Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt (1486 – December 24, 1541), better known as Andreas Karlstadt, was a Christian theologian during the Protestant Reformation. He was born in 1486 in Karlstadt, Franconia. Events Tízoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan dies. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Christian theology practices theology from a Christian viewpoint or studies Christianity theologically. ... Another major contention was the tremendous corruption within the Churchs hierarchy, all the way up to the Bishop of Rome, who appointed individuals to various positions within the Church (bishop, cardinal, etc. ... Events Tízoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan dies. ... Karlstadt am Main, a town on the Main river in Bavaria, Germany, is the capital of the Landkreis Main-Spessart (Main-Spessart district). ...

Education

urch]], and in a document dated September 16, 1516 he wrote a series of 151 theses. (These should not be confused with Luther's 95 theses (1517), which addressed the same topic.) The 95 Theses. ...

In 1519, Johann Eck challenged Karlstadt to the Debate at Leipzig, although it was with Luther who Eck eventually debated. Johann Eck (November 13, 1486 – February 13, 1543) was a 16th century theologian and defender of Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation. ...   [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony in Germany with a population of over 504,000. ...

A papal bull was issued to excommunicate Karlstadt on June 15th, 1520. Luther was also named in the bull. Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ...

After the Diet of Worms (January-May, 1521), and while Luther was hiding at Wartburg Castle, Karlstadt worked toward reform in Wittenberg. On Christmas Day 1521, he performed the first reformed communion service. He renounced the idea of priestly celibacy, failed to elevate the host, wore secular clothing, shortened the mass, read the institution in German instead of Latin, rejected oral confession, and let the confessors take both bread and wine with their own hands during the Eucharist. Luther Before the Diet of Worms, photogravure after the historicist painting by Anton von Werner (1843–1915) in the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart The Diet of Worms (Reichstag zu Worms) was a general assembly (a Diet) of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a small town... Wartburg in Eisenach Wartburg Castle is situated on a 1230-foot (410 m) precipitous hill to the southwest of and overlooking the town of Eisenach in Thuringia. ... For other uses, see Eucharist (disambiguation). ...

In early January of 1522 the Wittenberg city council issued a decree authorizing the removal of imagery from churches and Karlstadt's Christmas service changes. On January 19th, Karlstadt married Anna von Mochau, the fifteen year old daughter of a poor nobleman. On January 20th the imperial government and the pope determined that Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony must reverse the changes. Frederick had most of the mass reverted, including the specific point that the Eucharist should be given in Catholic form. The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ... Frederick in an engraved portrait by Albrecht Dürer, 1524 Frederick III (January 17, 1463 – May 5, 1525), also known as Frederick the Wise, was Elector of Saxony (from the House of Wettin) from 1486 to his death. ...

Relationship with Luther

In early March, Luther returned from Wartburg. From March 9th to March 16th Luther gave eight sermons in which he stressed much of the same theology as Karlstadt, but urged caution. This was a major turning point in the relationship between Karlstadt and Luther. Karlstadt started having mystical leanings, started wearing peasants' clothing, asked to be called Brother Andreas, and became disenchanted with the academic lifestyle. In fact, he renounced his three doctoral degrees, withdrew from his university teaching faculty, and took on a pastorate in a peasant town.^{[citation needed]} Mysticism from the Greek μυστικός (mystikos) an initiate (of the Eleusinian Mysteries, μυστήρια (mysteria) meaning initiation[1]) is the pursuit of achieving communion or identity with, or conscious awareness of, ultimate reality, the divine, spiritual truth, or God through direct experience, intuition, or insight; and the belief that such experience is an...

In May 1523, Karlstadt was invited by the Orlamünde parish to be a pastor. He took the opportunity immediately. Here he instituted all of his radical reforms, and became the model of a communal reformation. Church music and art was no longer allowed, clerical matrimony was preached, and infant baptism was rejected. Perhaps most importantly, Orlamünde was where Karlstadt denied the presence of Christ at the Eucharist. Orlamünde is a town in the Saale-Holzland district, in Thuringia, Germany. ... Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ... Water is poured on the head of an infant held over the baptismal font of a Catholic church in the United States in 2004 In Christian religious practice, infant baptism is the baptism of young children or infants. ... Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ...

From spring 1524 Luther started to campaign against Karlstadt, denying his right to publish and preach without Luther's authorisation. In June, Karlstadt resigned as archdeacon. In July, Luther published the Letter to the Saxon Princes, in which he argued that Thomas Muentzer and Karlstadt agreed on their views, and were both dangerous sectarians. Thomas Müntzer, in an 18th century engraving by C. Van Sichem. ...

On August 22nd, 1524, Luther preached in Jena. Karlstadt hid in the crowd during Luther’s preaching, and was so livid he wrote to Luther asking to see him. This led to the infamous confrontation at the Black Bear Inn in a conversation recorded by a witness and published within a month of the confrontation. There were a number of misunderstandings between the two men. For example, Luther was firmly convinced that Karlstadt was pushing forward what would become the Peasants’ War while evidence shows Karlstadt to have been against the Rebellion. Another example is the incorrect accusation by Luther that Karlstadt was not authorized to preach at the city church in Wittenberg during Luther’s stay at Wartburg. The conversation ended when Luther gave Karlstadt a florin and told him to write against him. In September 1524 Karlstadt was exiled from Saxony by Frederick the Wise and George, Duke of Saxony. The Market Square in Jena. ... expanding insurgences The Peasants War (in German, der Deutsche Bauernkrieg) was a popular revolt in Europe, specifically in the Holy Roman Empire between 1524-1526 and consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a mass of economic as well as religious revolts by peasants, townsfolk and... Florin may refer to this modern currency: Aruban florin. ... Friedrich III (January 17, 1463 — May 5, 1525), also known as Frederick the Wise, was Elector of Saxony (from the House of Wettin) from 1486 to his death. ... Portrait by Lucas Cranach the Elder George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony (27 August 1471 - 17 April 1539), was duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539. ...

Peasant's War

When the Peasants’ War broke out, Karlstadt was threatened and wrote to Luther and asked if Luther could help him. Luther agreed to, and Karlstadt lived secretly in Luther's house for eight weeks. However, he had to sign a retraction and was not allowed to preach. This retraction, entitled “Apology” or “Apology by Dr. Andreas Karlstadt Regarding the False Charge of Insurrection Which has Unjustly Been Made Against Him,” contained a preface written by Luther. In March 1526, Luther's wife became godmother to Karlstadt's child. Karlstadt lived as a peasant in various towns in Saxony until 1529 when he retracted his retraction.

Death and legacy

Fleeing Saxony, Karlstadt preached in various towns and cities, including two stints in Zurich. In 1534 he went to Basel to become a preacher and professor. He remained in Basel until he died of the plague in 1541. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Location within Switzerland   Zürich[?] (German pronunciation IPA: ; usually spelled Zurich in English) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and capital of the canton of Zürich. ... Basel (British English traditionally: Basle and more recently Basel , German: Basel , French: Bâle , Italian: Basilea ) is Switzerlands third most populous city (166,563 inhabitants (2004); 690,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan area stretching across the immediate cantonal and national boundaries made Basel Switzerlands second-largest urban area... Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411) The Dead Man, or Black Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history. ...

During Karlstadt's lifetime he published about 90 writings in about 213 editions. Between the years 1518-1525, 125 editions of his works were published in Germany, more than any other writer save Luther.

Writings

• On the Removal of Images [Vom Abtun der Bilder], (1522)
• On Baptism [Vom dem Tauff]
• Letter from the community of Orlamünde to the people of Allstedt, (1524)

Baptism in early Christian art. ...

References

• Andreas Carlstadt: The Reformation Goes Radical, by John L. Hoh, Jr.
• Barge, Hermann. Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt,2 vols, Leipzig: Friedrich Brandstetter. 1905, 1907 Reprinted Nieuwkoop: B.de Graaf, 1968.
• Furcha, E.J. (Ed.) The Essential Carlstadt. Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 1995.
• Leroux, Neil R. 2003. Karlstadt’s Christ Tag Predigt: Prophetic rhetoric in an “evangelical.”
• mass. Church History: 102-137.
• Pater, Calvin Augustine. Karlstadt as the Father of the Baptist Movements: The Emergence of Lay Protestantism. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press, 1984, 1986.
• Sider, Ronald J. Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt: The Development of his Thought1517-1525, Leiden E.J. Brill,1974. (Ed.) Karlstadt’s Battle With Luther. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1978.

External links

• Karlstadt, Andreas Rudolff-Bodenstein von (1486-1541) in Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online