Andrew Z. Fire

Andrew Zachary Fire (born on April 27th 1959) is an American professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Image File history File links Andrew-Fire. ... Image File history File links Andrew-Fire. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... Stanford Medical School Stanford University School of Medicine is affiliated with Stanford University and is located at Stanford University Medical Center in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and Menlo Park. ...

Fire is one of the laureates of the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). This research was conducted at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and published in 1998. Fire is currently professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine, which he joined in 2003. 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nobel Prize medal. ... Craig C. Mello Craig Cameron Mello (born October 19, 1960 in Worcester, Massachusetts), is one of the laureates of the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Andrew Z. Fire, for the discovery of RNA interference. ... RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in molecular biology where the presence of certain fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) interferes with the expression of a particular gene which shares a homologous sequence with the dsRNA. RNAi is distinct from other gene silencing phenomena in that silencing can spread from... The Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) is a foundation established by Andrew Carnegie in 1902 to support scientific research. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Stanford redirects here. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Biography

Fire was born in Palo Alto, California and raised in Sunnyvale, California. ^[1] Upon graduating from Fremont High School, he attended the University of California, Berkeley where he received his B.A. in mathematics in 1978 at the age of 19. He then proceeded to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received a PhD in biology in 1983 under the mentorship of Nobel laureate Phillip Sharp. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Location Location of Sunnyvale within Santa Clara County, California. ... Fremont High School is a comprehensive, co-educational, public secondary school that serves eastern Sunnyvale, California. ... The University of California, Berkeley (also known as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, and by other names, see below) is the oldest and flagship campus of the ten-campus University of California system. ... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a private research university located in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Its mission and culture are guided by an emphasis on teaching and research grounded in practical applications of science and technology. ... PhD usually refers to the academic title Doctor of Philosophy PhD can also refer to the manga Phantasy Degree This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Phillip Allen Sharp (born June 6, 1944), U.S. geneticist and molecular biologist; co-discovered gene splicing; shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard J. Roberts for the discovery that genes in eukaryotes are not contiguous strings but contain introns, and that the splicing of messenger...

Fire then moved to Cambridge, England, to become a Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Fellow. He became a member of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology group headed by Nobel laureate Sydney Brenner. Shown within Cambridgeshire Geography Status City (1951) Region East of England Admin. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq... Current MRC logo The Medical Research Council (MRC) is a UK organisation dedicated to promot[ing] the balanced development of medical and related biological research in the UK. Organisation The MRC is one of seven Research Councils and is answerable to, although politically independent from, the Office of Science and... MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge EXTERNAL LINKS www. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

From 1986 to 2003, Fire was a staff member of the Carnegie Institution of Washington’s Department of Embryology in Baltimore. The initial work on double stranded RNA as a trigger of gene silencing was published while Fire and his group were at the Carnegie Labs. ^[2] The Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) is a foundation established by Andrew Carnegie in 1902 to support scientific research. ... Embryology is the branch of developmental biology that studies embryos and their development. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Monument City, Charm City, Mob Town, B-more Motto: Get In On It (formerly The City That Reads and The Greatest City in America; BELIEVE is not the official motto but rather a specific campaign) Location Location of Baltimore in Maryland Coordinates , Government Country State County United...

Fire became an adjunct professor in the Department of Biology at Johns Hopkins University starting in 1989 and joined the Stanford faculty in 2003. Throughout his career, all of the major work in Fire’s lab has been supported by research grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876, is a private institution of higher learning located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. ... The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for medical research. ...

He is a member of the two prestigious learned societies:National Academy of Sciences and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He also serves on the Board of Scientific Counselors and the National Center for Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health. President Harding and the National Academy of Sciences at the White House, Washington, DC, April 1921 The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine. ... The House of the Academy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ...

Nobel prize

See also: RNAi

In 2006, Mello and Fire received the Nobel Prize for work that began in 1998, when Mello and Fire along with their colleagues (SiQun Xu, Mary Montgomery, Stephen Kostas, Sam Driver) published a paper ^[3] in the journal Nature detailing how tiny snippets of RNA fool the cell into destroying the gene's messenger RNA (mRNA) before it can produce a protein - effectively shutting specific genes down. In molecular biology, RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in which the presence of small fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) whose sequence matches a given gene interferes with the expression of that gene. ... First title page, November 4, 1869 Nature is one of the oldest and most reputable scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. ... Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. ... The interaction of mRNA in a eukaryote cell. ...

The Nobel citation, issued by Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said: "This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of genetic information." The Karolinska Institute or Karolinska institutet is a medical university in Stockholm, Sweden. ...

Mello and Fire's research, conducted at the Carnegie Institution, had shown that in fact RNA plays a key role in gene regulation. The BBC noted The Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) is a foundation established by Andrew Carnegie in 1902 to support scientific research. ... Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, invariably known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest public broadcasting corporation in the world. ...

Professor Nick Hastie, director of the Medical Research Council's Human Genetics Unit, said the fact that the work had been recognised by the Nobel committee just eight years after it was published indicated just how important it had been. He said: "It is very unusual for a piece of work to completely revolutionise the whole way we think about biological processes and regulation, but this has opened up a whole new field in biology." Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Current MRC logo The Medical Research Council (MRC) is a UK organisation dedicated to promot[ing] the balanced development of medical and related biological research in the UK. // Organisation The MRC is one of eight Research Councils and is answerable to, although politically independent from, the Office of Science and... Professor Hastie said previously RNA had been thought to have very little role in regulating genes - in fact some thought it nothing more than a by-product. [4]

Click on this link for the latest volume on RNA Interference Technology Image File history File links Cquote2. ...

See also

• http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/02/nobel.medicine.ap/index.html
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5398844.stm
• http://mednews.stanford.edu/releases/2006/october/nobel.html
• http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/press.html
• http://www.carnegieinstitution.org/news_releases/PRNobelReleaseFire.html
• http://www.umassmed.edu/pap/news/MelloPrize.cfm

References