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A native of Thasus, Androsthenes was living in the Macedonian city of Amphipolis when Alexander the Great embarked upon his expedition to Asia.
Androsthenes joined him, as captain of a trireme in the fleet commanded by Alexander's admiral, Nearchus; later, under the command of Alexander himself, he explored the coast of Arabia before finally reaching the island of Tilos in 325 BC.
His most important writings are "Coasting around India", an account of the history and geography of the countries he explored: fragments of this work, which was consulted by Theophrastus and Eratosthenes, are still extant; and "Sailing around the Persian Gulf", also surviving only in fragments.
Some of this information was imparted to Alexander by Archias who was sent with a triacontor to investigate the course of the coasting voyage to Arabia, and who went as far as the island of Tylus, but durst not pass beyond that point.
Androsthenes was despatched with another triacontor and sailed along a part of the peninsula of Arabia.
Hieron of Soli the pilot also received a triacontor from Alexander and advanced farthest of those whom he despatched to this region; for he had received instructions to sail round the whole Arabian peninsula as far as the Arabian Gulf near Egypt over against Heroopolis.
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