned a perfect fifth apart. ... Ondes martenot demonstrated by inventor Maurice Martenot The Ondes Martenot (or Ondes-Martenot or Ondes martenot or Ondium Martenot or Martenot or ondes musicale) is an early electronic musical instrument with a keyboard and slide invented in 1928 by Maurice Martenot, and originally very similar in sound to the Theremin. ... Aix (prounounced eks), or, to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, Aix-en-Provence is a city in southern France, some 30 km north of Marseille. ... Conservatoire de Paris, or Paris Conservatoire, has been central to the evolution of music in France and Western Europe. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

Selected works

• Chamber music :

12 Inventions for wind quintet, trumpet, trombone, and string quintet

2 Sonatas for piano (1945, 1957)

Andante and adagio for strings

Chant de Linos, for flute, violin, viola, cello, and harp (1944)

Cinq Danses rituelles (1939)

Cinq Incantations, for flute (1936)

Cosmogonie

Cérémonial, homage to Varèse for six percussion instruments

Hymne à l'univers

Mana, six pieces for piano (1935)

Mandala, organ

Pastorales de Noël, for flute, bassoon, and harp (1993)

String Quartet (1934)

Rhapsodie à sept, for seven winds and strings

Sérénade, for two guitars (dedicated to the duo of Ida Presti and Alexandre Lagoya)

Sonata for flute

Sonatine for flute and piano (1961)

Sonatine for flute and cello

Sonatine for oboe and bassoon

Suite Delphique, for 12 instruments

Suite en concert for flute and four percussion instruments

Suite en concert for cello (1965)

• Concertos:

2 Cello Concertos (1962, 1966)

Concerto for trumpet, strings, and piano (1948)

Concerto for bassoon, strings, harp, and piano (1954)

Concerto for flute and strings (1950)

Concerto for flute and percussion (1965)

Concerto for harp and chamber orchestra (1952)

Concerto for Ondes Martenot and orchestra (1947)

Concerto for piano

Concerto for trumpet (1954)

• Orchestral music:

3 Symphonies (1954, 1959, 1964)

Cinq Danses rituelles (orchestral version, 1939)

Cosmogonie (orchestral version, 1938)

Danse incantatoire (1936)

Suite delphique, for strings, harp, Ondes Martenot, and percussion (1943)

Symphony for strings (1961)

• Vocal music :

Songs

Les Trois Complaintes du soldat, for voice and orchestra (1940)

Poèmes pour l'enfant, for voice and eleven instruments (1937)

Songe à nouveau rêvé, concerto for soprano and orchestra

Suite liturgique pour voice, oboe, cello, and harp (1942)

Épithalame, for 12-part choir (1953)

• Sacred music :

La vérité de Jean, oratorio

Mass Uxor tua

Messe pour le jour de la paix

• Ballets :

Ariadne

Ballet des étoiles

Guignol et Pandore

L'inconnue

Les Quatre Vérités

Marines

• Operas :

Antigone

Bogomil (unfinished)

Dolorès ou Le miracle de la femme laide (1942)

1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Alexandre Lagoya (born June 21, 1929 in Alexandria, Egypt; died August 24, 1999) was a classical guitarist. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1966 was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1954 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1952 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1954 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1954 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

References

• Barbara Kelly: "André Jolivet". Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy. Accessed 28 May 2005. (subscription access).
• Arthur Hoérée, Richard Langham Smith: "André Jolivet". Grove Music Online (OperaBase), ed. L. Macy. Accessed 28 May 2005. (subscription access).
• Association "Les amis d'André Jolivet" web site, accessed 16 Jun 05 [1]