Andrea Luca Luchesi (May 23, 1741, Motta di Livenza - March 21, 1801, Bonn), was an Italian composer. May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Motta di Livenza is a town in the province of Treviso, Veneto, Italy. ... March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. ... Tomaso Albinoni, (1671-1751) Franco Alfano Gregorio Allegri, (1582-1652) Pasquale Anfossi Giuseppe Apolloni Emilio Arrieta Vincenzo Bellini, (1801-1835) Luciano Berio, (1925-2003) Luigi Boccherini, (1743-1805) Arrigo Boito, (1842-1918) Matteo Carcassi, (1792-1853) Giacomo Carissimi (1605-1674) Alfredo Catalani Antonio Cesti, (1623-1669) Luigi Cherubini, (1760-1842...

Biography

Andrea Luchesi was the eleventh child of Pietro Luchese and Caterina Gottardi. The rather wealthy family descended from groups of noble families, who moved from Lucca to Venice in the 14th century (hence the name Luchese. From 1764/65 Andrea began to use the name Luchesi, which we can find written by his contemporaries also as Lucchesi, Lughesi, Luckesi, Lucchezzy, etc.). He grew up in his native town, receiving musical and general education from his elder brother Matteo, a priest, public tutor and organist. An organist is a musician who plays the organ, whether pipe or electronic. ...

At the age of 15 he moved to Venice. The protection of nobleman Jseppo Morosini enabled him to study with eminent musicians (Gioacchino Cocchi, Padre Paolucci, Giuseppe Saratelli, Domenico Gallo, Ferdinando Bertoni and the best-known of them Baldassare Galuppi). His career in Venice developed quickly: examiner of the organists commission in 1761, then organist at San Salvatore's (1764), composer of works for "organ or cembalo", instrumental, sacred and theatre music. He composed for official celebrations, the last one (1771) being the solemn funeral of the Duke of Montealegre, Spanish ambassador to Venice. As a famous virtuoso he was invited to play organ in and outside Venice, e.g. was in charge of inaugurating the new organ of the basilica of Saint Anthony in Padua. Venice, (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venexia) is the capital of the region of Veneto and the province of the same name in Italy. ... A musician is a person who plays or composes music. ... Gioacchino Cocchi (circa 1720 – 1804) was an Italian composer. ... Ferdinando Bertoni (Salò,1725 - Desenzano del Garda, 1st December, 1813) was an Italian composer and organist. ... Baldassare Galuppi (October 18, 1706 - January 3, 1785) was a Venetian composer noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa. ... Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Modern style pipe organ at the concert hall of Aletheia University in Matou, Taiwan The organ is a keyboard instrument with one or more manuals, and usually a pedalboard. ... Harpsichord in Flemish style; for more info, click the image. ... Religious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. ... Serge Sudeikins poster for the Bat Theatre (1922). ... An ambassador, rarely embassador, is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. ... A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, late Latin virtuosus, Latin virtus meaning: skill, manliness, excellence) is an individual who possesses outstanding technical ability at singing or playing a musical instrument. ... St. ... Saint Anthony of Padua (August 15, 1195 – June 13, 1231), also venerated (particularly in Portugal) as Saint Anthony of Lisbon (Santo António de Lisboa), is a Catholic saint who was born in Lisbon, Portugal as Fernando de Bulhões (pron. ... Tronco Maestro Riviera: a pedestrian walk along a section of the inland waterway or naviglio interno of Padua. ...

His knowledge of musical theory was enhanced by the didactic and artistic relationship he had (until his departure from Venice) with two of the most advanced theorists of that time, Padre Francesco Antonio Vallotti (a Franciscan, encoder of the Theory of dissonance) and count Giordano Riccati (a mathematician, acoustics physicist, architect, author of an essay on the laws of counterpoint).^[1] Music theory is a set of systems for analyzing, classifying, and composing music and the elements of music. ... Francesco Antonio Vallotti Francesco Antonio Vallotti (1697 - 1780) was an Italian composer, music theorist, and organist. ... The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... In music, a consonance (Latin consonare, sounding together) is a harmony, chord, or interval considered stable, as opposed to a dissonance, which is considered unstable. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Acoustics is a branch of physics and is the study of sound, mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids. ... ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An Ciara Danille Bowers is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... In music, counterpoint is a texture involving the simultaneous sounding of separate melodies or lines against each other, as in polyphony. ...

In the spring of 1765 his opera L'isola della fortuna was performed at the Hoftheater in Vienna. The Teatro alla Scala in Milan. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ...

While on tour in Italy in 1771, Leopold and Wolfgang Mozart met Andrea Luchesi and received one of his concertos for cembalo (Wolfgang was still playing the concerto in 1777, while Leopold and Nannerl used often the concerto for teaching and practising purposes). ^[2] Leopold Mozart Johann Georg Leopold Mozart (November 14, 1719 – May 28, 1787) was a composer, music teacher and violinist. ... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (baptized as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart; January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was a prolific and highly influential composer of Classical music. ... The term concerto (plural is concerti or concertos) usually refers to a musical work in which one solo instrument is contrasted with an orchestra. ... Maria Anna Mozart (30 July 1751-29 October 1829), nicknamed Nannerl Mozart. ...

At the end of 1771, he traveled to Bonn on a three-year contract, invited by the Prince Elector Archbishop of Cologne Maximilian Friederich who wished to raise the quality level of his court chapel. After the death of the previous Kapellmeister (Ludwig van Beethoven senior, i.e. the grandfather of Beethoven), Andrea Luchesi was nominated official court Kapellmeister in 1774. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. ... The prince-electors or electoral princes of the Holy Roman Empire — German: Kurfürst ( - singular), Kurfürsten (plural) — were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Emperors of Germany. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... A trial at the Old Bailey in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ... A Kapellmeister is nowadays the director or conductor of an orchestra or choir. ...

He acquired the principality's citizenship and in 1775 married Anthonetta Josepha d'Anthoin, daughter of Maximilian Friederich's senior counselor. With the exception of a visit to Venice in 1783-84, he lived in Bonn until his death in 1801, although his role as Kapellmeister ended in 1794, when the French invasion troops suppressed the court. A principality is a monarchical feudatory or sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a Monarch with the title of prince or princess (a synonym is princedom) or (in the widest sense) a Monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince. ... Naturalization is the act whereby a person voluntarily and actively acquires a nationality which is not his or her nationality at birth. ... An invasion is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government. ...

The young Beethoven, at the court chapel from 1781 to 1792 as assistant organist, cembalo and viola player, was Luchesi's most talented (and famous) pupil, although Beethoven himself never acknowledged Luchesi as his teacher. When the court organist Christian Gottlob Neefe temporarily replaced the Kapellmeister as conductor and teacher during his 1783-84 absence, Luchesi assigned the organ service to the very young Beethoven. Antonin Reicha, Bernhard and Andreas Romberg, and Ferdinand Ries are other pupils who achieved minor renown. Beethoven redirects here. ... The viola (in French, alto; in German Bratsche) is a string instrument played with a bow which serves as the middle voice of the violin family, between the upper lines played by the violin and the lower lines played by the cello and double bass. ... Christian Gottlob Neefe (Chemnitz, 5 February 1748 – 28 January 1798 in Dessau) was a German opera composer and conductor. ... A conductor conducting a band at a ceremony A conductors score and batons Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. ... Anton (Antonin; Antoine) Reicha (Prague, February 26, 1770 – Paris, May 28, 1836) was a Bohemian composer and theorist. ... Bernhard Heinrich Romberg (November 1767, Dinklage - August 13, 1841, Hamburg) was a German cellist and composer. ... Andreas Jakob Romberg (1767-1821) was born on April 27, 1767 in Vechta (Münster, Germany). ... Ferdinand Ries (1784–1838) was a Bonn-born pupil of Beethoven who published a collection of reminiscences of his teacher. ...

Luchesi had one daughter, who lived in Bonn till her death, and four sons. According to Neefe the first two sons (Maximilian Friederich, b. 11.12.1775, and M. Jakob Ferdinand, b. 18.12.1777) were gifted musicians.^[3]

Works

• L’isola della fortuna, opera buffa with libretto by Giovanni Bertati, performed at the Hoftheater, Vienna, in 1765; also in Venice (1765) and at the Royal Theater in Lisbon (1767).
• Ademira, opera seria, for the Ascension Day in Venice (1784), to honour the visit of king Gustavus III of Sweden
• Other operas: Il marito geloso (1766), Le donne sempre donne (1767), Il giocatore amoroso (1769), Il matrimonio per astuzia (1771), Il Natal di Giove, L’inganno scoperto ovvero il conte Caramella (1773, with libretto from Carlo Goldoni), L’amore e la misericordia guadagnano il gioco (1794).
• Oratorio Sacer trialogus (1768)
• Stabat Mater (about 1770)
• Requiem (1771) in F, for the state funeral of the duke of Montealegre in San Geremia’s.
• Various masses and sacred works, including: Mass for San Lorenzo in Venice, Mass for the "Festa della concezione di Maria" in Verona, Te Deum for the Incurabili conservatory in Venice
• Passione di N.S. Gesù Cristo (1776), on a text from Metastasio
• Many organ works, including:
  • 12 sonatas known as Donelli Collection (completed by 1764), now at the Naples Conservatory
  • 6 sonatine and 8 divertimenti, now at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
  • 2 sonates pour l’orgue in the 'Menus plaisirs du Roi', Paris
• Celebration music for the feast of San Rocco in Venice (1769)
• Serenata for the duke of Brunswick (1764)
• Cantata for the duke of Wurttemberg (1767)
• 2 Symphonies (by 1768)
• 6 Sonatas 'per il cembalo con l’accompagnamento di un violino' Op.1 (Bonn, 1772)
• Sonata in fa ‘per il cimbalo’ (1771-73?), now at the University of Münster
• 3 Symphonies op. 2 (Bonn,1773) - lost
• Concerto for harpsichord (Bonn,1773) – four more concertos/trios are lost
• Cantata for the election to Bishop of Archiduke Max Franz (1785 – attributed to Luchesi in the Bonn Stadtarchiv)
• Sonate facile for cembalo and violin (Leipzig, 1796)

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Comic opera. ... A libretto is the complete body of words used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, musical, and ballet. ... Opera seria is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and serious style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1720s to ca 1770. ... Carlo Goldoni Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (25 February 1707 - 6 February 1793) was a celebrated Italian playwright, whom critics today rank among the European theatres greatest authors. ... An oratorio is a large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. ... Mater dolorosa became an iconic type, as in this sixteenth-century Spanish version by Luis de Morales (c. ... The Requiem or Requiem Mass, also known formally (in Latin) as the Missa pro defunctis or Missa defunctorum, is a liturgical service of the Roman Catholic Church and, in a wholly different ritual form, the Eastern Rite Catholic Churches. ... The Mass, a form of sacred musical composition, is a choral composition that sets the fixed portions of the Eucharistic liturgy (principally that of the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, generally known in the US as the Episcopal Church, and also the Lutheran Church) to music. ... Religious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. ... Te Deum is an early Christian hymn of praise. ... Pietro Trapassi (January 13, 1698 - April 12, 1782), Italian poet, is better known by his pseudonym of Metastasio. ... The Bay of Naples Naples (Italian: , Neapolitan: Nàpule, from Greek Νεάπολη < Νέα Πόλις Néa Pólis New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of the Campania region and the Province of Naples. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: Federal District District of Columbia Mayor Anthony A. Williams (D) City Council Chairperson: Linda W. Cropp (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack Evans... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Braunschweig (historic English name Brunswick, Low Saxon Brunswiek) is a city of 245,500 people (as of December 31, 2004), located in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Cantata (Italian for a song or story set to music), a vocal composition accompanied by instruments and generally containing more than one movement. ... Württemberg (often spelled Wurttemberg in English) refers to an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in south-western Germany. ... A symphony is an extended composition usually for orchestra and usually comprising four movements. ... Sonata (From Latin and Italian sonare, to sound), in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to cantata (Latin cantare, to sing), a piece sung. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Town Hall in the Prinzipalmarkt Münster: the Prinzipalmarkt with St Lamberts church Münster is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... The term concerto (plural is concerti or concertos) usually refers to a musical work in which one solo instrument is contrasted with an orchestra. ... Two bishops assist at the Exhumation of Saint Hubert, who was a bishop too, at the église Saint-Pierre in Liège. ... [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the Federal State (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ...

The Luchesi authorship controversy

Recent work by the Italian scholar Giorgio Taboga has claimed that many of the best known works by two famous composers of the Classical era, Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, were actually written by Andrea Luchesi. For discussion and references to Taboga's work see Luchesi authorship controversy. The Classical period in Western music occurred from about 1730 through 1820, despite considerable overlap at both ends with preceding and following periods, as is true for all musical eras. ... Franz [1] Joseph Haydn (March 31, 1732 – May 31, 1809) was one of the most prominent composers of the Classical period, called the Father of the Symphony and Father of the String Quartet. A life-long resident of Austria, Haydn spent most of his career as a court musician for... Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (baptized as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart; January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) was a prolific and highly influential composer of Classical music. ... The Luchesi authorship controversy concerns a claim by the Italian scholar G. Taboga that many of the most celebrated works by the famous composers of the Classical era Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were actually written in secret by Andrea Luchesi, a rarely mentioned Italian composer (1741-1801) who...

References

1. ^ G. Taboga, A case of damnatio personae - Andrea Luchesi, and his role in the birth of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven myths, Episteme No. 4, September 2001. (Previously published in: Quaderni del Dipartimento di Matematica Statistica, Informatica ed Applicazioni, Serie Miscellanea, Anno 2000 No. 4 – University of Bergamo, under the title: Andrea Luchesi, misunderstood genius between Riccati and Beethoven)
2. ^ G. Prod’homme, Mozart raconté par ceux qui l’ont connu, Paris 1928, page 15 See also : Leopold’s letter dated 11th June 1778
3. ^ C.G. Neefe, Letter dated 8.4.1787 to the Cramer's Magazine

• J.B. de La Borde, Essai sur la musique, Paris 1780
• G.Taboga, Andrea Luchesi – L’ora della verità, Ponzano Veneto 1994 (in Italian)
• Claudia Valder-Knechtges, Die weltliche Werke A.Luchesis, Bonner Geschichtsblätter, xxxvi, 1984 (in German)
• G.Taboga, E se non tutto Mozart fosse di Mozart, Storiainrete, No.3, 2006, pages 10-17
• G. Taboga, A. Luchesi, Maestro di cappella del principato di Colonia a Bonn, Restauri di Marca n.3 (special issue), Villorba/Treviso April 1993 [I]
• G. Taboga, L'assassinio di Mozart, Lucca 1997 [I]
• C. Valder-Knechtges: Die Kirchenmusik Andrea Luchesis (1741-1801): Studien zu Leben und Werk des letzten kurkölnischen Hofkapellmeisters (Berlin, 1983) [G], with first catalogue of Luchesi’s sacred works.
• C. Valder-Knechtges: Andrea Luchesi: Verzeichnis der Instrumentalwerke, Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für rheinische Musikgeschichte, lxxvi (1989) [G]
• C. Valder-Knechtges: Ein Jahrhundert der Musik in Bonn, Bonn als kurkölnische Haupt- und Residenzstadt: 1597-1794, Geschichte der Stadt Bonn, iii (Bonn, 1989), pages 471-515 [G]
• C. Valder-Knechtges: Andrea Luchesi: ein Italiener im Umkreis des jungen Beethoven, Bonner Geschichtsblätter, xl (1990), pages 29-56 [G]
• L.della Croce: (Italian translation of the paper Der junge Beethoven und “sein" Kapellmeister Andrea Luchesi at the 1999 Beethoven congress at the Hochschule der Künste Berlin), Rassegna Musicale Italiana, anno IV No.15 July/September 1999 pages 13-16.
• Fausto Torrefranca: Le origini italiane del romanticismo musicale, Torino 1930, pages 557-558 [I]
• Amedeo Aroma: "Settecento organistico Trevigiano" ed. Ateneo di Treviso, 1997.
• Amedeo Aroma: "Civiltà Organistica Trevigiana fra Settecento e Ottocento", Treviso 2000.
• T.A.Henseler: Andrea Luchesi, der letzte bonner Kapellmeister zur Zeit des jungen Beethovens, Bonner Geschichtsblätter, Bonn 1937, pages 225-364 [G]