Andrii Melnyk

Andrii Melnyk or Andrij Melnik (Ukrainian: Андрій Мельник) (December 12, 1890-November 1, 1964), Ukrainian military and political leader. Image File history File links Melnyk_Andrii. ... Image File history File links Melnyk_Andrii. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ...

Born near Drohobych, Galicia he served in Austro-Hungarian army as a volunteer with Ukrainian Sich Riflemen during the First World War, and was taken prisoner by the Russians in 1916. In captivity became close associate of Yevhen Konovalets and joined the Ukrainian independence movement. Drohobych (Ukrainian: Дрогобич; Polish: , German: ; Russian: ; Yiddish: דראָביטש) is a city in western Ukraine within the Lviv Oblast. ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia or Galicja Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Turkish: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ... The Austro-Hungarian Army was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. ... A monument in honor of Sich Rifles Sich Riflemen (Ukrainian: ) is the name applied to and used by various military organizations formed by Austria-Hungary in the territory of modern Ukraine in 1917 out of local population. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Yevhen Konovalets (b. ...

During the Russian Civil War Melnyk supported Symon Petliura and was promoted to the rank of colonel in Ukrainian People's Rebublic army. Combatants Red Army (Bolsheviks) White Army (Monarchists, SRs, Anti-Communists) Green Army (Peasants and Nationalists) Black Army (Anarchists) Commanders Leon Trotsky Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Lavr Kornilov, Alexander Kolchak, Anton Denikin, Pyotr Wrangel Alexander Antonov, Nikifor Grigoriev Nestor Makhno Strength 5,427,273 (peak) +1,000,000 Casualties 939,755... Symon Petlyura (Симон Петлюра; also spelled Simon, Semen, Semyen Petliura or Petlura, May 10, 1879 â€“ May 25, 1926) was a Ukrainian politician. ... Colonel (IPA: or ) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ...

Together with Konovalets, Melnyk founded the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) in 1922. Between 1924 and 1928 Melnyk was imprisoned for alleged terrorist activities by the Polish government. In the 1930s Melnyk re-organized OUN as an underground organization, adopted ideology of Benito Mussolini's fascism and created an armed wing responsible for a number of terrorist acts[1], [2], [3]. Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists or OUN (Ukrainian: or ОУН) was a Ukrainian political movement originally created in the interwar Poland. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... The 1930s (years from 1930-1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister and dictator of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown from power. ... Fascism (IPA: ) is a political ideology and mass movement that seeks to place the nation, defined in exclusive biological, cultural, and/or historical terms, above all other sources of loyalty, and to create a mobilized national community. ...

After the assassination of Konovalets in 1939 Melnyk became leader of OUN but in 1940 a more radical faction led by Stepan Bandera broke away from OUN. The two rival organizations became known as Melnykites and Banderites. Since 1938 Melnyk was allegedly recruited by German Abwehr [4] and after the German invasion of the Soviet Union he declared his own independent Ukrainian government in Rivne, competing with Bandera supporters for influence in western Ukraine. 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Stepan Andriyovych Bandera (January 1, 1909–October 15, 1959) was a Ukrainian nationalist leader who headed the Ukrainian Nationalist Organisation (OUN). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Abwehr was a German intelligence organization from 1921 to 1944. ... Combatants Soviet Union1 Poland Germany1 Italy (to 1943) Romania Finland (to 1944) Hungary Commanders Aleksei Antonov Ivan Konev Rodion Malinovsky Kirill Meretskov Ivan Petrov Alexander Rodimtsev Konstantin Rokossovsky Pavel Rotmistrov Semyon Timoshenko Fyodor Tolbukhin Aleksandr Vasilevsky Nikolai Vatutin Kliment Voroshilov Andrei Yeremenko Matvei Zakharov Georgy Zhukov Fedor von Bock Ernst... Rivne (Ukrainian: , Russian: , translit. ...

Initially a more conservative and moderate supporters of Melnyk enjoyed support from both Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and German authorities such as Erich Koch over the radicals from Bandera's group. Despite this support many of his close associates were killed by Ukrainian Insurgent Army of Bandera between 1941 and 1944. In 1944 Melnyk was briefly imprisoned by the Gestapo during a crackdown against Ukrainian independence movement. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC), also known as the Ukrainian Catholic Church, is one of the successor Churches to the acceptance of Christianity by Grand Prince Vladimir the Great (Ukrainian Volodymyr) of Kiev (Kyiv), in 988. ... Erich Koch (June 19, 1896-November 12, 1986) was a German Nazi official. ... UPA propaganda poster The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainian: ) was a Ukrainian guerrilla army formed on October 14, 1942, in Volhynia. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... The   (contraction of Geheime Staatspolizei; Secret State Police) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. ...

After the war Melnyk escaped to the West and lived in Luxembourg, West Germany and Canada. He remained politically active and headed a number of Ukrainian émigré organizations. He died in Clervaux, Luxembourg at the age of 74. District Diekirch Canton Clervaux Area 25. ...

In late 2006 the Lviv city administration announced the future transference of the tombs of Andriy Melnyk, Yevhen Konovalets, Stepan Bandera and other key leaders of OUN/UPA to a new area of Lychakivskiy Cemetery specifically dedicated to Ukrainian nationalists.[5] 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Location Map of Ukraine with Lviv. ... Yevhen Konovalets (b. ... Stepan Andriyovych Bandera (January 1, 1909–October 15, 1959) was a Ukrainian nationalist leader who headed the Ukrainian Nationalist Organisation (OUN). ... Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists or OUN (Ukrainian: or ОУН) was a Ukrainian political movement originally created in the interwar Poland. ... UPA propaganda poster The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrainian: ) was a Ukrainian guerrilla army formed on October 14, 1942, in Volhynia. ... Cemetery in 2003 Lychakivskiy Cemetery (Polish Cmentarz Łyczakowski) is a famous cemetery in Lviv. ...

References

• Andrii Melnyk biography in Encyclopaedia of Ukraine
• "The History we don't know. Or don't care to know?", Zerkalo nedeli (Mirror Weekly), March 29, 2002, available online in English, in Ukrainian and in Russian.