Andrew Ellicott on a miniature portrait from 1799.

Andrew Ellicott (January 24, 1754 – August 28, 1820) was a U.S. surveyor who helped map many of the territories west of the Appalachians, surveyed the boundaries of the District of Columbia, continued and completed Peter (Pierre) Charles L'Enfant's work on the plan for Washington, D.C., and served as a teacher in survey methods for Meriwether Lewis. Ellicott as a surname can refer to several people: In Pennsylvania: Andrew Ellicott (1708 – 1741): immigrated from England in 1730. ... Image File history File links Andrew Ellicott on a medallion from 1799. ... Image File history File links Andrew Ellicott on a medallion from 1799. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Surveyor at work with a leveling instrument. ... The Appalachian Mountains are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... Pierre Charles LEnfant ( 2 August 1754 – 14 June 1825) designed the street plan of the Federal City in the United States, now known as Washington, DC. Born in France, he came to the American colonies as a military engineer with General Lafayette and became closely identified with the United... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774–October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark, whose mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana...

[edit] Early life

Andrew Ellicott was born in Buckingham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania as the first of nine children of Joseph Ellicott (1732 – 1780) and his wife Judith (née Blaker or Bleaker, 1729 – 1809).^[1][2] The Quaker family lived in modest conditions; his father was a miller and clockmaker. Young Andrew was educated at the local Quaker school, where Robert Patterson, who later became a professor and vice provost at the University of Pennsylvania, was his teacher for some time. Andrew was a talented mechanic like many of the family and showed some mathematical talent, too. Buckingham Township is a township located in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. ... Joseph Ellicott (1732 – 1780) was one of three Quaker brothers from Bucks County, Pennsylvania who purchased land on the Patapsco River and set up a new milling business there. ... Quaker redirects here. ... For other uses, see Miller (disambiguation). ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ...

In 1770, his father, together with his uncles Andrew (1733/4 – 1809) and John (1739 – 1794), purchased land on the Patapsco River and set up a new milling business there, founding the town of Ellicott's Mills in 1772. Three years later, Andrew married Sarah Brown (1756/8 – 1827) of Newtown, Pennsylvania, with whom he would have ten children, one of which died as a child. When the Revolutionary War broke out, Andrew enlisted as a commissioned officer in the Elk Ridge Battalion of the Maryland militia despite his Quaker upbringing. During the course of the war, he rose to the rank of major, a title he would keep as an honorific throughout his life. The Patapsco is a river in central Maryland which flows into the Chesapeake Bay in Baltimore, Maryland. ... Main Street, Ellicott City Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. ... Year 1772 (MDCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Newtown is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. ... This article is about military actions only. ... Major is a military rank the use of which varies according to country. ...

[edit] Survey work

After the war, Ellicott returned home to Ellicott's Mills until he was appointed, in 1784, a member of the survey group tasked with extending the survey of the Mason-Dixon line that had been abandoned in 1767 and then been stalled during the war. In this survey, he worked alongside David Rittenhouse and James Madison, making first connections with the scientific society of Philadelphia. Main Street, Ellicott City Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... For the polling company, see Mason-Dixon Polling & Research Inc. ... Year 1767 (MDCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... David Rittenhouse (April 8, 1732 – June 26, 1796) was a renowned American astronomer, inventor, mathematician, surveyor, scientific instrument craftsman, and public official. ... For other persons named James Madison, see James Madison (disambiguation). ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ...

Following the death of their second son, the Ellicotts moved to Baltimore in 1785, where Andrew taught mathematics at the Academy of Baltimore and was even elected to the legislature in 1786. The same year, he was called upon for a survey to define the western border of Pennsylvania. This "Ellicott Line" (running north-south at 80°31'12"W^[3]) later became the base line for the surveys of the Northwest Territory.^[4] His work in Pennsylvania intensified his ties with Rittenhouse and other members of the American Philosophical Society and led to encounters with Benjamin Franklin and Simeon De Witt. When he was subsequently appointed to lead other surveys in Pennsylvania, the family moved again in 1789 to Philadelphia. By recommendation of Franklin, Ellicott got a position with the newly established government and was tasked by George Washington to survey the lands between Lake Erie and Pennsylvania to determine the border between Western New York and U.S. territory, resulting in the Erie Triangle. This survey, during which he also made the first topographical study of the Niagara River including the Niagara Falls, gained Ellicott a reputation for superb accuracy in surveys. Baltimore redirects here. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The Northwest Territory, also known as the Old Northwest and the Territory North West of the Ohio, was a governmental region within the early United States. ... The American Philosophical Society is a discussion group founded as the Junto in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... Simeon De Witt painted by Ezra Ames Simeon De Witt (1756 – 1834) was the Geographer and Surveyor-General of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and Surveyor General of the State of New York for the fifty years from 1784 until his death. ... Year 1789 (MDCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Western New York refers to the westernmost region of New York State. ... Black line indicates southern border of Erie Triangle within Erie County The Erie Triangle is a tract of American land that was the subject of several competing colonial-era claims and which was eventually acquired by the U.S. federal government and sold to Pennsylvania so that the state would... Satellite image of the Niagara River. ... For other uses, see Niagara Falls (disambiguation). ...

A contemporary reprint of Ellicott's plan for Washington, D.C.

From 1791 to 1792, Ellicott worked under the direction of three commissioners that President George Washington had appointed, surveying the boundaries of the future District of Columbia, assisted first by free African-American astronomer Benjamin Banneker and then by Ellicott's brother, Joseph Ellicott. During these years, Ellicott's team put into place forty boundary stones (approximately one mile apart from each other) that marked the borders of the 100 square mile parcel of federal territory that became in 1801 the District of Columbia. Most of these stones remain in their original positions. As engravings on many of the stones still show, Ellicott's team placed those that marked the border with Virginia in 1791, and those that marked the border with Maryland in 1792.^[5] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x654, 306 KB)Andrew Ellicotts plan for Washington, D.C., 1792. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x654, 306 KB)Andrew Ellicotts plan for Washington, D.C., 1792. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Galileo is often referred to as the Father of Modern Astronomy. ... Benjamin Banneker cartoon by Charles Alston, 1943. ... Joseph Ellicott Joseph Ellicott (November 1, 1760 - August 19, 1826) was a surveyor, city planner, land office agent, canal commissioner and judge born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, of the Quaker faith. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Hercules fighting the Centaurs , engraving by Sebald Beham Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. ...

In 1792, Ellicott surveyed the city of Washington, working with Peter (Pierre) Charles L' Enfant, who had prepared the first plans for the capital city during the early months of 1791. After President George Washington dismissed L'Enfant in 1792, Ellicott was placed in charge of the planning and surveying of the capital city's streets.^[6] Pierre Charles LEnfant ( 2 August 1754 – 14 June 1825) designed the street plan of the Federal City in the United States, now known as Washington, DC. Born in France, he came to the American colonies as a military engineer with General Lafayette and became closely identified with the United... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

To L'Enfant's great dismay, Ellicott revised the original plan for the capital city by realigning and straightening Massachusetts Avenue, eliminating five short radial avenues and adding two others, removing several plazas and straightening the borders of the future Judiciary Square. As Ellicott succeeded in having his plan published, the city's streets follow his plan, rather than that of L'Enfant.^[7] When he quit the Washington, D.C. project, Ellicott was relieved to escape the political pressures surrounding that venture. Massachusetts Avenue, colloquially abbreviated Mass. ... Judiciary Square is a Washington Metro station in Washington, DC on the Red Line. ...

In 1794 Ellicott accepted a commission from Pennsylvania to plan the town of Erie. He spent the next two years with this task, plotting a road from Reading, Pennsylvania to Presqu'Isle, where the town was to be built, and supervising the construction of Fort Erie. 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... “Erie” redirects here. ... Berks County’s location in Pennsylvania Reading’s location in Berks County Country United States State County Berks Founded 1748 Government  - Mayor Thomas McMahon (D) Area  - City 10. ... Aerial view from the northeast, showing Gull Point in the foreground Aerial view of Presque Isle State Park. ...

In 1796, George Washington commissioned Ellicott as the U.S. representative on the commission for the survey of the border between the Spanish territories in Florida and the United States negotiated in the Treaty of San Lorenzo. Ellicott travelled with a military escort via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and worked together with Spanish commissioners, despite many difficulties, for the next four years. Another "Ellicott's Line" from this survey, running along 31°N, still defines the border between Alabama and Florida.^[8] One of his markers for the boundary line survives to this day and bears his name, Ellicott's Stone. In 1798, he complained to the government about four American generals receiving pensions from Spain, including General James Wilkinson. Ellicott showed considerable diplomatic talent during this joint project to bring it to a successful completion, and he presented his final report with maps to the government in 1800. Year 1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... Pinckneys Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. ... View of Pittsburgh, the largest metropolitan area on the Ohio River, where the Allegheny River (left) and the Monongahela River (right) join at Point State Park to form the Ohio River Cincinnati, Ohio is a well known city along the Ohio River, historically known for its riverboats. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Ellicott’s Stone is a boundary marker placed on April 10, 1799 by a joint U.S.-Spanish survey party. ... Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... General James Wilkinson James Wilkinson (1757 – December 28, 1825) was a U.S. soldier and statesman, who was associated with several scandals and controversies. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF...

The Adams administration, however, then refused to pay Ellicott for his work done in this survey, and even refused him access to his maps he had submitted with the report. He was forced to sell some of his possessions, including books from his library, in order to support his family. Finally the maps were released in 1803, and Ellicott published his Journal of Andrew Ellicott detailing the Florida survey, including the maps. When Thomas Jefferson offered him the post of Surveyor General, Ellicott turned him down. His prior negative experiences with the administration may have had something to do with this, but at the age of 49, he also wanted to spend more time with his family and feared that this new position might require him to travel too much. Instead, he accepted an offer by Pennsylvania governor Thomas McKean and took a position as Secretary of the Pennsylvania Land Office. The family moved to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Ellicott seemed content with a clerk's job that left him enough time for his own scientific and private interests and that provided a steady income for the family. For other persons named John Adams, see John Adams (disambiguation). ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... Thomas McKean Thomas McKean (March 19, 1734–June 24, 1817) was the second President of the United States in Congress assembled, from July 10, 1781, until November 4, 1781. ... , Official name: City of Lancaster Nickname: The Red Rose City Country  United States State  Pennsylvania County Location Penn Square  - coordinates , Highest point  - elevation 368 ft (112 m) Area 7. ...

Also in 1803, Jefferson engaged Ellicott as a mentor and teacher for Meriwether Lewis, one of the leaders of the Lewis and Clark Expedition that was to start the following year. From April to May 1803, Lewis stayed at Ellicott's home and studied survey techniques, and Ellicott made many recommendations on the expedition's equipment and survey procedures that were later followed. The two men apparently got along well. 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774–October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark, whose mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana... Lewis and Clark redirects here. ...

When Simon Snyder followed McKean as governor of Pennsylvania, he fired Elliott in 1809 due to political differences. A prominent supporter of Snyder was General James Wilkinson, one of the four generals that Ellicott had denounced eleven years earlier. Ellicott returned to private practice and was hired in February 1811 by David B. Mitchell, then governor of Georgia, to re-survey the border between Georgia and North Carolina to settle a border dispute between these two states. Although he started out in July, his expedition was delayed and had to work throughout the hard winter. Ellicott confirmed earlier findings that the border, which was supposed to follow 35°N, was several miles further south than the Georgians claimed. His report was not well received by the Georgian administration, who furthermore refused to pay his fees. Ellicott returned in July 1812 to Pennsylvania. Missing image Simon Snyder Simon Snyder Simon Snyder (5 November 1759 - 9 November 1819) was governor of Pennsylvania from 1808 to 1817. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... General James Wilkinson James Wilkinson (1757 – December 28, 1825) was a U.S. soldier and statesman, who was associated with several scandals and controversies. ... For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ... David Brydie Mitchell (1760-1837) was an American politician. ... Official language(s) English Demonym North Carolinian Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th in the US  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (340 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (900 km)  - % water 9. ...

In 1813, Ellicott accepted a position as a professor for mathematics at the military academy at West Point, and the family left Lancaster and moved to West Point, New York. In 1817, Ellicott was again called upon to participate as astronomer in a field survey to establish the western border between Canada and the United States, which had been defined after the War of 1812 in the Treaty of Ghent to run along 45°N. It was the last big survey that he performed. Ellicott died three years later from a stroke in his home at West Point. Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... USMA redirects here. ... West Point painting West Point is a federal military base (and a census-designated place) located in the Town of Highlands in Orange County, New York. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ... Signing of the Treaty of Ghent. ... For other uses, see Stroke (disambiguation). ...

[edit] In memoriam

Andrew Ellicott Park at the West Cornerstone, located in Arlington County, the City of Falls Church and Fairfax County in Northern Virginia at the original west corner of the District of Columbia, memorializes Ellicott.^[9][10] Ellicott Circle and Ellicott Street in the District of Columbia also memorialize him.^[11][12] Arlington County is an urban county of about 203,000 residents in the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the U.S., directly across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. [1] Originally part of the District of Columbia, the land now comprising the county was retroceded to Virginia in a July... Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Independent City Founded 1875 Government  - Mayor Robin Gardner Area  - City  2. ... Fairfax County is a county in Northern Virginia, in the United States. ... Map of Northern Virginia Northern Virginia (NoVA) consists of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties and the independent cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, and Manassas Park. ... Statue of Winfield Scott at the center of Scott Circle. ...

[edit] References

General sources: USCG HH-65 Dolphin USCG HH-60J JayHawk USCG HC-130H departs Mojave USCG HC-130H on International Ice Patrol duties The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is at all times a branch of the U.S. military, a maritime law enforcement agency, and a federal regulatory body. ... The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) is a government agency that provides planning guidance for Washington, D.C. and the surrounding communities. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

• Crim, R. D.: Andrew Ellicott and the North Georgia Boundary of 1811, paper submitted to the ACSM/FIG Conference in April 2002 in Washington, D.C. Last accessed Aug 10, 2005.
• Davies, N.M.: Andrew Ellicott: Astronomer, mathematician, surveyor, Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia Chapter, 2001. Last accessed Aug 10, 2005.
• Davies, N.M.: Andrew Ellicott and Meriwether Lewis, Discovering Lewis & Clark, May 2005. Last accessed Aug 10, 2005.
• Toscano, P.: Book Review: Andrew Ellicott, His Life and Letters, Professional Surveyor Magazine 17(6), September 1996.

[edit] External links

• Robert Patterson was one of Andrew Ellicott's teachers.
• A report on Ellicott's Florida survey.
• On the quality of Ellicott's Florida survey.
• Some information of the Florida-Alabama border.
• National Surveyors Hall of Fame.
• Article and portrait at "Discovering Lewis & Clark"
• Image of Andrew Ellicott, 1809 by painter Jacob Eichholtz of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
• A surveying instrument of Andrew Ellicott, with images.

[edit] Further reading

• Mathews, Catherine VanCortland [1903] (1997). Andrew Ellicott, His Life and Letters, The Grafton Press, Reprint, WorldComm. ISBN 1-56664-111-X.