Andrew Browne Cunningham
7 January 1883 – 12 June 1963
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham
Nickname	"ABC"
Place of birth	Dublin, Ireland
Place of death	London
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1897 to 1946
Rank	Admiral of the Fleet
Commands	HMS Scorpion, HMS Rodney Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean First Sea Lord
Battles/wars	First World War - Dardanelles - Raids on Zeebrugge, Baltics Second World War - Attack on Taranto, - Battle of Cape Matapan, - Operation Torch
Awards	1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope Order of the Thistle, Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross, Order of Merit, Military Division, Distinguished Service Order and Two Bars
Relations	General Alan Cunningham
Other work	Lord High Commissioner to General Assembly of Church of Scotland, (1950 & 1952), Lord High Steward

Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, KT, GCB, OM, DSO** (7 January 1883 Р12 June 1963), older brother of General Sir Alan Cunningham, was a British admiral of the Second World War. is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Royal Navy Insignia Shoulder board The flag of an Admiral of the Fleet is the Union Flag, and is in 1:2 rather than the 2:3 of other admirals flags. ... HMS Scorpion was one of sixteen Beagle class destroyers in service with the Royal Navy in the First World War. ... HMS Rodney was a Nelson-class battleship of the Royal Navy. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... The British Mediterranean Fleet was part of the Royal Navy. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Combatants British Empire France Ottoman Empire Commanders Sackville Carden John de Robeck Otto Liman von Sanders Strength 31 battleships 3 battlecruisers 24 cruisers 25 destroyers 8 monitors 14 submarines 50+ transports Various mines and forts; otherwise Unknown Casualties 6 battleships sunk 3 battleships damaged 1 battlecruiser damaged 1 destroyer sunk... The church of Zeebrugge Zeebrugge (French: Zeebruges) is a harbour-town at the coast of Belgium, a subdivision of Bruges, for which it is the modern port. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Combatants United Kingdom Italy Commanders Lumley Lyster Inigo Campioni Strength 21 torpedo bombers 6 battleships 7 heavy cruisers 2 light cruisers 8 destroyers Casualties 2 torpedo bombers destroyed 1 battleship sunk 2 battleships damaged 1 cruiser damaged The naval Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11 November... Combatants United Kingdom Australia Italy Commanders Andrew Cunningham Angelo Iachino Strength 1 aircraft carrier 3 battleships 7 light cruisers 17 destroyers 1 battleship 6 heavy cruisers 2 light cruisers 17 destroyers Casualties 4 light cruiser lightly damaged 1 torpedo bomber destroyed 3 dead 1 battleship heavily damaged 3 heavy cruisers... Combatants United States United Kingdom Free French Forces Vichy France Commanders Dwight Eisenhower Andrew Cunningham Fran̤ois Darlan Strength 73,500 60,000 Casualties 479+ dead 720 wounded 1,346+ dead 1,997 wounded Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British-American invasion of French North Africa in... James VII ordained the modern Order. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... DSO medal The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat. ... Alan Cunningham, British Army Officer Sir Alan Gordon Cunningham (1st May 1887 _ 30th January 1983) was a British Army officer noted for victories over Italian forces in the East African Campaign during World War II. He was the younger brother of the renowned Admiral Andrew Cunningham. ... As the Sovereigns personal representative Lord High Commissioners were appointed to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland between 1603 and 1707. ... General assembly could be: The United Nations General Assembly General Assembly (presbyterian church), a supreme governing body, such as the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland See also List of Christian denominations#Presbyterian and Reformed Churches The General Assembly of Unitarian... The Church of Scotland (CofS; Scottish Gaelic: ), known informally by its pre-Union Scots name, The Kirk, is the national church of Scotland. ... The position of Lord High Steward of England, not to be confused with the Lord Steward, a court functionary, is the first of the Great Officers of State. ... N1, a London postal district n1, is Internet slang or Leetspeak for nice one N1, a road in Ireland N1, a road in South Africa N1, a Soviet rocket N1 is the RPM of the fan in a turbofan engine, expressed as a percentage of the maximum. ... Royal Navy Insignia Shoulder board The flag of an Admiral of the Fleet is the Union Flag, and is in 1:2 rather than the 2:3 of other admirals flags. ... James VII ordained the modern Order. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... DSO medal The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Alan Cunningham, British Army Officer Sir Alan Gordon Cunningham (1st May 1887 _ 30th January 1983) was a British Army officer noted for victories over Italian forces in the East African Campaign during World War II. He was the younger brother of the renowned Admiral Andrew Cunningham. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Cunningham was born in Rathmines, Dublin on 7 January 1883. After starting his schooling in Dublin and Edinburgh, Scotland, he enrolled at a Naval Academy, at the age of 10, beginning his association with the Navy. After passing out of Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, in 1898, he progressed rapidly in rank. He commanded a destroyer during the First World War and through most of the interwar period. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and two Bars, for his performance during this time, specifically for his actions in the Dardanelles and in the Baltics. Rathmines (Ráth Maonais in Irish) is a suburb on the southside of Dublin, about 3 kilometres south of the city centre. ... For other uses, see Dublin (disambiguation). ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC), Dartmouth, is the location of initial officer training in the Royal Navy, and is located on a hill overlooking the town of Dartmouth in the county of Devon, England. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... DSO medal The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat. ... Examples of Medal Bars A medal bar or medal clasp is a thin metal bar attached to the ribbon of a military decoration, civil decoration, or other medal. ... Combatants British Empire France Ottoman Empire Commanders Sackville Carden John de Robeck Otto Liman von Sanders Strength 31 battleships 3 battlecruisers 24 cruisers 25 destroyers 8 monitors 14 submarines 50+ transports Various mines and forts; otherwise Unknown Casualties 6 battleships sunk 3 battleships damaged 1 battlecruiser damaged 1 destroyer sunk... The three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. ...

In the Second World War, as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, Cunningham led British naval forces to victory in several critical Mediterranean naval battles. These included the attack on Taranto in 1940, the first completely all-aircraft naval attack in history,^[1] and the Battle of Cape Matapan in 1941. Cunningham was also responsible for the on-going struggle to supply Malta and oversight of the naval support for the various major allied landings in the Mediterranean littoral. In 1943, Cunningham was promoted to First Sea Lord, a position he held until his retirement in 1946. After his retirement Cunningham enjoyed several ceremonial positions including Lord High Steward at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. He died on 12 June 1963. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... The British Mediterranean Fleet was part of the Royal Navy. ... Combatants Allied Nations Axis Powers The Naval Battle of the Mediterranean was waged during World War II, to attack and keep open the respective supply lines of Allied and Axis armies, and to destroy the opposing sides ability to wage war at sea. ... This article is about the 1940 battle. ... Combatants United Kingdom Australia Italy Commanders Andrew Cunningham Angelo Iachino Strength 1 aircraft carrier 3 battleships 7 light cruisers 17 destroyers 1 battleship 6 heavy cruisers 2 light cruisers 17 destroyers Casualties 4 light cruiser lightly damaged 1 torpedo bomber destroyed 3 dead 1 battleship heavily damaged 3 heavy cruisers... The Malta Convoys were a series of supply convoys to sustain the Mediterranean island of Malta during World War 2. ... A littoral is the region near the shoreline of a body of fresh or salt water. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... The position of Lord High Steward of England, not to be confused with the Lord Steward, a court functionary, is the first of the Great Officers of State. ... British coronations are held in Westminster Abbey. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ...

Childhood

Andrew Cunningham was born at Rathmines, County Dublin, on 7 January 1883,^[2] the third of five children born to Professor Daniel Cunningham and his wife Elizabeth Cumming Browne, both of Scottish ancestry.^[3] His parents were described as having a "strong intellectual and clerical tradition," both grandfathers having been in the clergy. His father was a Professor of anatomy at Trinity College, Dublin whilst his mother stayed at home. Elizabeth Browne, with the aid of servants and governesses oversaw much of his upbringing; as a result he reportedly had a "warm and close" relationship with her. After a short introduction to schooling in Dublin he was sent to Edinburgh Academy, where he stayed with his Aunts Doodles and Connie May.^[4] At the age of 10 he received a telegram from his father asking "would you like to go into the Navy?" At the time, the family had no maritime connections, and Cunningham only had a vague interest in the sea. Nevertheless he replied "Yes, I should like to be an Admiral".^[5] He was then sent to a Naval Preparatory School, Stubbington House, which specialised in sending pupils through the Dartmouth entrance examinations.^[6] Cunningham passed the exams showing particular strength in mathematics.^[7] Rathmines (Ráth Maonais in Irish) is a suburb on the southside of Dublin, about 3 kilometres south of the city centre. ... Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Dublin Code: D Area: 921 km² Population (2006) 1,186,821 County Dublin (Irish: Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath), or more correctly today the Dublin Region[1] (Réigiúin Átha Cliath), is the area that contains the city of Dublin, the capital and largest city... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the domestic group. ... Human heart and lungs, from an older edition of Grays Anatomy. ... For other institutions named Trinity College, see Trinity College. ... A governess is a female employee from outside of the family who teaches children within the family circle. ... The Edinburgh Academy is an independent school. ... Stubbington House School was founded as a boys preparatory school, originally located in the Hampshire village of Stubbington, now part of the borough of Fareham. ... Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC), Dartmouth, is the location of initial officer training in the Royal Navy, and is located on a hill overlooking the town of Dartmouth in the county of Devon, England. ...

Early naval career

The Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich where Cunningham took a Sub-Lieutenant course

Along with 64 other men Cunningham joined the Royal Navy as a cadet aboard the training ship HMS Britannia in 1897.^[8] One of his classmates was future Admiral of the Fleet James Fownes Somerville.^[9] Cunningham was known for his lack of enthusiasm for field sports, although he did enjoy golf and spent most of his spare time "messing around in boats".^[8] He said in his memoirs that by the end of his course he was "anxious to seek adventure at sea". Although he committed numerous minor misdemeanors, he still obtained a very good for conduct.^[8] He passed out tenth in April, 1898, with first-class-marks for mathematics and seamanship.^[9] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1774x1162, 587 KB)Photograph by Colin Gregory Palmer taken in 2005 This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License v. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1774x1162, 587 KB)Photograph by Colin Gregory Palmer taken in 2005 This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License v. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... HMS Prince of Wales was a 121-gun screw-propelled first-rate ship of the line built in 1860 commanded by Commander Joseph Watson, converted to a training ship and renamed Britannia in 1869. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Fownes Somerville, GCB GBE DSO, (17 July 1882 – 19 March 1949) was one of the most famous British Admirals of World War II. // The son of Arthur Fownes Somerville (1850-1942, who appears to have spent some time farming sheep in New Zealand), James... Seamanship is the art of operating a ship or boat. ...

His first service was as a Midshipman on HMS Doris in 1899, serving at the Cape Station when the Second Boer War began.^[10] By February, 1900, he had transferred into the Naval Brigade as he believed "this promised opportunities for bravery and distinction in action." Cunningham then saw action at Pretoria and Diamond Hill as part of the Naval Brigade. Beginning in 1902, Cunningham took Sub-Lieutenant courses at Portsmouth and Greenwich; he served as Sub-Lieutenant on the battleship HMS Implacable,^[10] in the Mediterranean, for six months in 1903. In September 1903, he was transferred to HMS Locust to serve as second-in-command. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1904, and served on several vessels during the next four years. In 1908, he was awarded his first command, HM Torpedo Boat No. 14.^[10] A midshipman is a subordinate officer, or alternatively a commissioned officer of the lowest rank, in the navies of several English-speaking countries. ... HMS Doris was an Eclipse class masted cruiser of the Royal Navy. ... The South Atlantic Station was one of the geographical divisions into which the British Royal Navy divided its world-wide responsibilities. ... Combatants British Empire Orange Free State South African Republic Commanders Sir Redvers Buller Lord Kitchener Lord Roberts Paul Kruger Louis Botha Koos de la Rey Martinus Steyn Christiaan de Wet Casualties 6,000 - 7,000 (A further ~14,000 from disease) 6,000 - 8,000 (Unknown number from disease) Civilians... The British Naval Brigade and Royal Marines storm the stockade at Shimonoseki in September 1864. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A Lieutenant, Junior Grade, is a division officer in the United States Navy. ... Portsmouth Naval Dockyard. ... The Old Royal Naval College The Royal Naval College, Greenwich, was a Royal Navy training establishment between 1873 and 1998, in the centre of the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site in London. ... For other uses, see Battleship (disambiguation). ... HMS Implacable was a Formidable-class battleship of the British Royal Navy. ... For other ships of the same name, see HMS Locust. ... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval ship designed to launch torpedoes at larger surface ships. ...

First World War

Distinguished Service Order

Cunningham was a highly decorated officer during the First World War, receiving the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and two bars. In 1911 he was given command of the destroyer HMS Scorpion, which he commanded throughout the war. In 1914, Scorpion was involved in the shadowing of the German battlecruiser and cruiser SMS Goeben and SMS Breslau. This operation was intended to find and destroy the Goeben and the Breslau but the German warships evaded the British fleet,^[11] and passed through the Dardanelles to reach Constantinople. Their arrival contributed to the Ottoman Empire joining the Central Powers in November 1914.^[11] Though a bloodless "battle", the failure of the British pursuit had enormous political and military ramifications—in the words of Winston Churchill, they brought "more slaughter, more misery and more ruin than has ever before been borne within the compass of a ship."^[12] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... DSO medal The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat. ... Examples of Medal Bars A medal bar or medal clasp is a thin metal bar attached to the ribbon of a military decoration, civil decoration, or other medal. ... USS McFaul underway in the Atlantic Ocean. ... HMS Scorpion was one of sixteen Beagle class destroyers in service with the Royal Navy in the First World War. ... [[Image:HMS Hood and HMS Barham. ... USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser (really an uprated guided missile destroyer), launched in 1992. ... The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau was a naval action that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at the outbreak of the First World War when elements of the British Mediterranean Fleet attempted to intercept the German Mittelmeerdivision (Mediterranean Division) comprising the battlecruiser SMS Goeben and the light cruiser SMS Breslau. ... Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale BoÄŸazı, Greek: Δαρδανέλλια, Dardanellia), formerly known as the Hellespont (Greek: Eλλήσποντος, Hellespontos), is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. ... This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ... Ottoman redirects here. ... European military alliances in 1914. ... Churchill redirects here. ...

Cunningham stayed on in the Mediterranean and in 1915 Scorpion was involved in the attack on the Dardanelles. For his performance Cunningham was rewarded with promotion to Commander and the award of the Distinguished Service Order.^[13] Cunningham spent much of 1916 on routine patrols. In late 1916, he was engaged in convoy protection, a duty he regarded as mundane.^[14] He had no contact with German U-boats during this time, on which he commented; "The immunity of my convoys, was probably due to sheer luck".^[14] Convinced that the Mediterranean held few offensive possibilities he requested to sail for home. Scorpion paid off on 21 January 1918. In his seven years as captain of the Scorpion, Cunningham had developed a reputation for first class seamanship.^[15] He was transferred by Vice-Admiral Roger Keyes to HMS Termagent, part of Keyes' Dover Patrol, in April 1918.^[16] and for his actions with the Dover Patrol, he was awarded a bar to his DSO the following year.^[17] Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants British Empire France Ottoman Empire Commanders Sackville Carden John de Robeck Otto Liman von Sanders Strength 31 battleships 3 battlecruisers 24 cruisers 25 destroyers 8 monitors 14 submarines 50+ transports Various mines and forts; otherwise Unknown Casualties 6 battleships sunk 3 battleships damaged 1 battlecruiser damaged 1 destroyer sunk... Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Sir Roger Keyes as a commodore during the Dardanelles Campaign, 1915. ... There have been several warships of the Royal Navy called HMS Termagant: HMS Termagant, a 6th Rate, launched 1780, reduced to an 18 gun sloop in 1782, and sold in 1795 HMS Termagant, a sloop launched 1796, sold 1819 HMS Termagant, a 6th Rate, launched 1822. ... Dover Patrol was a very important Royal Navy command of the First World War. ... Examples of Medal Bars A medal bar or medal clasp is a thin metal bar attached to the ribbon of a military decoration, civil decoration, or other medal. ...

Interwar years

Association with Cowan

Cunningham saw much action in the interwar years. In 1919, he commanded the S class destroyer HMS Seafire, on duty in the Baltic. The Communists, the White Russians, several varieties of Latvian nationalists, Germans, and the Poles were trying to control Latvia; the British Government had recognised Latvia's independence after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. It was on this voyage that Cunningham first met Admiral Walter Cowan. Cunningham was impressed by Cowan's methods, specifically his navigation of the potentially dangerous seas, with thick fog and minefields threatening the fleet.^[18] Throughout several potentially problematic encounters with German forces trying to undermine the Latvian independence movement, Cunningham exhibited "good self control and judgement". Cowan was quoted as saying "Commander Cunningham has on one occasion after another acted with unfailing promptitude and decision, and has proved himself an Officer of exceptional valour and unerring resolution."^[19] // Summary The S class (World War I) were a class of 67 destroyers built from 1916 for the Royal Navy. ... HMS Seafire was one of 67 S Class destroyers built for the Royal Navy between 1916 and 1919. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... White Army redirects here. ... A logo of Her Majestys Government. ... The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... Admiral is a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, outranked only by the rank Admiral of the Fleet. ... Walter Henry Cowan (June 11, 1871 to February 14, 1956) was a British Admiral who saw service in World War One and was in World War Two the oldest British serviceman on active duty. ... Polish wz. ...

For his actions in the Baltic, Cunningham was awarded a second bar to his DSO,^[10] and promoted to Captain in 1920. On his return from the Baltic in 1922, he was appointed Captain of the British 6th Destroyer Flotilla. Further commands were to follow; the British 1st Destroyer Flotilla in 1923, and the destroyer base, HMS Lochinvar, at Port Edgar in the Firth of Forth, from 1927–1926. Cunningham renewed his association with Vice Admiral Cowan between 1926 and 1928, when Cunningham was Flag Captain and Chief Staff Officer to Cowan while serving on the North America and West Indies Squadron. In his memoirs Cunningham made clear the "high regard"^[20] in which he held Cowan, and the many lessons he learned from him during their two periods of service together.^[20] The late 1920s found Cunningham back in the UK participating in courses at the Army's Senior Officers' School at Sheerness, as well as at the Imperial Defence College.^[21] While Cunningham was at the Imperial Defence College, in 1929, he married Nona Byatt (daughter of Horace Byatt, MA; the couple had no children). After a year at the College, Cunningham was given command of his first big ship; the battleship HMS Rodney.^[10] Eighteen months later, he was appointed Commodore of HMS Pembroke, the Royal Naval barracks at Chatham. For other uses, see Baltic (disambiguation). ... Captain is a rank or title with various meanings. ... Port Squadrons Clyde Flotilla Devonport Flotilla Portsmouth Flotilla Type Squadrons Aircraft Carriers British 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 2nd Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 3rd Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron Battleships and Battlecruisers British 1st Battle Squadron British 2nd Battle Squadron British 3rd Battle Squadron British 4th Battle... Port Squadrons Clyde Flotilla Devonport Flotilla Portsmouth Flotilla Type Squadrons Aircraft Carriers British 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 2nd Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 3rd Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron Battleships and Battlecruisers British 1st Battle Squadron British 2nd Battle Squadron British 3rd Battle Squadron British 4th Battle... HMS Lochinvar was a stone frigate (shore establishment) of the Royal Navy, sited at Port Edgar in Scotland. ... Port Edgar is a town and marina situated situated immediately to the west of the southern end of the Forth Road Bridge at South Queensferry. ... The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area Map of the Firth Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea... In the Royal Navy a Captain of the fleet could be appointed to assist an admiral when the admiral had ten or more ships to command. ... The North America and West Indies Squadron of the UKs Royal Navy was maintained at varying strength throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... , Sheerness is a town located beside the mouth of the River Medway on the northwest corner of the Isle of Sheppey in north Kent, England. ... The Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS) is an internationally-renowned institution and component of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. ... HMS Rodney was a Nelson-class battleship of the Royal Navy. ... Commodore Insignia Rank Pennant Commodore is a rank of the Royal Navy above Captain and below Rear-Admiral. ... At least six ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Pembroke. ... Chatham Dockyard, located on the River Medway in Kent, England, came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, and thus requiring added defences. ...

Promoted to Flag Rank

HMS Hood

In September 1932, Cunningham was promoted to flag rank, and Aide-de-Camp to the King. He was appointed Rear Admiral (Destroyers) in the Mediterranean in December 1933 and was made a Companion of the Bath in 1934. Having hoisted his flag in the light cruiser HMS Coventry, Cunningham used his time to practice fleet handling for which he was to receive much praise in the Second World War.^[22] There were also fleet exercises in the Atlantic Ocean in which he learnt the skills and values of night actions that he would also use to great effect in years to come.^[22] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A Flag Officer is a naval officer of a high rank entitling him to fly a personal flag, especially on his flagship. ... An aide-de-camp (French: camp assistant) is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... The term Rear Admiral originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons, and can trace its origins to the British Royal Navy. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... USS Port Royal (CG-73), a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser (really an uprated guided missile destroyer), launched in 1992. ... For other ships of the same name, see HMS Coventry. ... A rare occurance of a 5-country multinational fleet, during Operation Enduring Freedom in the Oman Sea. ...

On his promotion to Vice Admiral in July 1936, due to the interwar naval policy, further active employment seemed remote. However, a year later due to the illness of Sir Geoffrey Blake, Cunningham assumed the combined appointment of commander of the British Battlecruiser Squadron and second-in-command of the Mediterranean Fleet, with HMS Hood as his flagship.^[23] After his long service in small ships, Cunningham considered his accommodation aboard Hood to be almost palatial,^[23] even surpassing his previous big ship experience on Rodney.^[24] Vice Admiral is a naval rank of three star level, equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. ... The London Naval Treaty was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed on April 22, 1930, which to regulate submarine warfare and limited military shipbuilding. ... For other persons of the same name, see Geoffrey Blake. ... Port Squadrons Clyde Flotilla Devonport Flotilla Portsmouth Flotilla Type Squadrons Aircraft Carriers British 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 2nd Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 3rd Aircraft Carrier Squadron British 11th Aircraft Carrier Squadron Battleships and Battlecruisers British 1st Battle Squadron British 2nd Battle Squadron British 3rd Battle Squadron British 4th Battle... The British Mediterranean Fleet was part of the Royal Navy. ... For other ships of this name see HMS Hood (disambiguation). ... This article is about the lead ship, store, or product of a group. ...

He retained command of Hood until September 1938, when he was appointed to the Admiralty as Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, although he did not actually take up this post until December 1939. He accepted this shore job with reluctance since he loathed administration, but the Board of Admiralty’s high regard of him was evident. For six months during an illness of Admiral Sir Roger Backhouse, the then First Sea Lord, he deputised for Backhouse on the Committee of Imperial Defence and on the Admiralty Board.^[10] Flag of the Lord High Admiral The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Flag of the Lord High Admiral The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Roland Charles Backhouse GCB, GCVO, CMG, (24 November 1878-15 July 1939) was an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy and First Sea Lord of the British Admiralty from 1939 to 1939. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... The Committee of Imperial Defence was an important (albeit ad hoc) part of the government of Great Britain and the British Empire from just after the Boer War until the start of World War II. It was responsible for research, and some co-ordination, on issues of military strategy. ... The Admiralty Board is a committee of the Defence Council of the United Kingdom responsible for the administration of the Royal Navy. ...

Second World War

Cunningham described the command of the Mediterranean Fleet as "The finest command the Royal Navy has to offer"^[25] and he remarked in his memoirs that "I probably knew the Mediterranean as well as any Naval Officer of my generation".^[25] Cunningham was made Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, hoisting his flag in HMS Warspite on 6 June 1939, one day after arriving in Alexandria on the 5 June 1939. As Commander-in-Chief, Cunningham’s main concern was for the safety of convoys heading for Egypt and Malta. These convoys were highly significant in that they were desperately needed to keep Malta, a small British colony and naval base, in the War. Malta was a strategic strongpoint and Cunningham fully appreciated this.^[6] Cunningham believed that the main threat to British Sea Power in the Mediterranean would come from the Italian Fleet.^[26] As such Cunningham had his fleet at a heightened state of readiness, so that when Italy did choose to enter into hostilities, then the British Fleet would be ready.^[27] The British Mediterranean Fleet was part of the Royal Navy. ... HMS Warspite was a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship of the Royal Navy. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the city in Egypt. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of the British Overseas Territories The British Overseas Territories are fourteen[1] territories which the United Kingdom considers to be under its sovereignty, but not as part of the United Kingdom itself. ... The Italian Regia Marina (literally: Royal Navy) dates from the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 after Italian unification. ...

French Surrender (June 1940)

See also: Attack on Mers-el-Kébir

In his role as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, Cunningham had to negotiate with the French Admiral Rene-Emile Godfroy for the demilitarisation and internment of a French squadron at Alexandria, in June 1940, following the Fall of France. Churchill had ordered Cunningham to prevent the French warships from leaving port, and to ensure that French warships did not pass into enemy hands. Stationed at the time at Alexandria, Cunningham entered into delicate negotiations with Godfroy to ensure his fleet, which consisted of the battleship Lorraine, 4 cruisers, 3 destroyers and a submarine, posed no threat.^[28] The Admiralty ordered Cunningham to complete the negotiations on 3 July.^[28] Just as an agreement seemed imminent Godfroy heard of the British action against the French at Mers el Kebir and, for a while, Cunningham feared a battle between French and British warships in the confines of Alexandria harbour. The deadline was overrun but negotiations ended well, after Cunningham put them on a more personal level and had the British ships appeal to their French opposite numbers.^[29] Cunningham's negotiations succeeded and the French emptied their fuel bunkers and removed the firing mechanisms from their guns.^[30] Cunningham in turn promised to repatriate the ships' crews.^[30] Combatants United Kingdom France Commanders James Somerville Marcel-Bruno Gensoul Strength 1 aircraft carrier 3 battleships 2 light cruisers 11 destroyers 4 battleships 6 destroyers 1 seaplane tender Casualties 3 Blackburn Skua 3 Fairey Swordfish 2 dead 1 battleship sunk 2 battleships heavily damaged 1 destroyer damaged 1,297 dead... René-Emile Godfroy was a French admiral. ... This article is about the city in Egypt. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Second Armistice at Compiègne, France was signed on June 22, 18:50, 1940, between Nazi Germany and France. ... This article is about the city in Egypt. ... The French battleship Lorraine was a Bretagne-class dreadnought battleship of the French Navy. ... Combatants United Kingdom France Commanders James Somerville Marcel-Bruno Gensoul Strength 1 aircraft carrier 3 battleships 2 light cruisers 11 destroyers 4 battleships 6 destroyers 1 seaplane tender Casualties 3 Blackburn Skua 3 Fairey Swordfish 2 dead 1 battleship sunk 2 battleships heavily damaged 1 destroyer damaged 1,297 dead... The Port of Alexandria is on the West Verge of the Nile Delta between the Mediterranean Sea and Mariut Lake. ... An oil tanker taking on bunker fuel. ...

Battle of Taranto (November 1940)

Main article: Battle of Taranto

Attack directions of British planes at Taranto

Although the threat from the French Fleet had been neutralised, Cunningham was still aware of the threat posed by the Italian Fleet to British North African operations, based in Egypt. Although the Royal Navy had won in several actions in the Mediterranean, considerably upsetting the balance of power, the Italians who were following the theory of a fleet in being had left their ships in harbour. This made the threat of a sortie against the British Fleet a serious problem.^[1] At the time the harbour at Taranto contained six battleships (five of them battle-worthy), seven heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and eight destroyers. The Admiralty, concerned with the potential for an attack, had drawn up Operation Judgement; a surprise attack on Taranto Harbour. To carry out the attack, the Admiralty sent the new aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious, commanded by Lumley Lyster, to join HMS Eagle in Cunningham's fleet. This article is about the 1940 battle. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... During World War II, the North African Campaign, also known as the Desert War, took place in the North African desert from September 13, 1940 to May 13, 1943. ... Balance of power is a central concept of realist theories of international relations. ... In naval warfare, a fleet in being is a naval force that extends a controlling influence without ever leaving port. ... Sortie is a term for deployment of one military aircraft or a ship for the purposes of a specific mission, whether alone, or with other aircraft or vessels. ... For other uses, see Battleship (disambiguation). ... HMS Raleigh a Hawkins class cruiser around which the treaty limits for Heavy cruisers were written. ... A light cruiser is a warship that is not so large and powerful as a regular (or heavy) cruiser, but still larger than ships like destroyers. ... USS McFaul underway in the Atlantic Ocean. ... HMS Illustrious (87), the fourth Illustrious of the British Royal Navy, was an aircraft carrier which saw service in World War II, the lead ship of the Illustrious class of carriers which also included HMS Victorious (R38), HMS Formidable (R67), and HMS Indomitable (R92). ... Vice-Admiral Sir (Arthur) Lumley Lyster, KCB, CVO, CBE, DSO was a Royal Navy officer during the Second World War. ... HMS Eagle was an aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy sunk during World War II. The Eagle was laid down at the Armstrong yards at Newcastle-on-Tyne on February 20, 1913. ...

The attack started at 21:00, 11 November 1940, when the first of two waves of Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers took off from Illustrious, followed by the second wave an hour later. The attack was a great success:^[1] the Italian fleet lost half its strength in one night. The "fleet-in-being" diminished in importance and the threat to the Royal Navy's control of the Mediterranean had been diminished. Cunningham said of the victory: "Taranto, and the night of November 11–12, 1940, should be remembered for ever as having shown once and for all that in the Fleet Air Arm the Navy has its most devastating weapon."^[1] The Royal Navy had launched the first all-aircraft naval attack in history, flying a small number of aircraft from an aircraft carrier. This, and other aspects of the raid, were important facts in the planning of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941: the Japanese planning staff were thought to have studied it intensively.^[1] is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fairey Swordfish The Fairey Swordfish was a torpedo bomber built by the Fairey Aviation Company and used by the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy during World War II. Affectionately known as the Stringbag by its crews, it was outdated by 1939, but achieved some spectacular successes during the... A torpedo bomber is a bomber aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with torpedoes, but they could also carry out conventional bombings. ... The Fleet Air Arm is the branch of the Royal Navy responsible for the operation of the aircraft on board their ships. ... This article is about the actual attack. ...

Battle of Cape Matapan (March 1941)

Main article: Battle of Cape Matapan

Battle summary of Cape Matapan

At the end of March 1941, Hitler wanted the convoys supplying the British Expeditionary force in Greece stopped, and the Italian Navy was the only force capable of achieving this.^[31] Cunningham stated in his biography: "I myself was inclined to think that the Italians would not try anything. I bet Commander Power, the Staff Officer, Operations, the sum of ten shillings that we would see nothing of the enemy."^[31] Under pressure from Germany, the Italian Fleet planned to launch an attack on the British Fleet on 28 March 1941. Combatants United Kingdom Australia Italy Commanders Andrew Cunningham Angelo Iachino Strength 1 aircraft carrier 3 battleships 7 light cruisers 17 destroyers 1 battleship 6 heavy cruisers 2 light cruisers 17 destroyers Casualties 4 light cruiser lightly damaged 1 torpedo bomber destroyed 3 dead 1 battleship heavily damaged 3 heavy cruisers... Image File history File links Www2mR130BMatapan. ... Image File history File links Www2mR130BMatapan. ... During World War II, Operation Lustre was the dispatch of British, Australian, New Zealand and Polish troops from Egypt to Greece in March and April 1941, in response to the failed Italian invasion and the new German threat revealed through Ultra. ... This article is about the British admiral. ... This article is about coinage. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ...

The Italian commander, Admiral Angelo Iachino, intended to carry out a surprise attack on the British Cruiser Squadron in the area (commanded by Vice-Admiral Henry Pridham-Wippell), executing a pincer movement with the battleship Vittorio Veneto.^[32] Cunningham though, was aware of Italian naval activity through intercepts of Italian Enigma messages. Although Italian intentions were unclear, Cunningham's staff believed an attack upon British troop convoys was likely and orders were issued to spoil the enemy plan and, if possible, intercept their fleet. Cunningham wished, however, to disguise his own activity and arranged for a game of golf and a fictitious evening gathering to mislead enemy agents (he was, in fact, overheard by the local Japanese Consul).^[33] After sunset, he boarded HMS Warspite and left Alexandria. Angelo Iachino was the Italian navy commander during the Battle of Cape Matapan. ... Sir Henry Daniel Pridham-Wippell, KCB, CB, CVO, was a British Admiral, who served with the Royal Navy in World War I and World War II. He was knighted in 1941 for his part in the Battle of Cape Matapan in the Mediterranean. ... A pincer movement whereby the red force envelops the advancing blue force. ... Vittorio Veneto was an Italian Vittorio Veneto class battleship, that served in the Regia Marina during the World War II. Her keel was laid down 1934 at Cantieri Riuniti dellAdriatico, Trieste; she was launched on 25 July 1937, and her construction was completed in 1940, after Italy entered in... For a discussion of how Enigma-derived intelligence was put to use, see Ultra (WWII intelligence). ...

Cunningham, realising that an air attack could weaken the Italians,^[32] ordered an attack by the Formidable's Albacore torpedo-bombers. A hit on the Vittorio Veneto slowed her temporarily^[34] and Iachino, realising his fleet was vulnerable without air cover, ordered his forces to retire. Cunningham gave the order to pursue the Italian Fleet.^[31] For other ships with the same name, see HMS Formidable. ... The Fairey Albacore is a single-engine carrier-borne biplane torpedo bomber built by Fairey Aviation between 1939 and 1943 for the Fleet Air Arm. ...

An air attack from the Formidable had disabled the cruiser Pola and Iachino, unaware of Cunningham's pursuing battlefleet, ordered a squadron of cruisers and destroyers to return and protect the Pola. Cunningham, meanwhile, was joining up with Pridham-Wippell's cruiser squadron.^[32] Throughout the day several chases and sorties occurred with no overall victor.^[32] None of the Italian ships were equipped for night fighting, and when night fell, they made to return to Taranto.^[31] The British battlefleet equipped with radar detected the Italians shortly after 22:00. In a pivotal^[32] moment in naval warfare during the Second World War, the battleships Barham, Valiant and Warspite opened fire on two Italian cruisers at only 3,800 yards (3.5 km), destroying them in only five minutes.^[31] For other uses, see Radar (disambiguation). ... HMS Barham was a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship of the Royal Navy named after Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, built at the John Brown shipyards in Clydebank, and launched in 1914. ... HMS Valiant was a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship of the Royal Navy built at the Fairfield shipyards in Glasgow and launched in November 1914. ...

Although the Vittorio Veneto escaped from the battle by returning to Taranto, there were many accolades given to Cunningham for continuing the pursuit at night, against the advice of his staff.^[32] After the previous defeat at Taranto, the defeat at Cape Matapan dealt another strategic blow to the Italian Navy. Five ships - three heavy cruisers and two destroyers - were sunk, and around 2,400 Italian sailors were killed, missing or captured.^[35] The British lost only three aircrew when one torpedo bomber was shot down. Cunningham had lost his bet with Commander Power but he had won a strategic victory in the war in the Mediterranean.^[32] The defeats at Taranto and Cape Matapan meant that the Italian Navy did not intervene^[35] in the heavily contested evacuations of Greece and Crete, later in 1941. It also ensured that, for the remainder of the war, the Regia Marina conceded the Eastern Mediterranean to the Allied Fleet, and did not leave port for the remainder of the war.^[35]

Battle of Crete (May 1941)

Main article: Battle of Crete

British wounded evacuated to Alexandria

On the morning of 20 May 1941, Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of Crete, under the code-name Unternehmen Merkur (Operation Mercury). Despite initial heavy casualties,^[36] Maleme airfield in western Crete fell to the Germans and enabled the Germans to fly in heavy reinforcements and overwhelm the Allied forces.^[36] Combatants Greece United Kingdom New Zealand Australia Nazi Germany Kingdom of Italy Commanders Bernard Freyberg Kurt Student Strength United Kingdom: 15,000 Greece: 11,000 Australia: 7,100 New Zealand: 6,700 Total: 40,000 (10,000 without fighting capacity[2]) Germany: 14,000 paratroopers 15,000 mountain troopers 280... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (695x655, 96 KB) Description: Walking wounded British troops disembarking at a port in Egypt after the evacuation of Crete. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (695x655, 96 KB) Description: Walking wounded British troops disembarking at a port in Egypt after the evacuation of Crete. ... Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport For other uses, see Alexandria (disambiguation). ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Airborne Military parachuting form of insertion. ... Maleme (Greek: Μάλεμε) is a town and airport 16km to the west of Chania, in North Western Crete, Greece. ...

After a week of heavy fighting, British commanders decided that the situation was hopeless and ordered a withdrawal from Sfakia.^[36] During the next four nights, 16,000 troops were evacuated to Egypt by ships (including HMS Ajax^[36] of Battle of the River Plate fame). A smaller number of ships were to withdraw troops on a separate mission from Heraklion, but these ships were attacked en route by Luftwaffe dive bombers. Without air cover, Cunningham's ships suffered serious losses. Cunningham was determined though, that the "navy must not let the army down", and when army generals feared he would lose too many ships, Cunningham famously said, The village of Hóra Sfakíon Sfakiá (Greek Σφακιά) is a beautiful, traditional, mountainous area to the South West of the island of Crete, in the Chania prefecture. ... HMS Ajax was a Leander-class light cruiser. ... Combatants Germany United Kingdom New Zealand Commanders Hans Langsdorff Henry Harwood Strength 1 heavy cruiser 1 heavy cruiser 2 light cruisers Casualties 1 heavy cruiser damaged 36 dead 60 wounded 1 heavy cruiser heavily damaged 2 light cruisers damaged 72 dead 28 wounded For other uses, see The Battle of... For other uses, see Heraklion (disambiguation). ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, literally Air Weapon, pronounced lufft-va-fa, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy. ...

The "never say die" attitude of Cunningham and the men under his command meant that of 22,000 men on Crete, 16,500 were rescued but at the loss of three cruisers, six destroyers and 15 other major warships were damaged.^[37]

Allied Expeditionary Force (1943–1946)

Cunningham standing behind Churchill at Yalta conference

From late 1942 to early 1943, Cunningham served under General Eisenhower, who made him the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force. In this role that Cunningham commanded the large fleet that covered the Anglo-American landings in North Africa (Operation Torch). General Eisenhower said of him in his diary: Download high resolution version (740x615, 132 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (740x615, 132 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Big Three at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. ... Dwight David Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American General and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953–1961). ... Combatants United States United Kingdom Free French Forces Vichy France Commanders Dwight Eisenhower Andrew Cunningham François Darlan Strength 73,500 60,000 Casualties 479+ dead 720 wounded 1,346+ dead 1,997 wounded Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British-American invasion of French North Africa in...

February 1943 saw Cunningham return to his post as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet. Three months later, when Axis forces in North Africa were on the verge of surrender, he ordered that none should be allowed to escape.^[38] Entirely in keeping with his fiery character he signalled the fleet "Sink, burn and destroy: Let nothing pass".^[38] He oversaw the naval forces used in the joint Anglo-American amphibious invasions of Sicily, during Operation Husky, Operation Baytown and Operation Avalanche. On the morning of September 11, 1943, Cunningham was present at Malta when the Italian Fleet surrendered. Cunningham informed the Admiralty with a telegram; "the Italian battle fleet now lies at anchor under the guns of Malta."^[39] The British Mediterranean Fleet was part of the Royal Navy. ... Husky was also the codename of Australian military support to Sierra Leone ending in February 2003. ... This article covers the invasion of mainland Italy by the World War II Allies in September 1943 during the Italian Campaign. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On 21 October 1943, Cunningham became First Sea Lord of the Admiralty and Chief of the Naval Staff, after the death of Dudley Pound. This promotion meant that he had to relinquish his coveted post of Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, recommending his namesake Admiral John H. D. Cunningham as his successor.^[40] In the position of First Sea Lord, and as a member of the Chiefs of Staff committee, Cunningham was responsible for the overall strategic direction of the navy for the remainder of the war. He attended the major conferences at Cairo, Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam,^[38] at which the Allies discussed future strategy, including the invasion of Normandy and the deployment of a British fleet to the Pacific Ocean. is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers Pound GCB GCVO RN (August 29, 1877 - October 21, 1943) was a British naval officer who served as First Sea Lord, professional head of the Royal Navy from June 1939 to September 1943. ... Admiral Sir John Henry Dacres Cunningham, GCB, MVO (13 April 1885 – 13 December 1962) was the Royal Navy British First Sea Lord from 1946 to 1948. ... Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met at the Cairo Conference in Cairo, 11/25/1943. ... Left to right: General Secretary of the Communist Party Joseph Stalin, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom . ... The Big Three at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. ... Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin meeting at the Potsdam Conference on July 18, 1945. ... This article is about the assault phase of Operation Overlord. ... The British Pacific Fleet (BPF) was a multinational Allied naval force which saw action against Japan during World War II. The fleet was comprised mainly of British Commonwealth naval vessels. ...

Honours

Bronze bust unveiled in Trafalgar Square on 12 April 1967 by The Duke of Edinburgh

Below is a list of Awards and titles awarded to Andrew Browne Cunningham during his lifetime. Download high resolution version (640x723, 49 KB)Andrew Browne Cunningham - Bronze bust at Trafalgar Square - London - England - 240404 Photo taken by Tagishsimon on the 24th April 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (640x723, 49 KB)Andrew Browne Cunningham - Bronze bust at Trafalgar Square - London - England - 240404 Photo taken by Tagishsimon on the 24th April 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... Prince Philip redirects here. ...

United Kingdom

DSO medal The Distinguished Service Order (DSO) is a military decoration of the United Kingdom, and formerly of other Commonwealth countries, awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... For the brush-footed butterfly species, see Euthalia nais. ... There have been six Cunningham baronetcies: // Created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia 4 July 1627 Sir William Cunningham, 1st Baronet (d. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... James VII ordained the modern Order. ... For other uses, see Baron (disambiguation). ... A viscount is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl (in Britain) or a count (his continental equivalent). ... The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. ...

Awards from other countries

^{(Note = Full title was Baron Cunningham of Hyndhope in the County of Selkirk. Upon his death without issue in 1963, both of these titles became extinct.)}. Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... The Order of George I was formally a Order of Greece named after King George I of Greece. ... Order of Ouissam Alaouite in the grade of Officer The Order of Ouissam Alaouite is a military decoration of Morocco which is bestowed upon those civilians and military officers who have displayed heroism in combat or have contributed meritorious service to the Moroccan state. ... The Order of the Dutch Lion (De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw) is an order (decoration) of the Netherlands which was first created in 1815 by the first King of the Netherlands, King William I. The Order of the Dutch Lion was until recently awarded upon eminent individuals from all... Grand cross, miniature, and officer class Nichan Iftikhar (Order of glory), was a Tunisian honorary order founded in 1835 by Al-Mustafa ibn Mahmud (Bey of Tunisia). ... The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements. ... The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919. ... Selkirkshire or the County of Selkirk is a registration county of Scotland. ...

Retirement

Cunningham was entitled to retire at the end of the war in 1945 but he resolved to pilot the Navy through the transition to peace before retiring. With the election of Clement Attlee as British Prime Minister in 1945, and the implementation of his Post-war consensus, there was a large reduction in the Defence Budget. The extensive reorganisation was a challenge for Cunningham. "We very soon came to realise how much easier it was to make war than to reorganise for peace."^[41] Due to pressures on the budget from all three services, the Navy embarked on a reduction programme that was larger than Cunningham had envisaged.^[42] Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... The post-war consensus was an era in British political history which lasted from the end of World War Two to the election of Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979. ...

At the end of May 1946, after overseeing the transition through to peacetime, Cunningham retired from his post as First Sea Lord.^[43] Cunningham retreated to the "little house in the country", 'Palace House', at Bishop's Waltham in Hampshire, which he and Lady Cunningham had acquired before the war. They both had a busy retirement.^[43] He attended the House of Lords irregularly and occasionally lent his name to press statements about the Royal Navy, particularly those relating to Admiral Dudley North, who had been relieved of his command of Gibraltar in 1940. Cunningham, and several of the surviving Admirals of the Fleet, set about securing justice for North, and they succeeded with a partial vindication in 1957.^[43] He also busied himself with various appointments; he was Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1950 and 1952, and in 1953 he acted as Lord High Steward - the most recent one to date - at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Throughout this time Cunningham and his wife entertained family and friends, including his own great nephew by marriage, Jock Slater, in their extensive gardens. Cunningham died in London on 12 June 1963,^[43] and was buried at sea off Portsmouth.^[44] There were no children from his marriage. Location within the British Isles Bishops Waltham is a town in Hampshire, England with a population of around 6,500 people. ... Sir Dudley Burton Napier North was an Admiral of the Royal Navy who served during World War I and World War II. He is known for his failure, while naval commander at Gibraltar, to challenge a Vichy French naval squadron. ... The Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the British Sovereigns personal representative to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (the Kirk). ... The position of Lord High Steward of England, not to be confused with the Lord Steward, a court functionary, is the first of the Great Officers of State. ... British coronations are held in Westminster Abbey. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Admiral Sir Jock Slater GCB, LVO (born March 27, 1938). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ...

A bust of Cunningham by Franta Belsky was unveiled in Trafalgar Square in London on 2 April 1967 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.^[45] Franta Belsky was a Czech sculptor. ... Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Prince Philip redirects here. ...

Notes

This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Imperial War Museum is a museum in London featuring military vehicles, weapons, war memorabilia, a library, a photographic archive, and an art collection of 20th century and later conflicts, especially those involving Britain, and the British Empire. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Gordon Harold Smith (born May 25, 1952) is Oregons junior United States Senator, currently serving his second term. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Australian War Memorial is Australias national memorial to the members of all its armed forces and supporting organisations who have died or participated in the wars of the Commonwealth of Australia. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Churchill, Winston. The Second World War Volume III. Penguin paperback. ISBN 0-141-44174-7. 
• Cunningham, Andrew (1952). Admiral A.B. Cunningham, A Sailor’s Odyssey. Hutchinson & Co, London. 
• Edwards, Bernard (1999). Salvo! Classic Naval Gun Actions. Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1860199593. 
• Moorehead, Alan (1956). Gallipoli. Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 1-85326-675-2. 
• Roskill, Stephen (1977). Churchill and the Admirals. Collins. ISBN 0002161273. 
• Andrew Cunningham, Michael Simpson, Naval Records Society (1999). The Cunningham Papers: Selections from the Private and Official Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope. Naval Records Society. ISBN 1840146222. 
• Simpson, Michael (2004). A Life of Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham: A Twentieth-century Naval Leader. Routledge. ISBN 0714651974. 
• Tuchman, Barbara (1962). The Guns of August. Constable. ISBN 0-333-69880-0. 
• Warner, Oliver (1967). Cunningham of Hyndhope:Admiral of the Fleet. John Murray. ISBN 0719517141. 
• Winton, John (1998). Cunningham: The Greatest Admiral since Nelson. John Murray. ISBN 0719557658. 

Churchill redirects here. ... Stephen Wentworth Roskill (1 August 1903 - 4 November 1982) was an officer in the Royal Navy and, after his retirement, served as the official historian of the Royal Navy from 1949 to 1960. ... Collins may refer to: Tom Collins - RENT, a character in the musical. ... Routledge is an imprint for books in the humanities part of the Taylor & Francis Group, which also has Brunner-Routledge, RoutledgeCurzon and RoutledgeFalmer divisions. ... Barbara Wertheim Tuchman (January 30, 1912 – February 6, 1989) was an American historian and author. ... The Guns of August (1962) (also published as August 1914) is an enormously popular military history book written by Barbara Tuchman. ...

Further reading

• Barnett, Corelli (1999). Engage the Enemy More Closely. Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0340551909. 
• Pack, S.W.C. (1974). Cunningham the Commander. B.T. Batsford Ltd. ISBN 0713427884. 
• Murfett, Malcolm (1995). The First Sea Lords from Fisher to Mountbatten. Westport. ISBN 0275942317. 
• Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734–1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0 85052 835 6. 
• Simpson, Michael (2004). Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (1883–1963), naval officer, in Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 

Correlli Barnett is an English military historian, who has written also on the United Kingdoms industrial decline. ... Hodder & Stoughton is a British publishing house, now an imprint of Hodder Headline. ... The Dictionary of National Biography (or DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history. ...

External links

• Transcription of Official Service Records on www.admirals.org.uk
• Royal Navy page on Cunningham
• Biography at the Royal Naval Museum Library
• Summary information on education website
• Bio on HMS Hood memorial page
• Website about Normandy landings with bio
• 1943 bromide print by Yousuf Karsh at the National Portrait Gallery, London
• Page about Cunningham and the Malta Convoys and his relationship with Churchill

v • d • e First Sea Lords of the Royal Navy

The Earl Howe • Sir Peter Parker • Prince William, Duke of Clarence • Sir George Cockburn • Sir Thomas Hardy • The Hon. George Heneage Dundas • Charles Adam • Sir George Cockburn • Sir Charles Adam • Sir George Cockburn • Sir William Parker • Sir Charles Adam • James Whitley Deans Dundas • The Hon. Maurice FitzHardinge Berkeley • Hyde Parker • The Hon. Maurice FitzHardinge Berkeley • The Hon. Sir Richard Saunders Dundas • William Fanshawe Martin • The Hon. Sir Richard Saunders Dundas • The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey • Sir Alexander Milne • Sir Sydney Dacres • Sir Alexander Milne • Sir Hastings Yelverton • George Wellesley • Sir Astley Cooper Key • Sir Arthur Acland Hood • Lord John Hay • Sir Arthur Acland Hood • Sir Richard Vesey Hamilton • Sir Anthony Hoskins • Sir Frederick Richards • Lord Walter Kerr • Sir John A. Fisher • Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson • Sir Francis Bridgeman • Prince Louis of Battenberg • The Baron Fisher of Kilverstone • Sir Henry Jackson • Sir John Jellicoe • Sir Rosslyn Wemyss • The Earl Beatty • Sir Charles Madden, Bt • Sir Frederick Field • The Lord Chatfield • Sir Roger Backhouse • Sir Dudley Pound • The Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope • Sir John Cunningham • The Lord Fraser of North Cape • Sir Rhoderick McGrigor • The Earl Mountbatten of Burma • Sir Charles Lambe • Sir Caspar John • Sir David Luce • Sir Varyl Begg • Sir Michael Le Fanu • Sir Peter Hill-Norton • Sir Michael Pollock • Sir Edward Ashmore • Sir Terence Lewin • Sir Henry Leach • Sir John Fieldhouse • Sir William Staveley • Sir Julian Oswald • Sir Benjamin Bathurst • Sir Jock Slater • Sir Michael Boyce • Sir Nigel Essenhigh • Sir Alan West • Sir Jonathon Band • Yousuf Karsh - Self portrait Yousuf Karsh, CC (December 23, 1908 – July 13, 2002) was a Canadian photographer of Armenian birth, and one of the most famous and accomplished portrait photographers of all time. ... The National Portrait Gallery is an art gallery in St Martins Place, London, England, which opened to the public in 1856. ... Admiral Sir William Milbourne James (22 February 1881- 17 August 1973) was a British Naval commander, politician and author, most notable for his activities in the Naval Intelligence Division in both world wars. ... Acting Admiral Sir Tom Phillips Admiral Sir Thomas Tom Spencer Vaughan Phillips KCB (February 19, 1888 – December 10, 1941) had a successful career in the Royal Navy. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers Pound GCB GCVO RN (August 29, 1877 - October 21, 1943) was a British naval officer who served as First Sea Lord, professional head of the Royal Navy from June 1939 to September 1943. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... Admiral Sir John Henry Dacres Cunningham, GCB, MVO (13 April 1885 – 13 December 1962) was the Royal Navy British First Sea Lord from 1946 to 1948. ... James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, CB, PC (October 23, 1861 – April 4, 1947) was the eldest son and heir of the Victorian statesman Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. ... The position of Lord High Steward of England, not to be confused with the Lord Steward, a court functionary, is the first of the Great Officers of State. ... Sir John Donald Pollock (1868-1962) was Rector of Edinburgh University from 1939 to 1945 and gifted land to the University to build halls of residence. ... The Lord Rector of Edinburgh University is elected every three years by the students and staff at the University of Edinburgh. ... Alastair Sim in Scrooge (1951) (aka A Christmas Carol) Alastair Sim, CBE (October 9, 1900 – August 19, 1976) was a Scottish character actor, whose comic appearance ensured him success in a string of classic British films. ... The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801. ... Bronze bust of Lord Cunningham, looking at Nelsons column and Whitehall Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (7 January 1883–12 June 1963), familiarly known as ABC, was the most famous British admiral of World War II, winning distinction in Mediterranean battles in 1940 and 1941... Bronze bust of Lord Cunningham, looking at Nelsons column and Whitehall Sir Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (7 January 1883–12 June 1963), familiarly known as ABC, was the most famous British admiral of World War II, winning distinction in Mediterranean battles in 1940 and 1941... Image File history File links Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... The First Sea Lord is the professional head of the British Royal Navy. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (8 March 1726 – 5 August 1799) was a British admiral. ... Admiral Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet (1721 – 1811) was a British naval officer, born probably in Ireland. ... William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet (22 April 1772 – 19 August 1853) was a British naval commander of the late 18th through the mid-19th centuries. ... This article is about the naval officer. ... Rear-Admiral George Heneage Lawrence Dundas CB (8 September 1778 - 7 October 1834) was a senior naval officer and First Sea Lord. ... Admiral Sir Charles Adam, KCB (6 October 1780 – 19 September 1853) was a British naval officer. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet (22 April 1772 – 19 August 1853) was a British naval commander of the late 18th through the mid-19th centuries. ... Admiral Sir Charles Adam, KCB (6 October 1780 – 19 September 1853) was a British naval officer. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet (22 April 1772 – 19 August 1853) was a British naval commander of the late 18th through the mid-19th centuries. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, GCB (1 December 1781 – 13 November 1866) was born at Almington, Staffordshire, England. ... Admiral Sir Charles Adam, KCB (6 October 1780 – 19 September 1853) was a British naval officer. ... Sir James Whitley Deans Dundas (4 December 1785-3 October 1862) was a British admiral. ... Admiral Maurice Frederick FitzHardinge Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge of Bristol, GCB PC (3 January 1788 - 17 October 1867) was a former Royal Navy First Sea Lord and former First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp to Queen Victoria. ... Hyde Parker (1786 – 26 May 1854) was a British Vice-Admiral started to serve in the Napoleonic Wars and appointed First Sea Lord of the Admiralty in 1852. ... Admiral Maurice Frederick FitzHardinge Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge of Bristol, GCB PC (3 January 1788 - 17 October 1867) was a former Royal Navy First Sea Lord and former First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp to Queen Victoria. ... Richard Saunders Dundas (1802 - 1861) was a British naval officer. ... Sir William Fanshawe Martin, 4th Baronet GCB (December 5, 1801 - March 24, 1895), was a British admiral. ... Richard Saunders Dundas (1802 - 1861) was a British naval officer. ... Admiral Sir Frederick William Grey GCB (23 August 1805 - 2 May 1878) was a senior naval officer and First Sea Lord. ... Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Admiral Sir Sydney Dacres, was the Royal Navy British First Sea Lord from 1868 to 1872. ... Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Admiral Sir Hastings Reginald Yelverton, GCB, born Hastings Reginald Henry (March 1808 – 24 July 1878), was a British naval officer of the 19th century. ... Admiral Sir George Greville Wellesley GCB (2 August 1814 - 6 April 1901) was a senior naval officer and First Sea Lord. ... Sir Astley Cooper Key (1821 - March 3, 1888), English admiral, was born in London, and entered the navy in 1833. ... Admiral Arthur William Acland Hood, 1st Baron Hood of Avalon (July 14, 1824 – November 15, 1901), was an officer of the Royal Navy who held command during the Crimean War and later served as First Sea Lord. ... Lord John Hay GCB (August 23, 1827 Geneva, Switzerland – May 4, 1916) was a British politician and Admiral of the Fleet. ... Admiral Arthur William Acland Hood, 1st Baron Hood of Avalon (July 14, 1824 – November 15, 1901), was an officer of the Royal Navy who held command during the Crimean War and later served as First Sea Lord. ... Admiral Sir Richard Vesey Hamilton GCB (28 May 1829 - 17 September 1912) was a senior naval officer and First Sea Lord. ... Anthony Hiley Hoskins (1828-1901), was a British naval officer who was First Sea Lord from 1891 to 1893. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick William Richards (1833 - 1912) was the British First Sea Lord from 1893 to 1899. ... Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Talbot Kerr was born on 28 September 1839 and died on the 12th May, 1927 at age 87. ... John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher (January 25, 1841 – July 10, 1920), commonly known as Jackie Fisher, was a British admiral known for his efforts at naval reform. ... Arthur Knyvet Wilson (VC, GCB, OM, GCVO) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... Admiral Sir Francis Charles Bridgeman Bridgeman GCB, GCVO (7 December 1848 – 17 February 1929) was a British sailor. ... Prince Louis of Battenberg Louis Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, (24 May 1854 – 11 September 1921), formerly Prince Louis Alexander of Battenberg, was a minor German prince who married into the British Royal Family and pursued a distinguished career in the Royal Navy, eventually serving as First Sea... John Arbuthnot Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher (January 25, 1841 – July 10, 1920), commonly known as Jackie Fisher, was a British admiral known for his efforts at naval reform. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Bradwardine Jackson was born in 1855 and died in 1929. ... Admiral of the Fleet Lord Jellicoe Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe (December 5, 1859–November 20, 1935) was a British Royal Navy admiral. ... Admiral Sir Rosslyn Erskine Erskine-Wemyss, 1st Baron Wester Wemyss (born 12 April 1864 in Fife, died 24 May 1933) served in active naval command positions during World War I, with postings to the Mediterranean and Egypt, and was appointed First Sea Lord in December 1917 Wemyss was the son... David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty (17 January 1871- 11 March 1936), was an admiral in the Royal Navy. ... Sir Charles Madden when he was Vice Admiral. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Laurence Field GCB KCMG (18 April 1871–24 October 1945) was a British Royal Navy Admiral of the Fleet who served as First Sea Lord from 1930 to 1933. ... Alfred Ernle Montacute Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield, PC (1873-1967) was a British naval officer. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Roger Roland Charles Backhouse GCB, GCVO, CMG, (24 November 1878-15 July 1939) was an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy and First Sea Lord of the British Admiralty from 1939 to 1939. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers Pound GCB GCVO RN (August 29, 1877 - October 21, 1943) was a British naval officer who served as First Sea Lord, professional head of the Royal Navy from June 1939 to September 1943. ... Admiral Sir John Henry Dacres Cunningham, GCB, MVO (13 April 1885 – 13 December 1962) was the Royal Navy British First Sea Lord from 1946 to 1948. ... Admiral of the Fleet Bruce Austin Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape, GCB, KBE, (born Acton February 5, 1888 – February 12, 1981) was a senior British admiral during World War II. He joined the Royal Navy as a Cadet on 15 January 1904. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick Robert McGrigor (April 12, 1893, York - 1959) was a Royal Navy officer and the British First Sea Lord from 1951 to 1955. ... Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC (25 June 1900–27 August 1979) was a British admiral and statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ... Admiral Sir Charles Lambe, was the Royal Navy British First Sea Lord from 1959 to 1960. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Caspar John, born 1903, died 1984 was the British First Sea Lord from 1960 to 1963. ... Sir David Luce was First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy from 1963 to 1966. ... Admiral of the Fleet His Excellency, Sir Varyl Cargill Begg (1908 - 1995), DSO, DSC, was the British First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy from 1966 to 1968. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Michael Le Fanu (August 2, 1913-November 28, 1970) was a British Royal Navy admiral who was appointed in 1970 to become Chief of the Defence Staff but never managed to hold the office because he was suddenly discovered to be terminally ill and retired... Peter John Hill-Norton, Baron Hill-Norton GCB (8 February 1915-16 May 2004) was an Admiral of the Fleet, former Chief of the Defence Staff of the United Kingdom and former Chairman of the NATO Military Committee. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Michael Patrick Pollock, GCB, LVO, DSC (19 October 1916 - 27 September 2006) was a British officer in the Royal Navy who rose to become First Sea Lord from 1971 to 1974. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edward Ashmore (1919 - ) is a former senior Royal Navy officer. ... The Right Honourable Terence Thornton Lewin, Baron Lewin, KG, GCB, LVO, DSC (1920-1999) was an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Leach (born 1923) is a former First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy Sir Henry Leach was First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff between 1979 and 1982. ... Admiral of the Fleet The Right Honourable John David Elliott Fieldhouse, Baron Fieldhouse, GCB, GBE (1928–17 February 1992) was a high ranking officer in the Royal Navy Primarily a submariner in the Royal Navy, later rising to the highest position in UK Armed Forces In 1982 in the rank... Admiral Sir William Stavely, was the Royal Navy British First Sea Lord from 1985 to 1989. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir Julian Oswald, GCB RN (born 1933) is a British naval officer who served as Chief of the Naval Staff and First Sea Lord from 1989 to 1993. ... Admiral of the Fleet Sir David Benjamin Bathurst, GCB, ADC (born 1936) is a Royal Navy officer who served as Chief of the Naval Staff and First Sea Lord during the early 1990s. ... Admiral Sir Jock Slater GCB, LVO (born March 27, 1938). ... Admiral Lord Boyce, courtesy of http://www. ... Admiral Sir Nigel Essenhigh, Royal Navy, is a British admiral who served as First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy from 2001-2002. ... Admiral Alan William John West, Baron West of Spithead, GCB, DSC (born 21 April 1948) is a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the British Home Office, with responsibility for Security. ... Admiral Sir Jonathon Band, KCB, ADC,BSc(Exon), (born 1950), since 2006, is the First Sea Lord of the United Kingdom, the most senior serving officer in the Royal Navy. ...