Pernicious anemia [[Image:{{{Image}}}|190px|center|]]
| | ICD-10 | D510 | | ICD-O: | {{{ICDO}}} | | ICD-9 | 281.0 | | OMIM | {{{OMIM}}} | | MedlinePlus | {{{MedlinePlus}}} | | eMedicine | {{{eMedicineSubj}}}/{{{eMedicineTopic}}} | | DiseasesDB | {{{DiseasesDB}}} | Pernicious anemia refers to a type of autoimmune anemia. Antibodies are directed against intrinsic factor or parietal cells which produce intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is required for vitamin B12 absorption, so impaired absorption of vitamin B12 can result. The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ...
// C00-D48 - Neoplasms (C00-C14) Malignant neoplasms, lip, oral cavity and pharynx (C00) Malignant neoplasm of lip (C01) Malignant neoplasm of base of tongue (C02) Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue (C03) Malignant neoplasm of gum (C04) Malignant neoplasm of floor of mouth (C05) Malignant neoplasm of...
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Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ...
This article discusses the medical condition. ...
Schematic of antibody binding to an antigen An antibody is a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. ...
Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. ...
Parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) are cells located in the stomach epithelium. ...
A Vitamin is an organic molecule required by a living organism in minute amounts for proper health. ...
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
The term pernicious anemia is sometimes used more loosely to include non-autoimmune causes of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Diagnosis
Blood testing typically shows a macrocytic anemia, and low levels of serum vitamin B12. A Schilling test can then be used to distinguish between pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 malabsorption, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Approximately 90% of individuals with pernicious anemia have antibodies for parietal cells, however only 50% of individuals with these antibodies have the disease. Macrocytosis is the enlargement of red blood cells with near-constant haemoglobin concentration, and is defined by a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of greater than 100 femtolitres (the precise criterion varies between laboratories). ...
The Schilling test is a medical investigation used in people with vitamin B12 deficiency. ...
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
History The treatment for pernicious anemia was first devised by William Murphy who bled dogs to make them anemic and then fed them various substances to see what (if anything) would make them healthy again. He discovered that ingesting large amounts of liver seemed to cure the disease. George Minot and George Whipple then set about to chemically isolate the curative substance and ultimately were able to isolate the vitamin B12 from the liver. For this, all three shared the 1934 Nobel Prize in Medicine. As a result, pernicious anemia is now treated with either vitamin B12 injections (hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin), or large oral doses of vitamin B12, typically between 2 and 4 mg daily. Murphy may refer to: William Parry Murphy, Nobel prize winner William Beverly Murphy, food businessman William Murphy (bishop), Roman Catholic bishop in Rockville Centre, New York ...
The liver is one of the largest internal organs of the human body. ...
George Richards Minot (December 2, 1885 (Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) - February 25, 1950) won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William P. Murphy and George H. Whipple for their work in the study of anemia. ...
George Hoyt Whipple (August 28, 1878 - February 1, 1976) was one of three recipients in 1934 of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on liver therapy in cases of anemia. ...
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ...
Symptoms Pernicious anemia may cause inflammation of the tongue (glossitis). Perncious anemia is also associated with premature greying, blue eyes, vitiligo, and blood group A. Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ...
Many animals have longer and more flexible tongues than humans. ...
Glossitis is an abnormality of the tongue that results from inflammation. ...
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Young woman with Vitiligo Vitiligo (or leukoderma) is the patchy loss of skin pigmentation due to an auto-immune attack by the bodys own immune system on skin melanocytes. ...
A blood type is a description an individuals characteristics of red blood cells due to substances (carbohydrates and proteins) on the cell membrane. ...
Treatment Treatment usually consists of an initial two week course of B12 injections every other day to cause B12 to be stored in the liver, or a longer course if the patient's B12 level is seriously low in the view of the doctor; then booster shots performed at regular intervals, usually once a month, throughout the life of the patient. Injections usually contain a reddish liquid called hydroxycobalamin or cyanocobalamin. They are given directly into the muscle, usually in the arms, to avoid going through the ileum and being destroyed. Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
The liver is one of the largest internal organs of the human body. ...
In semantics, the patient is the passive part of a process. ...
A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ...
Chemical structure of Vitamin B12 The term vitamin B12 (or B12 for short) is used in two different ways. ...
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In anatomy of the digestive system, the ileum (not to be confused with the ilium, a pelvic bone), is the final section of the small intestine. ...
Alternatively, B12, when given in sufficient quantity, can be absorbed orally in a pathway that does not require intrinsic factor or an ileum. Usually, this requires a dose of around 1000 to 2000 mcg.[1] By contrast, the typical Western diet contains 5-7 mcg of B12.
See also Megaloblastic anemia is anemia resulting from a deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid. ...
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