NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Andrew Yao

Andrew Chi-Chih Yao (Chinese: 姚期智; Hanyu Pinyin: Yáo Qīzhì) (born December 24, 1946) is a prominent computer scientist and computational theorist. December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... Princeton University is a coeducational private university located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States of America. ... Tsinghua University, (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a university in Beijing, China. ... The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Computer science (informally: CS or compsci) is, in its most general sense, the study of computation and information processing, both in hardware and in software. ... A Computational theorist is a theorist in the areas of Computational Complexity, Computational learning theory, and Cryptography. ...

He received the Turing Award, the most prestigious award in computer science, in 2000, "in recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity". In 1996 he was awarded the Knuth Prize. The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) is an algorithm that generates a sequence of numbers which are not truly random. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek ÎºÏÏ…Ï€Ï„ÏŒÏ‚ kryptÃ³s hidden, and the verb Î³ÏÎ¬Ï†Ï‰ grÃ¡fo write) is the study of message secrecy. ... The notion of communication complexity (CC) was introduced by Yao in 1979, who investigated the following problem involving two separated parties (Alice and Bob). ... The Knuth Prize is a prize for outstanding contributions to the foundations of computer science, named after Donald E. Knuth. ...

Yao used the minimax theorem to prove what is now known as Yao's Principle. Minimax (sometimes minmax) is a method in decision theory for minimizing the maximum possible loss. ... Andrew Yao proposed that to establish a lower bound on the expected worst-case cost of a randomized algorithm, evaluate the minimum cost of a deterministic algorithm on a probability distribution over the problem instances. ...

Yao was born in Shanghai, China. He completed his undergraduate education in physics at the National Taiwan University, before completing a Ph.D. in physics at Harvard University in 1972, and then a second PhD in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... National Taiwan University (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuo2-li4 tai2-wan1 ta4-hsÃ¼eh2; POJ: Kok-liÌp TÃ¢i-Ã´an TÄi-haÌk; abbreviation NTU)[2] is a national university in Taipei, Taiwan. ... Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Founded in 1636,[2] Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. ... The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), is the largest campus in the University of Illinois system. ...

He had been a Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University, where he continues to work on algorithms and complexity. In 2004, he became a Professor of the Center for Advanced Study, at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Princeton University is a coeducational private university located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States of America. ... Tsinghua University, (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a university in Beijing, China. ... Beijing (Chinese: åŒ—äº¬; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ; ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

He is a member of US National Academy of Sciences, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, and a foreign member of Chinese Academy of Sciences. President Harding and the National Academy of Sciences at the White House, Washington, DC, April 1921 The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine. ... The House of the Academy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is an honor accorded to distinguished scientists and a category of membership in the AAAS. Fellows are elected annually by the AAAS Council for meritorious efforts to advance science or its applications. ... The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an organization that promotes cooperation between scientists, defends scientific freedom, encourages scientific responsibility and supports scientific education for the betterment of all humanity. ... The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM, was founded in 1947 as the worlds first scientific and educational computing society. ... The Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese: ä¸å›½ç§‘å¦é™¢; pinyin: ZhÅngguÃ³ KÄ“xuÃ©yuÃ n), formerly known as Academia Sinica (not to be confused with Taiwans Academia Sinica currently headquartered in Taipei which shares the same root), is the national academy for the natural sciences of the Peoples Republic of...

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Categories: 1946 births | Living people | Chinese computer scientists | Turing Award laureates | Knuth Prize laureates | Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery | Members and associates of the United States National Academy of Sciences | Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign alumni | Taiwanese computer scientists | Taiwanese people The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... Alan Jay Perlis (April 1, 1922 - February 7, 1990) was a prominent U.S. computer scientist. ... Maurice V. Wilkes Maurice Vincent Wilkes (born June 26, 1913 in Dudley, Staffordshire, England) is a British computer scientist, credited with several important developments in computing. ... Richard Wesley Hamming (February 11, 1915 â€“ January 7, 1998) was a mathematician whose work had many implications for computer science and telecommunications. ... Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927), sometimes affectionately known as Old Man Minsky, is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of MITs AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy. ... James Hardy Wilkinson (27 September 1919â€“5 October 1986) was a prominent figure in the field of numerical analysis, a field at the boundary of applied mathematics and computer science particularly useful to physics and engineering. ... John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts, sometimes known affectionately as Uncle John McCarthy), is a prominent computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence. ... Edsger Dijkstra Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (Rotterdam, May 11, 1930 â€“ Nuenen, August 6, 2002; IPA: ) was a Dutch computer scientist. ... Charles W. Bachman is a prominent computer scientist, particularly in the area of databases. ... Donald Ervin Knuth ( or Ka-NOOTH[1], Chinese: [2]) (b. ... Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 - July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND corporation and at Carnegie-Mellonâ€™s School of Computer Science. ... Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 â€“ February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management, and philosophy of science and a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University. ... Michael Oser Rabin (born 1931 in Breslau, Germany, today in Poland) is a noted computer scientist and a recipient of the Turing Award, the most prestigious award in the field. ... Dana Stewart Scott (born 1932) is the emeritus Hillman University Professor of Computer Science, Philosophy, and Mathematical Logic at Carnegie Mellon University; he is now retired and lives in Berkeley, California. ... John Backus (born December 3, 1924) is an American computer scientist, notable as the inventor of the first high-level programming language (FORTRAN), the Backus-Naur form (BNF, the almost universally used notation to define formal language syntax), and the concept of Function-level programming. ... Robert W Floyd (June 8, 1936 - September 25, 2001) was an eminent computer scientist. ... Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920, Camrose, Alberta, Canada â€“ 19 October 2004, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a computer scientist most notable for developing the APL programming language in 1957. ... Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare (Tony Hoare or C.A.R. Hoare, born January 11, 1934) is a British computer scientist, probably best known for the development of Quicksort, the worlds most widely used sorting algorithm, in 1960. ... Edgar Frank Ted Codd (August 23, 1923 â€“ April 18, 2003) was a British computer scientist who made seminal contributions to the theory of relational databases. ... Stephen A. Cook is a noted computer scientist. ... Kenneth Thompson redirects here. ... Dennis Ritchie Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (born September 9, 1941) is a computer scientist notable for his influence on ALTRAN, B, BCPL, C, Multics, and Unix. ... Niklaus E. Wirth (born February 15, 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering. ... Richard M. Karp (born 1935) is a computer scientist, notable for research in the theory of algorithms, for which he received a Turing Award in 1985. ... John Hopcroft John E. Hopcroft (born October 7, 1939) is a renowned theoretical computer scientist and the grandson of Jacob Nist, founder of the Seattle Box Company. ... Robert Endre Tarjan (born April 30, 1948 in Pomona, California) is a renowned computer scientist. ... John Cocke (May 30, 1925 - July 16, 2002) was an American computer scientist recognised for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design. ... Ivan Sutherland Ivan Sutherland, working at MIT (1963) Ivan Edward Sutherland (born 1938 in Hastings, Nebraska) is a computer programmer and Internet pioneer. ... William Velvel Kahan (born June 5, 1933, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is an eminent mathematician and computer scientist. ... Fernando JosÃ© CorbatÃ³ (born July 1, 1926) is a prominent computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in the development of time-sharing operating systems. ... Robin Milner is a prominent British computer scientist. ... Butler W. Lampson is a computer scientist, considered to be one of the most significant in the history of the field. ... Juris Hartmanis (born July 7, 1928 in Riga, Latvia) is a prominent computer scientist who, with Richard E. Stearns, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory. Born in Latvia, he moved to Germany after... Richard Edwin Stearns is a prominent computer scientist who, with Juris Hartmanis, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory. Stearns is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Computer Science at the University at Albany, which... Edward Albert Feigenbaum (born January 20, 1936) is a computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence. ... Dabbala Rajagopal Raj Reddy (born June 13, 1937 in Katoor, India, near Chennai) is a world-renowned researcher in Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Human-Computer Interaction. ... Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1995 In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking. // Biography Blum attended MIT, where he received his bachelors... Amir Pnueli (born April 22, 1941) is an Israeli computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1996 for seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems verification. ... Dr. Douglas C. Engelbart (born January 30, 1925 in Oregon) is an American inventor of German descent. ... James Nicholas Jim Gray (born 1944, presumed lost at sea January 28, 2007) is an American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1998 for seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation. ... Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr. ... Professor emeritus Ole-Johan Dahl (October 12, 1931 â€“ June 29, 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist and is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard. ... Kristen Nygaard Kristen Nygaard (August 27, 1926 - August 10, 2002) was a Norwegian mathematician, computer programming language pioneer and politician. ... Election People This box: Professor Ronald Lorin Rivest (born 1947, Schenectady, New York) is a cryptographer, and is the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor of Computer Science at MITs Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (CSAIL). ... Adi Shamir at the CRYPTO 2003 conference. ... Leonard Adleman Leonard Adleman (born December 31, 1945) is a theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science and molecular biology at the University of Southern California. ... Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940) is an American computer scientist, known for his early pioneering work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user interface design. ... Vinton Gray Cerf (born June 23, 1943) is an American computer scientist who is commonly referred to as one of the founding fathers of the Internet for his key technical and managerial role, together with Bob Kahn, in the creation of the Internet and the TCP/IP protocols which it... Robert E. Kahn, (born December 23, 1938), along with Vinton G. Cerf, invented the TCP/IP protocol, the technology used to transmit information on the modern Internet. ... Portrait of Peter Naur taken 1968, courtesy of Robert M. McClure. ... Frances E. Allen (born c. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

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